scholarly journals Inheritance of Persistent-Green Color in Asparagus Officinalis, L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
H. Irizarry ◽  
J. Howard Ellison ◽  
Portia Orton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Plant Pigment ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Color Gene

Two mature, dark-green asparagus plants (one female and one male) termed "persistent-green" were selected in a New Jersey asparagus field on November 11, 1959, when the other plants were yellow or brown. The two persistent-green plants were crossed; each of them was crossed also with normal plants for the genetic study of this character. A secondary part of this study was to determine the effect of the color gene or genes on the plant-pigment system by means of spectrophotometric analyses. An attempt also was made to identify the persistent-green mutants in the seedling stage. The study of the phenotypes of 17 F1, F2, and reciprocal BC1 progenies indicated that persistent-green color in asparagus is inherited as a single recessive gene. There was a large quantitative difference in chlorophyll and carotene between the persistent-green and normal plant complexes in October, but not in July. Apparently the persistent-green mutants retain chlorophyll and carotene much later in the season than do the normal plants. No qualitative difference in pigment was found in either July or October. Asparagus seedlings were easily classified as to persistent-green (green foliage) or normal (yellow foliage) in the greenhouse when the plants were 6 weeks old.

scholarly journals Viability of peach palm by-product, Spirulina platensis, and spinach for the enrichment of dehydrated soup

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Los ◽  
Deise Rosana Silva Simões ◽  
Roberta de Souza Leone ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Taís Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Market Niche ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Yellow Color

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop dehydrated soup formulations using flour from peach palm by-product (PPB), Spirulina platensis or spinach, as well as to evaluate their composition by physical, chemical, instrumental, and sensory methods. Four formulations were developed: standard, PPB flour, PPB flour and S. platensis, and PPB flour and spinach. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition, chlorophyll content, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, color, viscosity, water absorption, and microbiological parameters. The sensory characterization was performed by the check-all-that-apply method. The soups containing spinach or S. platensis presented the highest protein contents of 3.3 and 4.6 g 100 g-1, respectively. The soups formulated with the microalgae S. platensis showed higher contents of fibers, lipids, and antioxidants. Changes were observed in the color and viscosity of the soups. The standard dehydrated soup was characterized as shiny, creamy, with seasoning flavor and fragments, and a pale-yellow color; the formulation with spinach, as grainy, with an herb odor and flavor, seasoning fragments, and a dark-green color; and with S. platensis, with herb flavor, seasoning fragments, and a dark-green color. The developed formulations are within the microbiological standards for food established by the Brazilian legislation. The sensory analysis revealed a new market niche, and the soups containing PPB and S. platensis showed good acceptability. Peach palm flour, Spirulina platensis, and spinach are alternatives for the nutritional enrichment of dehydrated soups with high protein, ash, fiber, and antioxidant contents.

scholarly journals Studies of the macrophage complement receptor. Alteration of receptor function upon macrophage activation.

1975 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 1278-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bianco ◽  
F M Griffin ◽  
S C Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Fc Receptors ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Complement Receptor ◽  
Complement Receptors ◽  
Activated Macrophages

We have examined the roles of Fc receptors and complement receptors in mediating the interaction of sensitized sheep erythrocytes (E) with activated and with nonactivated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Both activated and nonactivated macrophages ingest IgG-coated erythrocytes [E(IgG)]; activated cells intest 1.5-2 times as man E(IgG) as do nonactivated macrophages. Thus, there is a quantitative difference in Fc receptor-mediated ingestion between activated and nonactivated macrophages. There is, however, a qualitative difference in function of complement receptors of activated and nonactivated macrophages. Nonactivated macrophages avidly bind complement-coated E [E(IgM)Ia1, but do not ingest them to a significant degree. Activated macrophages, on the other hand, bind and ingest E(IgM)C. The possibility of Fc receptor participation in mediating ingestion of E(IgM)C by activated macrophages was eliminated by blocking Fc receptors with an antimacrophage IgG fraction. Activated macrophages treated with antimacrophage IgG did not ingest E(igG) but did ingest both E(IgM)C AND E(IgM)C. Nonactivated macrophages treated with antimacrophage IgG did not interact at all with E(IgG). These cells bound, but did not ingest, E(IgM)C and E(IgM)C. Complement receptor-mediated ingestion is a marker for macrophage activation and may be physiologically important in the elimination of complement-coated particles.

