scholarly journals Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Rana ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Saima Saeed ◽  
Asma Gulzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Pepper Fruit

Pepper is one of the most important vegetables and spices in the world. Principal pungency is contributed by secondary metabolites called capsaicinoids, mainly synthesized in the placenta of pepper fruit. Various factors, including drought, limit pepper production. Flowering is one of the most sensitive stages affected by drought stress. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on different pepper genotypes at the flowering and pod formation stages. Hot pepper (Pusajuala and Ghotki) and Bell pepper (Green Wonder and PPE-311) genotypes were subjected to drought (35% field capacity) at two different stages (flowering (DF) and pod formation (DP) stage). In comparison, control plants were maintained at 65% field capacity. The data regarding flowering survival rates, antioxidant protein activity, and proline content, were collected. Results indicated that parameters like flower survival percentage, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight had significant differences among the genotypes in both treatments. A high proline level was observed in Green Wonder at the pod formation stage compared to other genotypes. Capsaicin contents of hot pepper genotypes were affected at the pod formation stage. Antioxidants like GPX were highly active (190 units) in Ghotki at pod formation. Bell pepper genotypes had a high APX activity, highly observed (100 units) in PPE-311 at pod formation, and significantly differ from hot pepper genotypes. In the catalase case, all the genotypes had the highest values in DP compared to control and DF, but Pusajuala (91 units) and Green Wonder (83 units) performed best compared to other genotypes. Overall, the results indicate that drought stress decreased reproductive growth parameters and pungency of pepper fruit as most of the plant energy was consumed in defense molecules (antioxidants). Therefore, water availability at the flowering and pod formation stage is critical to ensure good yield and pepper quality.

Recurrent parent phenome recovery analysis in six different populations with the introgression of genetic male sterile gene ms10 from hot pepper to heat tolerant bell pepper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menisha Rani ◽  
Salesh Kumar Jindal ◽  
Om Prakash Meena
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Abstract Backcrossing is one of the most commonly used breeding methods to transfer target trait(s) into a bell pepper inbreds. We attempted for the first time to transfer genetic male sterile (GMS) ms10 gene from the donor parent MS-12, popular GMS line in India, into the genetic background of six heat tolerant bell pepper inbreds, in restricted generations through the marker-assisted selection (MAS) and backcross breeding method, to develop new GMS lines in bell pepper. In this project, the recurrent parent phenome (RPP) recovery was analyzed in each generations of backcrossing using economic phenotypic markers. Phenotypic background analysis revealed that the extent of RPP recovery ranged from 43.59% (MSSM-1) to 66.26% (MSSM-21) and 70.89% (MSSM-17) to 92.09% (MSSM-21) for fruit weight, from 19.0% (MSSM-21) to 55.14% (MSSM-3) and 61.0% (MSSM-21) to 98.75% (MSSM-1) for number of lobes fruit− 1, from 55.77% (MSSM-17) to 94.25% (MSSM-2) and 69.83% (MSSM-17) to 98.26% (MSSM-3) for total fruit yield plant− 1 in BC1F1 and BC2F1 populations, respectively. Based on a paired 't' test analysis in BC2F1 population, out of six, the MSSM-1 and MSSM-2 generation was shown to be non-significant for all 19 studied traits followed by MSSM-3 (18), indicating a successful recovery of the recipient genome through marker-assisted backcross breeding after successful introgression of the ms10 gene. The GMS lines developed from this project will be utilized in bell pepper breeding programs aimed to identify the best cross-combination for their cultivation under north-Indian plains.

