Influence of Mechanical Scarification on Emergence and Seedcoat Adherence of `Genesis' Triploid Watermelon

Production of triploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] transplants is hindered by low and nonuniform emergence, and seedcoat adherence. Seedcoat adherence leads to weakened and slow-growing plants. High seed costs are prohibitive to many transplant growers. Improvement of emergence would lower financial risks to growers and transplant producers. Mechanical scarification was examined as a means to decrease the impact of both problems. Seeds of `Genesis' triploid watermelon were placed in a cylinder with 100 g of very coarse sand and rotated for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours at 60 rpm. Nontreated seeds were used as a control. Data were taken daily on emergence and seedcoat adherence. The experiment was repeated at three temperature regimes. No significant differences were observed in seedcoat adherence. Scarification, however, did significantly improve emergence under test conditions.

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Emergence of `Genesis' Triploid Watermelon following Mechanical Scarification

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.124.4.430 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 430-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John R. Duval ◽

D. Scott NeSmith

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Coarse Sand ◽

Financial Risks ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Triploid Watermelon ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Hard Seed Coat

Production of triploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] transplants is hindered by poor, inconsistent emergence, and frequent seed coat adherence to cotyledons. Seed coat adherence leads to weakened and slow growing plants. High seed costs, coupled with stand establishment problems, discourages transplant producers from growing this crop. Improvement of triploid watermelon emergence will lessen financial risks to growers and transplant producers and will provide a more reliable production system. Mechanical scarification was evaluated as a means to overcome inconsistent emergence and seed coat adherence. Seeds of `Genesis' triploid watermelon were placed in a cylinder with 100 g of very coarse sand (1.0 to 2.0 mm diameter) and rotated at 60 rpm for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours in a series of experiments. Number of emerged seed was recorded daily, to obtain emergence dynamics. No significant differences were observed in seed coat adherence among treatments. The longest duration of scarification However, enhanced emergence as compared to the control in three of four experiments. These data support earlier suggestions that a thick or hard seed coat is a factor contributing to poor germination and emergence of triploid watermelons.

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Financial Risks of the Bank: Assessment and Mechanism of Neutralization

Modern Economics ◽

10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Nelia Volkova ◽

◽

Alina Mukhina ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Financial Risk ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Financial Risks ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Relevant Today ◽

Banking Institution ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Introduction. The issue of financial risk management of commercial banks is quite relevant today, because the activity of banks is the most risky of all. The presence of risks in banking can lead to unexpected losses, namely the loss of own resources. That’s why for the stable operation of the bank without loss the priority is to assess the financial risks, which is the basis for their further neutralization. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual provisions for assessment financial risks and justifying the need to neutralize them. Results. The article analyzes the impact of risks on the financial stability of a banking institution. The main methods of bank risk assessment are considered. All these include the statistical method, the analytical method, the expert method, the analogue method and the combined method. The necessity of neutralization of financial risks in order to avoid negative consequences is substantiated. Also the methods of bank risks neutralization are considered. It should be noted that these methods of neutralization can not only be used, but also supplement the list with new methods must be done, which in the future will protect the bank from the influence of undesirable factors. A conceptual approach to the assessment and neutralization of financial risks is proposed. This conceptual approach aims to ensure effective assessment of the level of risk with their subsequent neutralization Conclusions. Use of a conceptual approach will allow an effective risk assessment and decision-making to avoid or accept risk. Thanks to using this approach, the banking institution will be able to react swiftly to the presence of financial risks and to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences, which may lead to a violation of the financial stability of the bank.

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Impact of On-Farm Interventions against CTX-Resistant Escherichia coli on the Contamination of Carcasses before and during an Experimental Slaughter

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Michaela Projahn ◽

Jana Sachsenroeder ◽

Guido Correia-Carreira ◽

Evelyne Becker ◽

Annett Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

High Prevalence ◽

On Farm ◽

The Impact ◽

Slow Growing

Cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are still an ongoing challenge in human and veterinary health. High prevalence of these resistant bacteria is detected in broiler chickens and the prevention of their dissemination along the production pyramid is of major concern. The impact of certain on-farm interventions on the external bacterial contamination of broiler chickens, as well as their influence on single processing steps and (cross-) contamination, have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated breast skin swab samples of broiler chickens before and during slaughter at an experimental slaughter facility. Broiler chickens were previously challenged with CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains in a seeder-bird model and subjected to none (control group (CG)) or four different on-farm interventions: drinking water supplementation based on organic acids (DW), slow growing breed Rowan × Ranger (RR), reduced stocking density (25 kg/sqm) and competitive exclusion with Enterobacteriales strain IHIT36098(CE). Chickens of RR, 25 kg/sqm, and CE showed significant reductions of the external contamination compared to CG. The evaluation of a visual scoring system indicated that wet and dirty broiler chickens are more likely a vehicle for the dissemination of CTX-resistant and total Enterobacteriaceae into the slaughterhouses and contribute to higher rates of (cross-) contamination during processing.

