scholarly journals Managing Nitrogen, Potassium, and Boron in New Guinea Impatiens: Is More Better?

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 777B-777
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay* ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
Jonathan M. Locke ◽  
Charles Krause
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Insight Into

Growers tend to over fertilize their plants as a way to minimize the likelihood of encountering nutrient deficiencies that would reduce the quality of their plants. Much of the nutrition literature focuses on the nutritional extremes namely of toxicity and deficiency. Once plants get to this stage, little can be done to correct the problem. Characteristics of plant performance in super-optimal conditions, yet below toxic levels, is less well known, and needs to be developed to help growers identify problems in their production practices before they impact sales. New Guinea Impatiens were grown over a wide range of N, K, and B levels, from 15% to 400% full strength Hoagland's solution for each nutrient after establishing transplanted rooted cuttings in a peat: perlite soilless media. Plants were grown for four weeks during treatment, during which time the flowers were pinched. After only 2 weeks of treatment, plants with 200% and 400% N were significantly shorter than control plants and plants with 15% N. Reflectance measurements and photographs were made twice a week. At the end of the four weeks, plant tissue was analyzed for form of N, root development and structure, and leaf area. Tissue samples were also analyzed with SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis to determine changes in nutrient location and tissue structure. This data provides insight into the nutrition economy of plants in general, tests the use of reflectance spectrometry as a method of detecting super-optimal fertilizer concentrations, and will help growers optimize their fertilization requirements to reduce production costs yet maintain high plant quality.

scholarly journals Identifying the Optimal Application Rate of Three Fertilizers Used to Grow New Guinea Impatiens

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
A.K. Ostrom ◽  
C.C. Pasian
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

This manuscript describes the effect of controlled-release, and water-soluble fertilizers on the growth and quality of New Guinea impatiens (NGI) (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.). Three different fertilizers were applied at three rates each in order to investigate their effect on growth and quality of ‘Paradise New Red.’ NGI. Fertilizer treatments included 1) a 20-4.4-16.6 water-soluble fertilizer (WSF), 2) a 10-1.8-2.5 soybean-based fertilizer (SBF), and 3) a 15-4-10, three-to four-month longevity controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). CRF was applied as a pre-plant at 1×, 0.75×, and 0.5× the label rate. WSF and SBF fertigation rates of 75, 150, and 250 mg·L−1 N (75, 150, and 250 ppm N), respectively, were used based on a common range of fertigation rates in a greenhouse setting from what is considered relatively low, moderate, and high for NGI production. Plants were irrigated or fertigated by hand every 1 to 5 days as needed, based on environmental conditions and plant size, with either approximately 300 mL (10.4 oz) of either tap water or a fertilizer solution. SPAD readings, above ground plant weight, consumer preference ratings, and cumulative flower number were measured and used to calculate a quality index (QI). Optimal fertilizer rates as determined by the QI were found to be 1) CRF at 7.11 kg·m−3 (11.8 lb·yd−3), 2) SBF at 150 mg·L−1 (150 ppm) N, and 3) WSF at 75 mg·L−1 (75 ppm) N. With the application method used in this work, the WSF was more efficient than the SBF because it produced high quality plants with less fertilizer applied. While for the most part overall consumer preference ratings coincided with plant dry weight, there were some exceptions, indicating that consumers can prefer plants that are not necessary the largest as indicated by their dry weights. Consumer preferences may not coincide with typical plant parameters of plant growth all the time. Consumer preferences should be always considered in an industry that sell its products based mainly on their appearance.

scholarly journals Opportunities to improve the measurement of audit quality: a call for collaboration between the profession and academics

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 352-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen van Raak ◽  
Ulrike Thürheimer
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Accrual Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Doubt

Audit research relies on a wide range of publicly available measures to examine which factors influence the quality of financial statement audits. While research to date has to rely largely on remote proxies due to a lack of access to proprietary data, there is considerable doubt about the validity of these proxies and the inferences drawn based on these proxies. In order to provide insight into the reliability of these measures, Rajgopal, Srinivasan & Zheng (2015) investigate whether commonly used proxies for audit quality (i.e. auditor size, abnormal audit fees, accrual quality, and the propensity to meet and beat analyst targets) are associated with deficiencies reported in SEC investigations and class-action lawsuits. Such alleged deficiencies reflect how external stakeholders assess audit performance. Their study indicates that the use of such proxies is highly problematic and that the performance of these measures, with the exception of auditor size, is poor.

scholarly journals Impact of Biocontainers on Plant Performance and Container Decomposition in the Landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youping Sun ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Andrew K. Koeser ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Victoria Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens ◽  
Container Type

