scholarly journals Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Partitioning within One-year Shoots of Young Peach Trees Grown with Grass Competition

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1174-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Tworkoski ◽  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
W.V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
N Partitioning ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees

Carbohydrate and nitrogen were measured during 1992 and 1993 in shoots of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees that were planted in 1989 and grown in three vegetation-free areas contained within plots planted to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), or a mixture of Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L. Trees grown in 9.3-, 3.3-, and 1.5-m2 vegetation-free areas had the greatest to the least fruit yield, respectively. Fruit number and mass were negatively correlated with stem mass. Grass type had little effect on mass, carbohydrate, or N partitioning within the tree. Individual sugars and carbohydrate partitioning were not affected by grass competition. In contrast, the proportion of shoot N partitioning into stem and leaves declined markedly as the size of the vegetation-free area increased. Proximity of peach trees to grass may have limited N uptake, which, in turn, reduced fruit yield but not stem and leaf growth.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals THE TIMING OF PRUNING OF PEACH TREES ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY, COLD HARDINESS, CARBOHYDRATE STATUS, AND ON THE INCIDENCE OF CYTOSPORA CANKER

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 728B-728
Author(s):  
John M. DeLong ◽  
Robert M Crassweller
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Timing Effects ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Carbohydrate Status ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Cytospora Canker

Fruit Yield and quality measurements were taken from 10 year-old `Newhaven' peach trees pruned at prebloom (preb), full-bloom (fb), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks following fb. Trees were hand-pruned with dormant type thinning and heading cuts. Fruit weight and circumference tended to decrease from fb onwards, while fruit were firmer at fb+4 and fb+6 than at preb. Firmer peaches were also measured at fb+6 than at fb. Fruit color was measured on a tristimulus color scale. Value (L) indicated that lighter fruit occurred with pruning at preb, fb, and fb+4 weeks, while fruit were darker at fb+2, fb+6 and fb+8 weeks. Hue (a) indicated that trees being pruned at preb had redder fruit than those pruned at fb+2 or fb+8 weeks. Redder fruit were also measured at fb+6 than at fb+8 weeks. Chroma (b) indicated that peaches from trees pruned at fb+4 had the highest degree of yellow, while fruit from tree pruning at fb were more yellow than at fb+2, fb+6 and fb+8 weeks. Also being investigated are the pruning timing effects on cold hardiness and carbohydrate status of one year-old stems, and on Cytospora canker incidence at the pruning cuts.

scholarly journals Impact of Fungal Gummosis on Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
P.L. Pusey ◽  
P.F. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach tree fungal gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea [(Moug.:Fr.) Cos & de Not.] is widespread throughout the southeastern United States. Until recently, its economic impact on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been impossible to estimate, since no effective controls were known. Significant, though not total, suppression of gummosis on `Summergold' peach trees was achieved with an intensive 5-year spray program with captafol. Captan was far less effective than captafol. Both trunk diameter and fruit yield were negatively correlated with disease severity. After eight growing seasons, trees treated with captafol were 18% larger than the untreated trees. Yield of mature captafol-treated trees was 40% to 60% high er than that of untreated ones. Following termination of the spray program after 5 years, disease severity gradually increased on both captafol- and captan-treated trees. However, through eight growing seasons, disease severity was significantly lower on captafol-treated trees. This study demonstrates that peach tree fungal gummosis significantly depresses tree growth and fruit yield on susceptible peach cultivars.

scholarly journals Chemical thinning of 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseli de Mello Farias ◽  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽  
Carlos Roberto Martins ◽  
Paulo Mello-Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of thinning with metamitron on the fruit yield and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 2016 and 2017 crop years. Treatments consisted of the application of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L-1 metamitron and of hand thinning 40 days after full bloom, besides control plants. Fruit abscission, effective fructification, number of fruits, and fruit yield per plant were evaluated. Regarding fruit quality, fresh fruit biomass, epidermis color, pulp firmness, soluble solids, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were assessed; fruits were also classified into diameter classes. For fruit abscission, the effect of the application of 100 mg L-1 metamitron is similar to that of hand thinning. Fruit yield and mean mass in all treatments with metamitron are similar to those obtained by hand thinning. The application of metamitron does not affect the fruit quality of peach trees. Chemical thinning with metamitron may be an alternative to hand thinning in peach trees used for the production of fruits for fresh consumption.