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The impact of NO inf3 sup? loading on the freshwater macrophyte Littorella uniflora: N utilization strategy in a slow-growing species from oligotrophic habitats

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/bf00317857 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 368-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

W. E. Robe ◽

H. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Littorella Uniflora ◽

N Utilization ◽

The Impact ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Utilization Strategy ◽

Freshwater Macrophyte

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Removal of Formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compounds from Particleboards by Air-Cleaning Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1870 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113-116 ◽

pp. 1870-1873

Author(s):

Xiao Dong Zhu ◽

Jun Shen ◽

Yu Liu

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Voc Emissions ◽

Photo Catalyst ◽

Air Cleaning ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Formaldehyde Removal ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Short Time ◽

The Impact

The removal efficiencies of 4 air-cleaning materials on formaldehyde and VOC emissions from particleboards were examined in this paper. The effect of activated carbon and photo catalyst on formaldehyde and VOC emissions removal was notable in short time. The effect of scavenger was obviously on formaldehyde removal for its synthetic mechanism. And the impact of bioenzyme on formaldehyde and VOC emissions from particleboards is dependent on the test conditions and it shows no impact on emissions in this experiment.

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FINANCIAL SYSTEM RISKS

Vektor nauki Tol yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie ◽

10.18323/2221-5689-2021-1-13-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

S. E. Demidova ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Finance ◽

Social Economic ◽

Financial System ◽

System Stability ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Financial Risks ◽

The Public ◽

Systemic Risks ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

Government interference in the social-economic processes through the implementation of anti-crisis measures and fiscal expansion holds the embodiment of financial risks for economic entities. As a result, government debt and budget gaps at the continuing drop of real disposable household income and companies’ profitability grow. Over a long-term horizon, the decisions made can cause a financial system misbalance and new risk generation, including systemic risks in the sphere of public finance. The author carries out the theoretical research of financial system risks, which can result in a decrease in the system stability in general. The study determines that there is no single theoretical concept of financial risks of the public sector. Within the research, the author analyzed the approaches to systemic risks in various economic sectors and decomposed systemic risk of the public finance sphere. The study specified global factors of influence on the financial system stability, determined the impact factors and common fiscal limitations considering the needs in the execution of state obligations. The pandemic factor – COVID-19 spread is highlighted as an exogenous factor of impact on the formation of financial system misbalances. The main threat to the financial system stability considered in terms of the functional-institutional approach is the deficiency of economic entities’ liquidity. Unprecedented budgetary measures of anti-crisis financial regulation, the deferred impact – tax preferences, and monetary measures had an immediate influence on the liquidity volume during the implementation of anti-COVID activities. Tools of budgetary monitoring, budget expenditures reviews, tax expenditures reviews, and budget consolidation ensure the budget mechanism flexibility. Factors producing financial system risks and the selected measures of state regulation will set the trends for the social-economic development of the country in the coming years.

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Sulfur dioxide-enhanced Phytotoxicity of Ozone to Watermelon

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.4.716 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 716-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gwendolyn Eason ◽

Richard A. Reinert ◽

James E. Simon

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Point Sources ◽

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽

Foliar Injury ◽

Crop Species ◽

Total Plant ◽

Continuous Stirred Tank ◽

The Impact

Three watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars with different ozone (O3) sensitivities were grown in a charcoal-filtered greenhouse and exposed in continuous-stirred tank reactor chambers to five levels (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 nL·L-1) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the presence (80 nL·L-1) or absence (0 nL·L-1) of ozone (O3) for 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 22 days. In the presence of O3, SO2 increased foliar injury in all three cultivars, but the impact was greatest for the most O3-sensitive cultivar, `Sugar Baby,' moderate for `Crimson Sweet,' and least for the least O3-sensitive cultivar, `Charleston Gray.' For all cultivars, SO2 intensified O3 suppression of leaf area for the first seven mainstem leaves and of dry weights for aboveground and total plant tissues. Root dry weight was independently suppressed by both pollutants, and the root: top ratio was linearly suppressed by SO2 alone. Sulfur dioxide combined with O3 can be detrimental to crop species such as watermelon. Thus, the potential for SO2 phytotoxicity should not be summarily dismissed, especially in the vicinity of SO2 point sources where O3 co-occurs.

