scholarly journals 210 Effects of Salt and Water Stress on the Growth and Photosynthesis Rate of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 427C-427
Author(s):  
J.A. Larrinaga-Mayoral ◽  
E. Troyo-Dieguez ◽  
M. Toyota ◽  
B. Murillo-Amador
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress

Salt and water stress affect in a significant way most common horticultural crops in northwest Mexico, where bell pepper, hot pepper, and tomato are the most important vegetable crops. Growth rate (GR) and physiological traits in bell pepper were analyzed under salt and drought stress. Two cultivars of bell pepper, `Hungarian Yellow' (HY) and `Sta. Fe Grande' (SG), were evaluated. GR in both cultivars was decreased by salt and drought stress interaction. Salt concentration in the irrigation water affected the amount of dry matter in the plant tissue. Relative growth ratio (RGR), net assimilation ratio (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and photosynthesis rate (Pn) decreased in a correlated amount to the salt NaCl content in the experiment (0, 80, and 160 mm). Differences in the RGR under salt and drought stress between SG and HY were significant. The observed decrease in RGR was explained by NAR and LAR, where RGR was more affected by NAR than LAR. Similarly, the decrease in NAR was explained by C/F and Pn, indicating that NAR was more affected by Pn than C/F. The difference in observed NAR between both cultivars was understood by difference in C/F. Finally, a high relation of C/F in SG cultivar under salt and drought stress was caused by a physiological use of photosynthetic products, causing a significant decrease in NAR in the cultivar HY. This difference in NAR was found to be the factor that affected RGR in both cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Rana ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Saima Saeed ◽  
Asma Gulzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Pepper Fruit

Pepper is one of the most important vegetables and spices in the world. Principal pungency is contributed by secondary metabolites called capsaicinoids, mainly synthesized in the placenta of pepper fruit. Various factors, including drought, limit pepper production. Flowering is one of the most sensitive stages affected by drought stress. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on different pepper genotypes at the flowering and pod formation stages. Hot pepper (Pusajuala and Ghotki) and Bell pepper (Green Wonder and PPE-311) genotypes were subjected to drought (35% field capacity) at two different stages (flowering (DF) and pod formation (DP) stage). In comparison, control plants were maintained at 65% field capacity. The data regarding flowering survival rates, antioxidant protein activity, and proline content, were collected. Results indicated that parameters like flower survival percentage, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight had significant differences among the genotypes in both treatments. A high proline level was observed in Green Wonder at the pod formation stage compared to other genotypes. Capsaicin contents of hot pepper genotypes were affected at the pod formation stage. Antioxidants like GPX were highly active (190 units) in Ghotki at pod formation. Bell pepper genotypes had a high APX activity, highly observed (100 units) in PPE-311 at pod formation, and significantly differ from hot pepper genotypes. In the catalase case, all the genotypes had the highest values in DP compared to control and DF, but Pusajuala (91 units) and Green Wonder (83 units) performed best compared to other genotypes. Overall, the results indicate that drought stress decreased reproductive growth parameters and pungency of pepper fruit as most of the plant energy was consumed in defense molecules (antioxidants). Therefore, water availability at the flowering and pod formation stage is critical to ensure good yield and pepper quality.

scholarly journals Effect AF Reduced Irrigation on Flowering, Fruit Set and Yield of Indeterminate Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 932-936
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Drought stress has become an important limiting factor for tomato growth and yield. To evaluate the effect of water stress on the productivity nine tomato genotypes were grown in a field at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute under two watering regimes - optimum and 50% reduced. Flower number, fruit number, fruit weight and flower abortion rate were measured. The studied tomato genotypes showed different behavior in response to drought stress. A decrease of flower number, fruit number and fruit weight from 2nd to 5th trusses was observed in scarcity. Water stress reduced the flower number by 25% and fruit number by 58% compared to the control plants. The highest reduction of the fruit weight of 76.1% and 78.3% respectively was registered in the 4th and 5th trusses.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Proteome Analysis for Understanding Abiotic Stress (Salinity and Drought) Tolerance in Date Palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddad A. El Rabey ◽  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki ◽  
Khalid O. Abulnaja ◽  
Wolfgang Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress

This study was carried out to study the proteome of date palm under salinity and drought stress conditions to possibly identify proteins involved in stress tolerance. For this purpose, three-month-old seedlings of date palm cultivar “Sagie” were subjected to drought (27.5 g/L polyethylene glycol 6000) and salinity stress conditions (16 g/L NaCl) for one month. DIGE analysis of protein extracts identified 47 differentially expressed proteins in leaves of salt- and drought-treated palm seedlings. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 12 proteins; three out of them were significantly changed under both salt and drought stress, while the other nine were significantly changed only in salt-stressed plants. The levels of ATP synthase alpha and beta subunits, an unknown protein and some of RubisCO fragments were significantly changed under both salt and drought stress conditions. Changes in abundance of superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll A-B binding protein, light-harvesting complex1 protein Lhca1, RubisCO activase, phosphoglycerate kinase, chloroplast light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, phosphoribulokinase, transketolase, RubisCO, and some of RubisCO fragments were significant only for salt stress.

scholarly journals Exploration of physiological and biochemical processes of canola with exogenously applied fertilizers and plant growth regulators under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260960
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahran Aslam ◽  
Fozia Farhat ◽  
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui ◽  
Shafquat Yasmeen ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Contents

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regimes (60, 100, 120, 150 mm evaporations). Water stress enhanced peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents as well as leaf temperature while substantially reduced leaf water contents (21%), stomatal conductance (50%), chlorophyll contents (10–67%), membrane stability index (24%) and grain yield (30%) of canola. However, the combined application of NPK and PGR further increased the enzymatic antioxidant pool, soluble sugars, along with recovery of leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and membrane stability index but decreased the proline contents and leaf temperature at different rate of evaporation. There is positive interaction of applied elicitors to the water stress in canola except leaf area. The outcomes depicted that the combination of NPK with PGRs improved the various morpho-physiological as well as biochemical parameters and reduced the pressure of chemical fertilizers cost about 60%. It had also reduced the deleterious effect of water limitation on the physiology and grain yield and oil contents of canola in field experiments.

scholarly journals COLD SHOCK DOMAIN PROTEIN 3 is involved in salt and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

FEBS Open Bio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Hee Kim ◽  
Shunya Sato ◽  
Kentaro Sasaki ◽  
Wataru Saburi ◽  
Hirokazu Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Cold Shock Domain ◽  
Domain Protein
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