scholarly journals Effect of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Population Densities on the Growth of Transplants of Three Papaya (Carica papaya) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431E-431
Author(s):  
J.P. Morales-Payan ◽  
W.M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Significant Difference

Nursery experiments were conducted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to determine the effect of increasing population densities of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on the growth of papaya (Carica papaya) transplants. Seeds of `Sunrise Solo', `Red Lady', and `Cartagena Ombligua' were separately sown in plastic 12 × 15-cm containers filled with a 1:1 mixture of sand and loamy soil. Viable purple nutsedge tubers were planted 5 cm apart from the papaya seeds. The purple nutsedge initial population densities were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 tubers per container. The crop and the weed were sown the same day and allowed to interfere during 6 weeks. Purple nutsedge density had a significant effect on the height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight of the three papaya cultivars. There was no significant difference in the response of the three papaya cultivars to purple nutsedge densities. In general, as purple nutsedge density increased, papaya growth decreased. Nutsedge interference caused papaya shoot dry weight losses of 15% at the density of one plant per container and 73% at six plants per container.

Effects of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Morales-Payan ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Unit

Additive series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of season-long interference of different initial population densities of purple nutsedge on the shoot dry weight and fruit yield of tomato and bell pepper. Purple nutsedge densities up to 200 plants/m2linearly reduced shoot dry weight at flowering and fruit yield of both crops as weed density increased. Both variables were directly correlated, and for each percentage unit of tomato shoot dry weight loss at flowering, fruit yield was reduced 1.24 units, whereas for bell pepper this relationship was 1 to 2.01. Total shoot and tuber biomass of purple nutsedge increased as density increased. The presence of either crop caused a decline in the total shoot dry weight accumulation of purple nutsedge, with tomato producing a higher degree of loss than bell pepper to the weed. Fruit yield losses due to purple nutsedge interference reached 44% for tomato and 32% for bell pepper.

scholarly journals Effect of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Population Densities on the Yield of Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431D-431
Author(s):  
J.P. Morales-Payan ◽  
W.M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Linear Decline

Field experiments were conducted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to determine the effect of increasing population densities of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on the yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena). Purple nutsedge populations were established by transplanting viable tubers on 1-m-wide soil beds previously fumigated to suppress volunteer weeds. Nutsedge densities were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 plants (tubers) per m2. `Jira' eggplants and purple nutsedge were transplanted the same day and were allowed to interfere season-long. Purple nutsedge initial population densities of up to 100 plants per m2 did not significantly affect the fruit yield of `Jira' eggplants. However, nutsedge densities between 100 and 200 plants per m2 had a significant impact on eggplant yield, causing a linear decline in fruit yield as purple nutsedge density increased. Eggplant fruit yield loss was 22.3% at the density of 200 nutsedge plants per m2.

Toxicity of Imazethapyr to Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedges (C. esculentus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of purple and yellow nutsedges to selective soil placement of 5 cm of soil treated with imazethapyr above and/or below the nutsedge tubers. Early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) imazethapyr treatments at 71 g ai/ha as a foliar, soil, or foliar + soil application was also evaluated. Imazethapyr placement above or below the nutsedge tuber generally increased shoot number, shoot dry weight (SW), shoot regrowth dry weight (SRW), and root tuber dry weight (RTW) production in both species, 28 and 42 days after treatment (DAT) compared with the control. However, the 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment at 14, 28, and 42 DAT reduced purple nutsedge shoot number, SW, SRW, and RTW to 19, 7, 14, and 26% of the control, respectively. Yellow nutsedge shoot number was 103% of the control with the 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment 42 DAT. The 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment reduced yellow nutsedge SW, SRW, and RTW to 43, 44, and 23% of the control, respectively, 28 and 42 DAT. EPOST and POST foliar + soil and soil-only applications reduced SW 28 d after treatment (DAT) to 13% or less of the control for both species. SRWs of both species were ≤ 53% of the control 42 DAT for the soil-only application. The foliar-only treatment was the least effective in SW, SRW, and RTW reductions.

Sweet Potato Allelopathic Substance Inhibits Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Peterson ◽  
H. F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Substance

The allelopathic influence of sweet potato cultivar ‘Regal’ on purple nutsedge was compared to the influence on yellow nutsedge under controlled conditions. Purple nutsedge shoot dry weight, total shoot length and tuber numbers were significantly lower than the controls (47, 36, and 19% inhibition, respectively). The influence on the same parameters for yellow nutsedge (35, 21, and 43% inhibition, respectively) were not significantly different from purple nutsedge. Sweet potato shoot dry weight was inhibited by purple and yellow nutsedge by 42% and 45%, respectively. The major allelopathic substance from ‘Regal’ root periderm tissue was isolated and tested in vitro on the two sedges. The I50's for shoot growth, root number, and root length were 118, 62, and 44 μg/ml, respectively, for yellow nutsedge. The I50's for root number and root length were 91 and 85 μg/ml, respectively, for purple nutsedge and the I50for shoot growth could not be calculated.

Toxicity of AC 263,222 to Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (C.esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Selective Placement

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of purple and yellow nutsedge to selective placement of 5 cm of soil treated with AC 263,222 above and/or below nutsedge tubers. AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST at 71 g ai ha-1as a foliar, soil, or foliar + soil application also was evaluated. AC 263,222 applied below nutsedge tubers did not reduce purple or yellow nutsedge shoot number, shoot dry weight, shoot regrowth dry weight, or root-tuber dry weight. However, when it was applied above purple nutsedge tubers, shoot dry weight was reduced; and when it was applied above yellow nutsedge tubers, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were reduced. AC 263,222 applied 5 cm above + 5 cm below purple nutsedge tubers reduced shoot number, shoot dry weight, shoot regrowth dry weight, and root dry weight to 9, 4, 10, and 16% of the control, respectively, in purple nutsedge and to 23, 16, 9, and 15% of the control, respectively, in yellow nutsedge. AC 263,222 applied EPOST or POST reduced shoot dry weight, shoot regrowth dry weight, and root dry weight of purple nutsedge to less than or equal to 11, 7, and 27% of the control, respectively, and to less than or equal to 10, 16, and 29% of the control, respectively, for yellow nutsedge with no differences between application methods. The foliar and soil activity of AC 263,222 for purple and yellow nutsedge control provides an advantage over currently registered peanut herbicides.