scholarly journals AN ANTIVIRAL SUBSTANCE FROM PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Semliki Forest Virus ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Penicillium Funiculosum ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Antiviral Substance

Helenine exerts a therapeutic effect against Semliki Forest virus infections of mice. Cures, that is to say the survival of treated animals, were more frequently observed in Semliki Forest virus infections than they were in SK virus infections. It is believed that this difference in end-result probably represented only a quantitative difference in the therapeutic effect of helenine against these two viruses and not a qualitative difference in its mechanism of therapeutic action. The findings reported in this paper with regard to the treatment of Semliki Forest virus infections with helenine parallel very closely those described in an accompanying paper which deals with the action of helenine on SK. virus infections.

Composition and Spectral Investigation for Tetranitro Iron Phthalocyanine

2016 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Ying Li ◽  
Zhao Yang Zeng ◽  
Shan Shan Du
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Iron Phthalocyanine ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Green Paint

Because of the dark green color similar to vegetation, tetranitro iron phthalocyanine has great potentiality in military camouflage application. Tetranitro iron phthalocyanine was synthesized in the method of improved microwave-assisted synthesis. By single-variable controlling principle, the optimal synthesis conditions in laboratory for tetranitro iron phthalocyanine composing was determined. The spectra difference under different conditions between tetranitro iron phthalocyanine and green vegetation was analyzed. The possibility for using tetranitro iron phthalocyanine as green paint in camouflage was discussed

scholarly journals Some Interesting Traits of European and Asian Fragaria Species

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 439A-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Bors ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Fragaria Species

Several interesting attributes have been observed while working with European and Asian species of Fragaria. F. nilgerrensis has shown immunity to aphids and leaf diseases. F. iinumae produces runners that frequently have unusual tap roots. F. moschata demonstrated excellent winter hardiness in a water-logged field during an unusually long cold winter (1995–96) in southern Ontario, excellent leaf disease resistance, and high susceptibility to Botrytis. When grown in the greenhouse, F. moschata fruit taste like a concord grape. F. pentaphylla (Guelph P-1 and P-2) displayed unusually bright red-colored fruit that were uniformly wedged, firm, but lacking flavor. F. pentaphylla P-1 is extremely vigorous and immune to leaf diseases. F. nubicola and F. daltoniana are the smallest and least-vigorous plants in the Univ. of Guelph's collection, yet they appear to confer hybrid vigor to their progeny when crossed to other species. F. daltoniana's leaf has a waxy cuticle and dark green color similar to F. chiloensis. F. viridis has a spicy, cinnamon-like flavor. When F. viridis is crossed to most other diploids, powdery mildew and leaf diseases are prevalent. F. orientalis crosses easily to synthetic tetraploids, has a flavor similar to F. viridis and F. nubicola, but is extremely susceptible to viruses. Aroma is quite variable in F. vesca with the most desirable originating from Russian accessions.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Speidel
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Anuran Larvae ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Erythrocyte Destruction

Experimental hyperthyroidism in urodele larvæ (Amblystoma) and anuran larvæ (Rana, Bufo, and Hyla) is accompanied by definite changes in bile color. The normal pale green, or pale yellow-green, color of the full gall bladder changes progressively after thyroid administration to a brighter green, then emerald-green, and finally a very dark green. In several hundred observations no exceptions were noted. The bile pigment, biliverdin (and its derivatives), is elaborated from the hemoglobin of worn out erythrocytes. Thyroid administration induces an increased rate of erythrocyte destruction, and this is followed by an increased output of bile pigment. Other minor factors are mentioned which may to a limited extent modify the color of the bile. Erythrocyte destruction occurs largely by enucleation, cytoplasmic segmentation, and fragmentation, and is probably widespread in the body. Many fragments and senile red cells collect in the liver. During the later stages of thyroid treatment the macrophages become conspicuously active. They are especially abundant in the liver, the gut, and the gills. In addition to the hemoglobin eliminated after transformation into bile pigment, some is transported by macrophages through the gut lining, and to a less extent through the involuting gill epithelium, and thus eliminated from the body.

scholarly journals FERTIRRIGAÇÃO E FERTILIZANTES DE LIBERAÇÃO GRADUAL PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE GRAMADO ESPORTIVO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-201
Author(s):  
Luciana Maira Tibães Kamimura ◽  
Leandro José Grava de Godoy ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Gradual Release