Effect of Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Timing and Rates in Bell Pepper and Yellow Squash

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
Hunter Smith
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

As dicamba resistance traits become more common in agronomic crops, the potential for off-site movement also increases. Little is known of how common vegetable crops will respond to dicamba drift. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dicamba and glyphosate drift on bell pepper and squash growth as a function of application timing. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with two timings by three rates and a nontreated check. The two timings were early bloom and midbloom (during bloom when fruit were present). The three rates were glyphosate at 21 + dicamba at 14 g ha−1, glyphosate at 10 + dicamba at 7 g ha−1, and glyphosate at 7 + dicamba 5 at g ha−1. Herbicides were applied with a controlled droplet applicator calibrated to deliver 2.34 L ha−1. In squash, crop injury was 26 to 31% at 3 DAT and 48 to 65% at 17 DAT. However, no differences were measured among application timings or rates for fruit weight or number at individual harvest or season total. Bell pepper injury ranged between 0 and 8% from 3 to 17 DAT and was not significantly different than the nontreated. However, large, Fancy, marketable, and total bell pepper fruit number were greater in the nontreated than glyphosate at 21 + dicamba 14 at g ha−1and glyphosate at 10 + dicamba at 7 g ha−1both years. The three rates of dicamba + glyphosate had a greater number and weight of cull fruit compared to the number of fruit in the nontreated plots. The cull fruit were shorter with a flattened appearance. Leaving bell pepper fruit on the plants longer may result in small and medium fruit becoming large or Fancy grade bell pepper fruit.

Response of growth and nitrogen fixation to pod elimination of three annual Medicago species submitted to drought and subsequent recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Farzaneh Fakhari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

This research examined the effect of pod elimination on growth and N2 fixation ability in three annual Medicago species during drought stress and subsequent recovery. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments included annual Medicago species, presence or removal of the pod, and water stress at four levels: 100% (as a control), 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity (FC) during the period of stress. The results showed that annual Medicago species can be considered as semi-drought tolerant species and their recovery ability from mild and moderate drought stress is relatively good. M. polymorpha performed better and showed higher recovery ability in comparison with other tested species. The results of this study showed that elimination of pods from annual Medicago species before sowing enhanced seedling performance under drought stress. However, the effect of pod elimination showed higher significance on growth parameters than nitrogen fixation. The information from this research would be useful for better understanding the physiological basis of changes in drought resistance, as well as targeted breeding programs, to improve the performance of annual Medicago species under conditions of limited or scarce water supply.

scholarly journals Probing the responses of four chicory ecotypes by ethylene accumulation and growth characteristics under drought stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Kimiya Ghanaatiyan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Induced Changes

Water deficit is the largest limiting abiotic factor in agriculture and will increase in future. Evaluating the drought stress-induced changes in growth parameters as well as the leaves ethylene accumulation of medicinal plants to grow these in arid and semi-arid areas has particular importance. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a famous medicinal herbal plant which grows in most parts of Iran. A factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of drought stress [100 (as a control), 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity (FC)] on morphophysiological parameters as well as the leaves ethylene accumulation of four chicory ecotypes. The results showed a significant effect of drought on plant height, leaf area, shoot moisture content and total dry matter production of chicory ecotypes which were reduced under drought stress. Under increasing drought level the Siyah Shiraz (Kh) ecotype performed better by maintaining more growth characters, thereby leading to more production of dry matter than the other ecotypes. Isfahan ecotype was the most affected by rising tensions and showed more reduction in growth traits. Drought stress also considerably changed leaf ethylene content, that made the leaf ethylene biosynthesis to be significantly higher under severe (60 and 40% FC) stress when compared to control (100% FC) and was significantly higher in drought-tolerant chicory ecotype (Kh). In general, it can be concluded that (Kh) was superior to other ecotypes in terms of growth and leaves ethylene accumulation, and can be suitable for cultivation in arid regions.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES OF SERBIAN CONSUMERS TOWARDS DIFFERENT PEPPER FRUITS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Đ Danojević ◽  
Svetlana Glogovac ◽  
Sladjana Medic-Pap ◽  
Djordje Moravcevic
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Fruit Type ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
The World ◽  
Hot Peppers

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the major vegetable species in the world. In Balkan cuisines, as well as in Serbia, pepper has a very diverse use. Knowledge about consumers habits and preferences is of great importance for a breeding process as well as in the market-orientated production. Because of the lack of information about consumers preferences towards pepper types, in the Serbian market, the present research was conducted. Four hundred and two participants, classified into groups, according to gender, age and education, answered the survey questions. According to this research, the most preferred pepper type in Serbia is kapia, while the bell pepper is the second chosen type. Also, obtained results showed that the most favourite colour of pepper fruit is red. There is a tendency in higher importance of fruit type than fruit colour. The highest percentage of hot pepper consumers prefer medium hot peppers. The obtained trend shows that women generally prefer less spicy pepper fruits than men.