As the green industry is moving toward sustainability to meet the demands of society, the use of biocontainers as alternatives to petroleum-based plastic containers has drawn significant attention. Field trials of seven plantable biocontainers (coir, manure, peat, rice hull, soil wrap, straw, and wood fiber) were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at five locations in the United States to assess the influence of direct-plant biocontainers on plant growth and establishment and the rate of container decomposition in landscape. In 2011, container type did not affect the growth of any of the three species used in this study with an exception in one location. The three species were ‘Sunpatiens Compact Magenta’ new guinea impatiens (Impatiens ×hybrida), ‘Luscious Citrus’ lantana (Lantana camara), and ‘Senorita Rosalita’ cleome (Cleome ×hybrida). In 2012, the effect of container type on plant growth varied with location and species. Cleome, new guinea impatiens, and lantana plants grown in coir and straw containers were in general smaller than those in peat, plastic, rice hull, and wood fiber containers. After 3 to 4 months in the field, manure containers had on average the highest rate of decomposition at 88% for all five locations and two growing seasons. The levels of decomposition of other containers, straw, wood fiber, soil wrap, peat, coir, and rice hull were 47%, 46%, 42%, 38%, 25%, and 18%, respectively, in descending order. Plantable containers did not hinder plant establishment and posttransplant plant growth. The impact of container type on plant growth was smaller compared with that of location (climate). Similarly, the impact of plant species on pot decomposition was smaller compared with that of pot material.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Conditioning Affects Landscape Performance of Bedding Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Latimer ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Abstract Conditioning treatments were evaluated for effects on growth of bedding plants during greenhouse production and carryover effects on plant performance in the landscape. Treatments included two fertilization regimes using a complete water soluble fertilizer applied three times/week at 500 ppm N, designated ‘high N’, or at 50 ppm N, designated the ‘low N’ treatment. Other treatments included: ebb and flow irrigation, drought stress for up to 2 h wilt/day, 5000 ppm B-Nine (daminozide), 45 ppm Bonzi (paclobutrazol; 180 ppm on columbine), and brushing (40 strokes twice daily). Unless otherwise noted all plants, including controls, were maintained well-irrigated and fertilized with 250 ppm N three times/week. Marigolds and New Guinea impatiens grown under low N during greenhouse production exhibited reduced plant height and width relative to control plants at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) in the landscape. Plant quality ratings of all species conditioned with low N were lower than those of controls 2 and 4 WAP. Plant height of New Guinea impatiens conditioned with high N was greater than that of controls 4 WAP in the landscape. Marigolds subjected to drought in the greenhouse were still shorter than controls 2 and 4 WAP. Persistent height reductions in the landscape in response to B-Nine were observed in ageratum 2 and 4 WAP and to Bonzi in New Guinea impatiens through 8 WAP. Brushing reduced the height of all species except ageratum in the greenhouse, but had no carryover effect on plant growth in the landscape. At 4 weeks after treatment, plant height of columbine treated with low or high N, drought, brushing, or B-Nine was reduced relative to controls, but all plants were similar in size in the landscape.

scholarly journals Production and Postproduction Performance of Two New Guinea Impatiens Cultivars Grown with Controlled-release Fertilizer and No Leaching

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren L. Haver ◽  
Ursula K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Light Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the minimum controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate and the lowest constant medium moisture required to produce the highest quality plants and 2) if this production system affected quality of these plants under two postproduction light levels. Two New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens sp. hybrids) `Illusion' and `Blazon' (Lasting Impressions Series) differing in salt tolerance were grown for 42 days with a CRF at three rates (3.3, 6.6, or 9.9 g/pot) and two medium moisture levels (low or high) without leaching. The high moisture level (tension setpoints of 1 to 3 kPa) and 6.6 g of CRF/pot produced optimum biomass. Low medium moisture (tension setpoints of 4 to 6 kPa) reduced leaf area, leaf number, leaf N content, root, stem, and leaf dry masses as CRF rate increased from low to high for `Illusion'. Similar results in `Blazon' were observed as CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass decreased no further at the high rate of 9.9 g/pot. Biomass increased in both cultivars under high medium moisture when CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass of `Illusion' decreased at 9.9 g/pot, although no symptoms of salt sensitivity were observed (i.e., leaf tip burn). `Blazon' maintained a similar biomass when amended with 9.9 or 6.6 g CRF/pot, although electrical conductivity (EC) in the medium was 5.9 dS·m-1 in the upper half and 4.1 dS·m-1 in the lower half of the medium at the end of production. Growth of `Illusion' responded more favorably to postproduction light levels that were similar to those of production regardless of treatment imposed during production. Similar biomass responses occurred for `Blazon' regardless of the postproduction light level.