Influence of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)density and nitrogen rate on radish(Raphanus sativus)yield

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Jose P. Morales-Payan ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) supply and purple nutsedge population densities on the yield of radish. In the greenhouse studies, additive series with purple nutsedge densities of 0, 50, 100, 200 or 350 plants m−2were established. Nitrogen rates of 0, 110, 220, or 330 kg ha−1were provided to the potting medium. A significant density by N interaction was found for radish fresh weight. Within a given nutsedge density, radish yield decreased as N rate increased. In field studies, additive series of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 nutsedge plants m−2were established the same day radish was sown. Nitrogen rates were 100 or 200 kg ha−1. Marketable radish yield losses and nutsedge shoot dry weight and height were determined 30 d after seeding the crop. Nutsedge densities and N rates interactively influenced radish root yield. Radish yield loss reached 100% at nutsedge densities of 75 and 125 plants m−2at 200 and 100 kg N ha−1, respectively. Purple nutsedge produced larger shoot biomass as N increased from 100 to 200 kg ha−1. Results of both greenhouse and field studies showed that as N increased, the negative effect of the weed on the crop was enhanced.

Effect of MON-12037 on Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow (Cyperus esculentus) Nutsedge

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Vencill ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Larry R. Hawf
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root Tuber

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of purple and yellow nutsedge to selective soil placement of 5 cm of soil treated with MON-12037 above and/or below the nutsedge tubers. MON-12037 at 53 g/ai ha applied as a foliar, soil, or foliar + soil application also were evaluated. MON-12037 placement above, below, or above + below the nutsedge tuber decreased shoot number, shoot dry weight, shoot regrowth dry weight, and root-tuber dry weight production in both species, 30 and 60 d after treatment. MON-12037 applied as a foliar, soil, and foliar + soil treatment was effective in reducing purple nutsedge shoot regrowth dry weight to less than 5% of the non-treated control. Yellow nutsedge shoot regrowth dry weight from the foliar + soil and soil-only applications was less than 1% of the non-treated control.

Acetyl salicylic acid alleviates chilling-induced damage in muskmelon seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Murat Uzunlu ◽  
Ali Riza Demirkiran
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Salicylic acid (SA) is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) application at various concentrations through seed immersion or foliar spray would protect muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] seedlings subjected to chilling stress. Twenty-one-day-old plants pre-treated with ASA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) were subjected to chilling stress for 72 h at 3 ± 0.5°C. ASA, applied either through seed immersion or foliar spray, was effective within the range of 0.1 to 1 mM in inducing tolerance to chilling stress in muskmelon seedlings; however, there was no significant difference between application methods. ASA significantly and curvilinearly affected all seedling growth and stress indicator variables tested except shoot dry weight. The best protection was obtained from seedlings pre-treated with 0.5 mM ASA. The highest ASA concentration used was slightly less effective in providing chilling stress protection. Even though both methods provided similar means of protection, due to its simplicity and practicality, immersion of muskmelon seeds prior to sowing in 0.5 mM ASA would be a more desirable method to induce tolerance to chilling stress. Key words: Cucumis melo, aspirin, chilling stress tolerance, gas exchange, electrolyte leakage

Competitive interactions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and nutsedges (Cyperusspp.)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Donn G. Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Replacement series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate effects of population densities and proportions on the intraspecific and interspecific interference of either purple nutsedge or yellow nutsedge with tomato cv. Sunny, under nonlimiting conditions of water and nutrients. When grown with either nutsedge species for 40 d, tomato dry weight per plant increased and dry weight per plant of nutsedge decreased as their relative proportions decreased in mixture. Relative yield analysis indicated tomato is a stronger competitor than either nutsedge species. Both nutsedges appeared to be weak interspecific competitors but strong intraspecific competitors. Attenuated light on a purple nutsedge canopy showed that tomato additions can reduce light received by the weed compared to pure nutsedge stands.

Early Interference between Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Four Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Michael A. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Early weed and crop interference was examined in a greenhouse pot experiment combining aspects of additive, substitutive, and diallel designs. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. 'Stoneville 213′) and four weeds {purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.)} were grown singly and in all possible combinations of pairs including reciprocals for 5 weeks in 10-cm plastic pots. After 5 weeks large crabgrass was the tallest species in all combinations except when grown with purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge, however, had more leaf area and greater dry weight than all other species. Height, leaf area, and dry weight were lowest in prickly sida. Mean relative yields in mixtures (a measure of competitive ability) were 1.90, 1.15, 1.13, 0.86, and 0.41 for purple nutsedge, large crabgrass, cotton, velvetleaf, and prickly sida, respectively, when grown with the other four species as associates. Conversely, purple nutsedge and cotton as associates depressed mean relative yields of competing species to 0.59 and 0.94. Large crabgrass, velvetleaf, and prickly sida as associates increased mean relative yields of competing species to 1.17, 1.18, and 1.55, respectively. Analysis of these data and replacement-series diagrams indicated that purple nutsedge was the most competitive, prickly sida the least, and the other species were intermediate and approximately equivalent in competitive ability.

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