scholarly journals 092 RNA Localization of a Strawberry MADS-Box Gene (SAG1) Involved in Fruit Development

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 457C-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye M. Rosin ◽  
David Hannapel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Similarity ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
And Control

MADS-box genes are an important family of highly conserved regulatory genes in plants, animals, and yeast. Genetic analyses have shown that plant MADS-box genes are homeotic and control both the spatial and temporal location of specific organs. While MADS-box genes have been extensively studied and characterized in floral organ development, their involvement in other developmental processes, such as fruit development, is not well understood. From a strawberry fruit cDNA library, we have identified a strawberry AGAMOUS-like MADS-box gene (SAG1) that is expressed in developing fruit, but not in leaves. This is the first MADS-box gene to be isolated from strawberry. The hypothesis guiding this research is that SAG1 plays an important role in the development of the fruit. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that this cDNA had the highest sequence match to genes from the AGAMOUS family. Comparison of amino acid sequence similarity between SAG1 and members of this family ranged from 70 to 75% overall, and between 98% to100% within the MADS-box. Involvement in stamen and carpel identity is one function of this family of MADS-box genes. Northern hybridizations were performed in order to analyze the expression of this gene at the RNA level. RNA was extracted from various organs of Fragaria ×ananassa, c.v. Calypso. SAG1 RNA expression was specific to stamens, carpels and all stages of fruit and seed development. No expression was detected in roots, leaves, or sepals. Thus, we conclude that SAG1 RNA is involved in reproductive organ and fruit development.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the MADS-Box Transcription Factor Family in Solanum lycopersicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshu Wang ◽  
Jianling Zhang ◽  
Zongli Hu ◽  
Xuhu Guo ◽  
Shibing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Mads Box Gene

MADS-box family genes encode transcription factors that are involved in multiple developmental processes in plants, especially in floral organ specification, fruit development, and ripening. However, a comprehensive analysis of tomato MADS-box family genes, which is an important model plant to study flower fruit development and ripening, remains obscure. To gain insight into the MADS-box genes in tomato, 131 tomato MADS-box genes were identified. These genes could be divided into five groups (Mα, Mβ, Mγ, Mδ, and MIKC) and were found to be located on all 12 chromosomes. We further analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among Arabidopsis and tomato, as well as the protein motif structure and exon–intron organization, to better understand the tomato MADS-box gene family. Additionally, owing to the role of MADS-box genes in floral organ identification and fruit development, the constitutive expression patterns of MADS-box genes at different stages in tomato development were identified. We analyzed 15 tomato MADS-box genes involved in floral organ identification and five tomato MADS-box genes related to fruit development by qRT-PCR. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the tomato MADS-box genes and would be valuable for the further functional characterization of some important members of the MADS-box gene family.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family and its potential role in fruit ripening in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yaqiong Wu ◽  
Chunhong Zhang ◽  
Wenlong Wu ◽  
Weilin Li ◽  
Lianfei Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Type I ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mads Box Gene

BACKGROUND: Black raspberry is a vital fruit crop with a high antioxidant function. MADS-box genes play an important role in the regulation of fruit development in angiosperms. OBJECTIVE: To understand the regulatory role of the MADS-box family, a total of 80 MADS-box genes were identified and analyzed. METHODS: The MADS-box genes in the black raspberry genome were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Through an analysis of the promoter elements, the possible functions of different members of the family were predicted. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of members of the MADS-box family during black raspberry fruit development and ripening were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: The genes were classified into type I (Mα: 33; Mβ: 6; Mγ: 10) and type II (MIKC *: 2; MIKCC: 29) genes. We also obtained a complete overview of the RoMADS-box gene family through phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motif, and cis element analyses. The relative expression analysis showed different expression patterns, and most RoMADS-box genes were more highly expressed in fruit than in other tissues of black raspberry. CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that the MADS-box gene family is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening processes in black raspberry.

scholarly journals Role of MADS-box Gene in the Development of Flower Organs in Pineapple of a Typical Collective Fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
hongna zhang ◽  
Xiaolu Pan ◽  
Debao Yi ◽  
Wenqiu Lin ◽  
Xiumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Genome Survey ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Collective Fruit