scholarly journals 210 Effects of Salt and Water Stress on the Growth and Photosynthesis Rate of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 427C-427
Author(s):  
J.A. Larrinaga-Mayoral ◽  
E. Troyo-Dieguez ◽  
M. Toyota ◽  
B. Murillo-Amador
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress

Salt and water stress affect in a significant way most common horticultural crops in northwest Mexico, where bell pepper, hot pepper, and tomato are the most important vegetable crops. Growth rate (GR) and physiological traits in bell pepper were analyzed under salt and drought stress. Two cultivars of bell pepper, `Hungarian Yellow' (HY) and `Sta. Fe Grande' (SG), were evaluated. GR in both cultivars was decreased by salt and drought stress interaction. Salt concentration in the irrigation water affected the amount of dry matter in the plant tissue. Relative growth ratio (RGR), net assimilation ratio (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and photosynthesis rate (Pn) decreased in a correlated amount to the salt NaCl content in the experiment (0, 80, and 160 mm). Differences in the RGR under salt and drought stress between SG and HY were significant. The observed decrease in RGR was explained by NAR and LAR, where RGR was more affected by NAR than LAR. Similarly, the decrease in NAR was explained by C/F and Pn, indicating that NAR was more affected by Pn than C/F. The difference in observed NAR between both cultivars was understood by difference in C/F. Finally, a high relation of C/F in SG cultivar under salt and drought stress was caused by a physiological use of photosynthetic products, causing a significant decrease in NAR in the cultivar HY. This difference in NAR was found to be the factor that affected RGR in both cultivars.

scholarly journals A differential capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under well-watered conditions and its relationship with drought stress mitigation in unimproved vs. improved soybean genotypes

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Soraya Salloum ◽  
María Florencia Menduni ◽  
Celina Mercedes Luna
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Modern breeding programs may cause a reduction in plant responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that responses such as higher arbuscule formation and mycorrhizal dependency (MD) in unimproved soybean genotypes than in improved genotypes is related to drought stress tolerance caused by enhanced growth parameters and oxidative stress regulation. Firstly, four unimproved and four improved soybean genotypes were compared under well-watered conditions. After 20 days, all of the unimproved soybean genotypes showed increased arbuscule formation, as well as a positive and higher MD index in foliar mineral nutrient and growth parameters compared with the four improved genotypes. Secondly, tolerance to drought stress was evaluated in the two improved soybean genotypes and the two unimproved genotypes selected for the most contrasting response to arbuscule formation under well-watered conditions. After 20 days of 30% of field capacity, arbuscule formation was higher in the unimproved than improved genotypes. Mycorrhizal dependency evaluated as leaf area as well as shoot and root dry mass were highest in the unimproved AM genotypes. Moreover, levels of malondiadehide were lower and proline was higher in the unimproved rather than the improved genotypes. The potential capacity of arbuscule formation is discussed as a selection criterion to identify improved soybean genotypes with increased efficiency under well-watered conditions and an enhanced capacity to relieve drought stress.

scholarly journals Cultivar and Plant Arrangement Effects on Yield and Fruit Quality of Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1565-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Single- and double-row arrangements of a fixed population (one plant every 0.285 m2) were compared in factorial combination with two (2002) or five (2003) cultivars for effects on yield and fruit quality of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Arrangements for 2002 were S30, single rows 0.95 m apart, plants within rows 30 cm apart; D30, 1.9 m between centers of double-row beds, double rows 30 cm apart on beds, plants within rows 30 cm apart; S37.5, single rows 0.76 m apart, plants within rows 37.5 cm apart; and D37.5, 1.52 m between centers of double-row beds, double rows 24 cm apart on beds, plants within rows 37.5 cm apart. Only the S30 and D30 arrangements were used in 2003 after 2002 results showed almost no differences between S30 and S37.5 or between D30 and D37.5. Choice of cultivar was more critical in Texas, where `X3R Wizard' consistently outperformed `King Arthur', than in Oklahoma. Single rows resulted in more full-season total marketable fruit weight than double rows in three experiments out of four, primarily as a result of an increased weight of U.S. No. 1 fruit with single rows. Average weight per marketable fruit was consistently unaffected by plant arrangement. Single rows also resulted in a greater full-season weight of sunburned fruit than double rows in two experiments out of four. Cultivar × plant arrangement interactions were not evident in Oklahoma and never involved full-season marketable fruit weights at either location in either year. Given the tested population, a single-row arrangement is likely to result in increased full-season production of U.S. No. 1 bell pepper fruit compared with a double-row arrangement, despite an increased potential for sunburned fruit with single rows.