Spectroscopic Properties of Herbig-Haro Flows

1997 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Böhm ◽  
Anthony P. Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Plane Shock ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
High Ionization ◽  
Shock Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hh Objects ◽  
Insight Into

While recent studies of Herbig-Haro (HH) objects have focused less on the details of their spectra than on the hydrodynamics of jets and their working surfaces, many open questions concerning these spectra remain. Attempts to quantitatively explain a wide range of lines for many HH objects point to discrepancies between theory and observation. Some lines (specifically [S II](6716+6731)) are much stronger than predicted by simple plane-shock and bow-shock models, while in general high ionization lines (e.g. lines of [O III], [Ne III] and [S III] in the optical and the [C IV] and [N V] in the ultra-violet) are much weaker than expected, pointing to difficulties with current models. On the other hand, examination of these lines has lent new insight into both the quality of our predictions and the nature of HH outflows. Examination of many Fe lines have demonstrated that our ability to estimate abundances from faint lines is surprisingly good (or surprisingly consistent). Position velocity diagrams have also been constructed (using forbidden emission lines), allowing outflows to be mapped to within 0.″3 arcseconds of the source star.

Low Substrate pH–Induced Iron/Manganese Toxicity of New Guinea Impatiens: A Diagnostic Guide

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen ◽  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
Josh B. Henry ◽  
Paul Cockson ◽  
Hunter Landis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens ◽  
Substrate Ph

New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) are popular bedding plants, but the knowledge of diagnosing abiotic disorders during greenhouse production is evolving. Symptomology of nutrient deficiencies and excessive fertilization have been extensively documented. Exact symptomology of low substrate pH (<5.5) and toxic iron (Fe) and/or manganese (Mn) leaf tissue levels are not defined or photographed, thereby aiding in diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of the diagnostic guide was to photograph symptomology and document the tissue levels in New Guinea impatiens to provide a definitive guide of low substrate pH–induced Fe and/or Mn toxicity.

scholarly journals Consumer Color Preference in New Guinea Impatiens

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Berghage ◽  
D.J. Wolnick
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Impatiens Hawkeri ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens ◽  
Insight Into

Potential consumers were surveyed in the spring of 1996 to gain insight into preferences for flower and leaf color in New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.). Survey participants indicated a preference for bright solid colors, and bicolor flowers. The most preferred solid flower colors were red-violet, and red. The least preferred solid flower colors were pink and blush. Potential consumers ranked bicolor flowers over their solid color counterparts. Red and variegated foliage were preferred to solid green. Foliage with solid red upper or lower surfaces were preferred 2:1 over variegated foliage.

scholarly journals Dementia, death and advance directives

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN WOLFF
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Advance Directives ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Decisions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
At Home

AbstractThis article considers the ethics of advance directives, especially in relation to conditions such as dementia. For some choices, such as over whether one's life should end at home or in a hospice, advance directives can be very enlightened and helpful. For others, such as those to end the life of an autonomous subject, against their will, have no moral appeal and would rightly be ignored. In a wide range of intermediate cases, given our typical lack of insight into how changes in our health condition will affect us in other ways, we should be very cautious indeed in promoting the use of advance directives in end-of-life decisions, at least where a reasonable quality of life remains. There may be some reasons for giving priority to the earlier autonomous self over a later, contented but non-autonomous self, but these reasons seem far from compelling.

scholarly journals Impact of Applied Nitrogen Concentration on Growth of Elatior Begonia and New Guinea Impatiens and Susceptibility of Begonia to Botrytis cinerea

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
James C. Locke ◽  
Charles R. Krause ◽  
George C. J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Plant performance and appearance in deficient and toxic levels of nutrients are well characterized. However, less is known about the potential subtleties of plant growth, form, development, nutrient uptake, and biotic stress tolerance in the broad tolerable range. Begonia [Beg (Begonia × tuberhybrida Voss)] and new guinea impatiens [NGI (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.)] were grown over a wide range of N (from 1.78 to 57.1 mm NH4:NO3 ratio at a 1:1 ratio supplied as nutrient solution) in a peat:perlite soilless substrate in greenhouse conditions. Plant growth, development, chlorophyll content, leaf angle, nutrient uptake, tissue caloric value, and susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. disease were evaluated in two experiments. Elevated N supply resulted in decreased plant height (16% in Beg and 7% to 16% in NGI), flower count (3% to 48% in Beg and 7% to 49% in NGI), bud numbers (23% to 80% in Beg), canopy area (11% to 33% in NGI), and mass (21% to 33% in Beg and 18% to 58% in NGI). Chlorophyll content saturated at an N supply of 28.6 mm. N uptake efficiency, shoot N use efficiency, and shoot N utilization efficiency decreased with increasing N supply. Elevated levels of N supply from 7.15 to 57.1 mm also increased the susceptibility of Beg to B. cinerea disease by 10% to 80% in stems and 3% to 14% in leaves. The increase in susceptibility also corresponded with increased tissue energy content (kJ·g−1) and altered leaf orientation. This study indicates many plant changes occur between nutrient extremes that can have a significant impact on growth, development, and the ability to withstand disease.

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