Abstract Background: MADS-box genes play crucial roles in plant vegetative and reproductive growth, especially in inflorescences, flower, and fruit. Pineapple is a typical collective fruit, and a comprehensive analysis of the MADS-box gene family in the development of floral organs of pineapple is still lacking. Results: In this study, the whole-genome survey and expression profiling of the MADS-box family in pineapple were introduced. Forty-four AcMADS genes were identified in pineapple, 39 of them were located on 18 chromosomes and five genes were distributed in five scaffolds. Twenty-two AcMADS genes were defined as 15 pairs of segmental duplication events. Syntenic analysis showed that pineapple is closely related to monocotyledon plants. Most members of the type II subfamily of AcMADS genes had higher expression levels in floral organs compared with type I subfamily, thereby suggesting that AcMADS of type II may play more crucial roles in the development of floral organs of pineapple. Six AcMADS genes have significant tissue-specificity expression, thereby suggesting that they may participate in the formation of one or more floral organs. Conclusions: Our findings not only benefit to reveal the functional characterization of MADS-box genes in the floral organ development of pineapple but also provide additional information for further understanding the formation and development collective fruit.

scholarly journals Function and Diversification of MADS-Box Genes in Rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1923-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiro-Yuki Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene

MADS-box genes play critical roles in a number of developmental processes in flowering plants, such as specification of floral organ identity, control of flowering time, and regulation of fruit development. Because of their crucial functions in flower development, diversification of the MADS-box gene family has been suggested to be a major factor responsible for floral diversity during radiation of the flowering plants. Inflorescences and flowers in the grass species have unique structures that are distinct from those in eudicots. Thus, it is plausible that the diversification of the function of MADS-box genes may have been a key driving force in the morphological divergence of the flowers and inflorescences in the grasses. Indeed, recent progress in genetic studies has shown that MADS-box genes function in flower development inOryza sativa(rice), in support of the idea that functional diversification of the MADS-box genes was involved in evolution of the angiosperms. In this review, we summarize the functions of the major subfamilies of the MADS-box genes in rice and discuss their role in the development and evolution of rice flowers and inflorescences.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the MADS-Box Gene Family in Theobroma cacao

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Sijia Hou ◽  
Zhenmei Sun ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jianqiao Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Mads Box Gene

The MADS-box family gene is a class of transcription factors that have been extensively studied and involved in several plant growth and development processes, especially in floral organ specificity, flowering time and initiation and fruit development. In this study, we identified 69 candidate MADS-box genes and clustered these genes into five subgroups (Mα: 11; Mβ: 2; Mγ: 14; Mδ: 9; MIKC: 32) based on their phylogenetical relationships with Arabidopsis. Most TcMADS genes within the same subgroup showed a similar gene structure and highly conserved motifs. Chromosomal distribution analysis revealed that all the TcMADS genes were evenly distributed in 10 chromosomes. Additionally, the cis-acting elements of promoter, physicochemical properties and subcellular localization were also analyzed. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of MADS-box genes in Theobroma cacao and lays the foundation for further functional research.

scholarly journals How different is similar – exploring development of Ceropegia sandersonii pitfall flowers to elucidate convergent evolution of floral synorganization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Heiduk ◽  
Dewi Pramanik ◽  
Marlies Spaans ◽  
Loes Gast ◽  
Nemi Dorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Abstract Background: Lantern plants from the genus Ceropegia (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) have radially symmetric pitfall flowers that are an outstanding example of functional floral complexity with high synorganization of specialized organs. The evolutionary origin and development of these complex flowers is unclear, and the genetic background of floral organ formation is unknown. Flowers with similar deceptive pollination strategies and floral traits convergently evolved in non-related plant lineages. The partially bilaterally flattened trap flowers of pipevines are functionally similar to Ceropegia pitfall flowers; many orchid taxa evolved complex fully bilaterally flattened flowers with specialized organs to trap pollinators. This study is the first to investigate the genetic background of pitfall flower development in Ceropegia, and to explore (i) convergent evolution of extremely synorganized and complex flowers as well as (ii) the homology of a highly specialized floral organ, the gynostegial corona. Methods: We obtained transcriptomes from C. sandersonii early floral buds and mature sepals, petals, and gynostegia, and analyzed differential expression of selected MADS-box genes in buds and mature floral organs using RT-PCR. In addition, we studied floral ontogeny and vascularization using SEM and 3D X-ray micro-CT scanning. Results: We identified ten phases of floral development from primordia to mature flowers, and for the first time visualized the vascular system of mature Ceropegia pitfall flowers in a 3D-model. We identified 14 MADS-box gene homologs, representing all major MADS-box gene classes, in the floral transcriptomes of Ceropegia. Vascular bundle patterns, as revealed by 3D X-ray micro-CT scanning, in combination with high expression of GLOBOSA and AGAMOUS indicate a staminoid origin of this highly specialized floral organ which starts developing from stage seven onwards. Interestingly, AGAMOUS-LIKE6 was neither expressed in early floral buds nor in any mature floral organ, in line with the radial symmetry of all Ceropegia floral organs. Conclusion: We detected differential expression of MADS-box genes involved in Ceropegia floral organ identity and propose a new ABCDE-model for parachute flowers. We compare this with current models of unrelated plants with similar floral traits but (partially) bilaterally flattened flowers, i.e. Aristolochia fimbriata and Erycina pusilla. With this comparative approach we lay the foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms driving convergent evolution of highly specialized deceptive trap flowers.