FERTIRRIGAÇÃO E FERTILIZANTES DE LIBERAÇÃO GRADUAL PARA  A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE GRAMADO ESPORTIVO   LUCIANA MAIRA TIBÃES KAMIMURA¹; LEANDRO JOSÉ GRAVA DE GODOY² E ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BÔAS1   ¹Departamento de Ciências Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034 –Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. ²Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Nelson Brihi Badur 430, Vila Tupy, 11900-000 Registro – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O gramado esportivo requer cuidados para apresentar bom desenvolvimento e “jogabilidade”. O tipo de fertilizante e a forma de aplicação deste, interferem diretamente em sua qualidade. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi de avaliar a adubação com fertilizantes de liberação gradual ou a fetirrigação, na implantação de gramado esportivo. O experimento foi em Botucatu, SP. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com grama zoysia Zeon e bermuda Celebration, como parcela principal, e cinco manejos de adubação (sem adubação; fertirrigação; com fertilizantes convencionais; com fertilizante de liberação lenta; com fertilizante de liberação controlada), nas subparcelas, de janeiro a junho de 2018. As características avaliadas foram: taxa de cobertura verde, índice de coloração verde escuro, índice de grama, altura do gramado, fitomassa da matéria seca das aparas, do estolão, rizoma e da raiz, e número de cortes. A grama Zeon apresentou maior taxa de cobertura verde e maior acúmulo de fitomassa de estolões e rizomas que a Celebration. A grama Celebration apresentou maior índice de grama e de cor verde escuro que a Zeon. O manejo com fertilizante convencional proporcionou os maiores valores das características de crescimento nas duas espécies, contudo exigiu mais mão de obra.   Palavras-chave: adubação, Zoysia, bermuda, campos esportivos.     KAMIMURA, L. M. T.; GODOY, L. J. G.; VILLAS BÔAS, R. L. FERTIGATION AND GRADUAL RELEASE OF FERTILIZERS FOR PLANTING OF SPORTS TURFGRASS     2 ABSTRACT   Sports turfgrass requires care to show good development and "playability". The type of fertilizer and the way of application of this fertilizer directly interfere with its quality. The objective of the present work was to evaluate fertilizers of gradual liberation (slow or controlled) and fertigation in order to obtain higher quality of sport turfgrass. The experiment was conducted in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks, in subdivided plots, with Zeon and Celebration turf, as main plot, and five managements of fertilization (1. without fertilization, 2. fertigation, 3. fertilization with conventional fertilizers, 4. fertilization with fertilizer and 5. fertilization with controlled release fertilizer), in the subplots, and four replications, from January to June. The results were evaluated using the Green Index Rate, Dark Green Color Index, Grass Index, turfgrass height, Dry matter Phytomass, stolon, rhizome and root dry matter, root length and number of mowing. Zeon grass presented higher green cover rate, as well as higher dry matter accumulation of stolons and rhizomes than Celebration. Celebration grass presented grass index and dark green color index higher than those of Zeon. Management with conventional fertilizer provided the highest values of growth characteristics of the two species, but required more cuts and labor for application.   Keywords: fertilization, zoyziagrass, bermudagrass, sports fields.

scholarly journals The beneficial effect of filter-press cake on pineapple yields under field conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
E. Hernández-Medina ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
H. R. Cibes-Viadé
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dark Green

Data from two field experiments located in typical pineapple growing areas in the northern and interior regions of Puerto Rico are reported here. Pineapple plants grown in soil to which filter-press cake was applied previous to planting developed vigorously and were of a dark-green color. Their leaves were wider and their stems and flower stalks thicker than those of pineapple plants given other treatments. At one location, Arecibo, pineapple plants grown in soil receiving at least 39 tons of filter-press cake to the acre, in addition to 1,500 pounds of a 12-6-10 fertilizer, produced yields as high and fruits as large as plants grown in soil receiving twice as much fertilizer but no filter-press cake. Omissions of nitrogen or filter-press cake resulted in reduced yields. The possibility of using filter-press cake more extensively in pineapple fields in the Arecibo and related areas, in conjunction with smaller doses of fertilizers than are generally used, deserve careful consideration from the growers. At the second location, Corozal, 3,000 pounds of fertilizer in addition to 32 tons of filter-press cake to the acre proved to be necessary for maximum yields. Omissions of both potash and nitrogen are detrimental to pineapple production.

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