scholarly journals Korelasi dan Analisis Lintas Beberapa Karakter Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) pada Kondisi Normal dan Tercekam Kekeringan (Correlations and Path Analysis of Some Characters in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Under Normal and Drought Stress)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
NFN - Rosmaina ◽  
NFN Sobir ◽  
NFN Parjanto ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Field

<p>Cekaman air merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman termasuk cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Produktivitas tanaman merupakan karakter yang kompleks sehingga hubungan antarkarakter perlu diketahui untuk mendapatkan kriteria seleksi yang tepat untuk perbaikan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kriteria seleksi terhadap produksi tanaman cabai toleran kekeringan pada fase pembungaan. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga taraf cekaman air, yaitu 100% kapasitas lapang (kontrol), 50% kapasitas lapang (medium stress), dan 25% kapasitas lapang (extreme stress). Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa berbagai karakter yang diamati memperlihatkan perbedaan asosiasi dengan level cekaman kekeringan. Karakter panjang akar tidak dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi tanaman cabai yang toleran terhadap kekeringan karena panjang akar tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan bobot buah per tanaman pada 50% dan 25% kapasitas lapang. Berdasarkan korelasi dan analisis lintas pada kondisi normal (100% kapasitas lapang) dan kondisi tercekam (50% kapasitas lapang), karakter jumlah buah dan persentase fruit set berkorelasi positif dan berpengaruh langsung terhadap bobot buah per tanaman sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan tanaman cabai yang toleran kekeringan.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Cekaman air; Cekaman kekeringan; Kriteria seleksi; Cabai; Capsicum annuum L</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Water stress is one of limiting factors for plant growth and production, including chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant productivity is a complex character so the relationship between characters needs to be known to get the right selection criteria for crop improvement. This study aimed to determine the selection criteria for the production of drought-tolerant chili pepper at the flowering phase. The research arranged under completely randomized design with three levels of water stress, namely 100% water field capacity (control), 50% water field capacity (medium stress) and 25% water field capacity (extreme stress). The results of the correlation analysis showed that the various characters observed exhibited differences associations with drought stress levels. Root length cannot be used for selection criterium of drought tolerant on chili because it was no positive significantly correlated to fruit weight per plant at 50% and 25% water field capacity. Based on correlation and path analysis in normal and drought conditions, the number of fruits and percentage of fruit set can be used as selection criteria for genetic improvement of drought-tolerant on chili plants because these characters were significantly positively correlated and had a direct effect on fruit weight of the plant.</p>

scholarly journals Respon pertumbuhan vegetatif padi varietas IPB 4S pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan

Agromix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Nasrudin Nasrudin ◽  
Efrin Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

Drought stress affected growth and decreases rice yield. The use of high yielding varieties and drought tolerance is a strategic step that can be applied during drought stress. The aim of this research was to examine the response of the growth of IPB 4S rice varieties on planting media with drought stress during vegetative phase. The research used a nonfactorial Completely Randomized Design with six levels: field capacity, 10% of field capacity, 20% of field capacity, 30% of field capacity, 40% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity. The treatments were repeated three times. The growth parameters were plant high, number of tiller, leaf color, leaf area, root length, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, and biomass. The results showed that the drought stress significantly different to leaf area, root length, canopy dry weight, and biomass but were not significantly different to plant height, number of tiller, leaf color, dan root dry weight. Increased of drought stress 30 to 50% of field capacity decreased of leaf area, canopy dry weight, and biomass, but increased root length.

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