scholarly journals Expression and Functional Analyses of Nymphaea caerulea MADS-Box Genes Contribute to Clarify the Complex Flower Patterning of Water Lilies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Moschin ◽  
Sebastiano Nigris ◽  
Ignacio Ezquer ◽  
Simona Masiero ◽  
Stefano Cagnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Nymphaeaceae are early diverging angiosperms with large flowers characterized by showy petals and stamens not clearly whorled but presenting a gradual morphological transition from the outer elements to the inner stamens. Such flower structure makes these plant species relevant for studying flower evolution. MADS-domain transcription factors are crucial components of the molecular network that controls flower development. We therefore isolated and characterized MADS-box genes from the water lily Nymphaea caerulea. RNA-seq experiments on floral buds have been performed to obtain the transcript sequences of floral organ identity MADS-box genes. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses confirmed their belonging to specific MADS-box gene subfamilies. Their expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in all floral organs at two stages of development. Protein interactions among these transcription factors were investigated by yeast-two-hybrid assays. We found especially interesting the involvement of two different AGAMOUS-like genes (NycAG1 and NycAG2) in the water lily floral components. They were therefore functionally characterized by complementing Arabidopsis ag and shp1 shp2 mutants. The expression analysis of MADS-box genes across flower development in N. caerulea described a complex scenario made of numerous genes in numerous floral components. Their expression profiles in some cases were in line with what was expected from the ABC model of flower development and its extensions, while in other cases presented new and interesting gene expression patterns, as for instance the involvement of NycAGL6 and NycFL. Although sharing a high level of sequence similarity, the two AGAMOUS-like genes NycAG1 and NycAG2 could have undergone subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization, as only one of them could partially restore the euAG function in Arabidopsis ag-3 mutants. The hereby illustrated N. caerulea MADS-box gene expression pattern might mirror the morphological transition from the outer to the inner floral organs, and the presence of transition organs such as the petaloid stamens. This study is intended to broaden knowledge on the role and evolution of floral organ identity genes and the genetic mechanisms causing biodiversity in angiosperm flowers.

scholarly journals The Orchid MADS-Box Genes Controlling Floral Morphogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1933-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Hong-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Highly Evolved

Orchids are known for both their floral diversity and ecological strategies. The versatility and specialization in orchid floral morphology, structure, and physiological properties have fascinated botanists for centuries. In floral studies, MADS-box genes contributing to the now famous ABCDE model of floral organ identity control have dominated conceptual thinking. The sophisticated orchid floral organization offers an opportunity to discover new variant genes and different levels of complexity to the ABCDE model. Recently, several remarkable research studies done on orchid MADS-box genes have revealed the important roles on orchid floral development. Knowledge about MADS-box genes’' encoding ABCDE functions in orchids will give insights into the highly evolved floral morphogenetic networks of orchids.

scholarly journals Pitfall Flower Development and Organ Identity of Ceropegia sandersonii (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Annemarie Heiduk ◽  
Dewi Pramanik ◽  
Marlies Spaans ◽  
Loes Gast ◽  
Nemi Dorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Flower Evolution ◽  
Developmental Phases

Deceptive Ceropegia pitfall flowers are an outstanding example of synorganized morphological complexity. Floral organs functionally synergise to trap fly-pollinators inside the fused corolla. Successful pollination requires precise positioning of flies headfirst into cavities at the gynostegium. These cavities are formed by the corona, a specialized organ of corolline and/or staminal origin. The interplay of floral organs to achieve pollination is well studied but their evolutionary origin is still unclear. We aimed to obtain more insight in the homology of the corona and therefore investigated floral anatomy, ontogeny, vascularization, and differential MADS-box gene expression in Ceropegia sandersonii using X-ray microtomography, Light and Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and RT-PCR. During 10 defined developmental phases, the corona appears in phase 7 at the base of the stamens and was not found to be vascularized. A floral reference transcriptome was generated and 14 MADS-box gene homologs, representing all major MADS-box gene classes, were identified. B- and C-class gene expression was found in mature coronas. Our results indicate staminal origin of the corona, and we propose a first ABCDE-model for floral organ identity in Ceropegia to lay the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular background of pitfall flower evolution in Apocynaceae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document