scholarly journals Response of Potted Peach Trees to Pruning and Grass Competition

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tworkoski
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach [(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., `Rutgers Redleaf'] trees were grown for two seasons in a greenhouse with three pruning treatments (none, shoot tips removed, and half the shoots removed) and three grass treatments (no grass competition; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., `Linn'; and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, `Kentucky 31'). Competing grass reduced shoot growth, leaf area, and weight of fine roots in shallow soil, but did not affect the growth response to pruning. Regrowth from pruned trees was such that the shoot: root ratio was restored to that of unpruned trees. Leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis had decreased markedly by 48 hours after irrigation ceased in trees without competition (larger trees) and to a similar level by 96 hours in trees with competition (smaller trees). Apparently, the reduced leaf area of peach trees grown with grass competition delayed water stress. Leaf abscisic acid levels were not directly affected by grass competition but increased as leaf water potential decreased. Grass competition modified morphology and reduced tree size, but did not affect shoot growth following pruning.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Young Peach Trees to Distribution Pattern of Vegetation-free Area

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1141-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.V. Welker ◽  
D.M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Strip Pattern ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Free Area

Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees were grown for five growing seasons in uniform-sized vegetation-free areas arranged in three patterns within a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) sod. Trees grown in a vegetation-free area arranged in a strip pattern grew better than trees grown either in the center or edge of a square. The distribution pattern of the vegetation-free area influenced growth during the first 4 years; however, at the end of 5 years, differences in canopy width and trunk cross-sectional area were minimal. Thus, there is much latitude in distributing the available vegetation-free area as orchard floor management practices dictate.

scholarly journals Orchard Floor Management Affects Peach Rooting

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L Parker ◽  
J. Hull ◽  
R.L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Wall Method

The root distribution of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven/Halford] as affected by six orchard floor management treatments was evaluated after 3 years of growth. Two treatments were maintained vegetation-free and four had vegetative covers in the alleyway with a 1.2-m-wide herbicide strip in the tree row. The profile wall method was used to determine root distribution. Trees maintained vegetation-free with herbicide had the most roots. Trees in the vegetation-free plots, maintained with herbicide or cultivation, produced more roots 1.2 m from the tree than trees in the vegetative covers. The number of roots, 1.2 m from the tree, was lowest in the tall fescue treatment. The number of roots were higher in the Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) than with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Fall versus Spring Soil Fertilization of Field-grown Peach Trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
T.M. DeJong ◽  
J.-L. Saenz ◽  
T.T. Muraoka ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf N

Marginally nitrogen (N)-deficient, field-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group) 'O' Henry'] were used to evaluate seasonal patterns of tree N uptake, vegetative growth, and yield following fall or spring fertilization. Sequential tree excavations and determinations of tree biomass and N contents in Feb. and Aug. allowed estimation of N uptake by fall-fertilized trees between September 1993 and mid-February 1994. Total N uptake (by difference) by spring- fertilized trees as well as additional N uptake by fall-fertilized trees over the spring.summer period was also determined. In fall-fertilized trees, only 24% of tree N accumulation between September 1993 and August 1994 occurred during the fall/dormancy period. Spring- and fall-fertilized trees exhibited comparable vegetative growth, fruit size, and yield despite lower dormant tree N contents and tissue N concentrations in the spring-fertilized trees. Fifty percent of tree leaf N content was available for resorption from leaves for storage in woody tree parts. This amount (N at ~30.kghhhhhhha-1) was calculated to represent more than 80% of the N storage capacity in perennial tree parts of fertilized peach trees. Our data suggest that leaf N resorption, even without fall soil N application, can provide sufficient N from storage to initiate normal growth until plant-available soil N is accessed in spring.

Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document