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PARAMETRIZATION OF THE MECHANISM OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL SECURITIES CIRCULATION

SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA ◽

10.25140/2410-9576-2019-3(19)-77-83 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

Oleksandr Volodmyrovych Lutskevych ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Social Life ◽

Financial Risk ◽

State Regulation ◽

Securities Market ◽

Financial Risks ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Management Mechanism ◽

Financial Risk Management ◽

The Impact

Urgency of the research. Digital technologies are transforming all spheres of social life, and the financial sphere is no exception. In general, such trends cannot but leave an imprint on approaches to managing the financial risk of digital securities. Target setting. Currently, scientific and methodological support for the formation of a mechanism for managing the financial risks of digital securities is in the early stages of development, while the quality of state regulation and supervision of participants in digital securities directly depends on the effectiveness of the current mechanism for managing such risks. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Theoretical and applied aspects of the securities market, features of the impact of financial innovations and financial risk management in the field of securities circulation, are researched by V. Bodrov [1], O. M. Kovaleva [2], I. V. Krasnova [3], N. V. Tkachenko [4], Yu. B. Kolupaeva [5] and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The methodology of formation the mechanism for managing the financial risks of digital securities needs more precise research. The research objective. Deepening the scientific understanding of the term "financial risk management mechanism for the circulation of digital securities" will ensure to outline ways of increasing the efficiency of this financial instrument usage. The statement of basic materials. This article analyzes the essence of the term "financial risk management mechanism". The construction of the mechanism has been adapted to the specifics of digital securities risk management. Conclusions. The essence of the mechanism of financial risks management of digital securities circulation is improved due to application of a set of methods for identification, quantitative and qualitative analysis, measures to prevent realization and / or reduction of negative consequences of financial risks of digital securities circulation, ways of control over some events.

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BUSINESS REPUTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON FINANCIAL STABILITY OF BANKS

Academic Review ◽

10.32342/2074-5354-2021-1-54-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (54) ◽

Author(s):

Victoria V. Kovalenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Financial Stability ◽

Large Scale ◽

Social Role ◽

Financial Institution ◽

Financial Instability ◽

Financial Risks ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Banking Business ◽

The Impact

In the article, the author considers the main aspects of the impact of goodwill on the financial stability of banks. It is substantiated that among the numerous threats that lead to financially unstable development of the banking business, a special place should be given to the support of banks’ business reputation. The main reasons are the phenomena of financial instability caused not only by the cyclical development of the economy, but also the ability to take into account a certain state in which the financial system is able to: effectively allocate resources, assess and manage financial risks, absorb shocks. It is proved that the relationship between business reputation and financial stability is determined by the characteristics of the conceptual apparatus; the system of risks to which they are exposed in the course of their activities; methodical approaches to assessing their level. The author concludes that the key challenges for the banking business in the context of digital transformation should be considered from the standpoint of customer interests, from the standpoint of investors (owners) of the banking business and from the standpoint of the regulator. In today’s realities, when the systemic banking crisis has imposed on a large-scale economic, the decisive factor for success and continued activity in the market is the quality of business reputation. The methods of quantitative assessment of the bank’s business reputation include balance-normative, methods of additional and excess profits, methods of royalties and residual value, the method of rating and comprehensive assessment. It is proved that the level of business reputation is related to the life cycle of banks, which includes the stages of formation, growth, maturity and decline. Measures to ensure business reputation depending on the stage of development of the bank are considered. Both the business reputation and financial stability are affected by the established image of the bank. The article states that a positive image is able to maintain the bank in times of financial instability. It is determined that depending on the group of users (non-financial corporations, households, government agencies or social organizations) the image of the bank should be different and meet all requirements.It is determined that a modern bank is not only an institution of the financial market, but also a financial institution for which social role and reputation in social and economic relations become the primary criteria for ensuring their competitive position.

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