scholarly journals Balancing Act: Effects of Fertilizer and Uniconazole on Growth of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 824D-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Scoggins* ◽  
Joyce G. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Increasing fertilizer levels may reduce production time but can lead to excessive growth of herbaceous perennials, requiring the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs). This study investigated the effects of ascending fertilizer rates in conjunction with two rates of uniconazole and a control. Rooted liners of Artemisia arborescens L. `Powis Castle', Artemisia vulgaris L. `Oriental Limelight, Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. `Pumila', Filipendula rubra (Hill) Robinson `Venusta' and Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. were potted with controlled-release fertilizer (15N-3.9P-10K) incorporated at 2.4, 4.72, and 7.11 kg·m-3. A single foliar spray application of uniconazole was applied two weeks after transplanting at a volume of 210 mL·m-3 and two rates from 15 to 60 mg·L-1 plus a control (species-dependent). Plant height and width were measured at 2,4,6, and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). No interactions between fertilizer rate and uniconazole were observed. Main effects varied by species. The application of uniconazole controlled height and width of Artemisia `Oriental Limelight' and Astilbe for the duration of the experiment. Height, width, and dry weight of Artemisia `Oriental Limelight' increased with ascending fertilizer rates while Astilbe was not affected. Growth of Filipendula and Artemisia `Powis Castle' was unresponsive to uniconazole, though dry weight was reduced for both at the lowest fertilizer rate. Uniconazole provided height control of Perovskia, but the effect did not persist beyond 6 WAT. Ascending fertilizer rates increased Perovskia dry weight but not height.

scholarly journals Increased Fertilizer Levels Do Not Prevent Abscisic Acid–Induced Chlorosis in Pansy

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Jong-Goo Kang ◽  
Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽  
Sue K. Dove ◽  
Geoffrey M. Weaver ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in regulating stomatal responses to environmental stress. By inducing stomatal closure, applications of exogenous ABA can reduce plant water use and delay the onset of drought stress when plants are not watered. However, ABA can also cause unwanted side effects, including chlorosis. Pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana) has been shown to be particularly susceptible to ABA-induced chlorosis. The objective of this study was to determine if fertilization rate affects the severity of ABA-induced chlorosis in this species. ‘Delta Premium Pure Yellow’ pansy seedlings were fertilized with controlled-release fertilizer incorporated at rates from 0 to 8 g·L−1 of substrate. When plants had reached a salable size, half the plants were sprayed with a solution containing 1 g·L−1 ABA, whereas the other plants were sprayed with water. Leaf chlorophyll content was monitored for 2 weeks following ABA application. Leaf chlorophyll content increased greatly as fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 2 g·L−1, with little increase in leaf chlorophyll at even higher fertilizer rates. ABA induced chlorosis, irrespective of the fertilizer rate. Plant dry weight was lowest when no controlled-release fertilizer was incorporated, but similar in all fertilized treatments. ABA treatment reduced shoot dry weight by ≈24%, regardless of fertilization rate. This may be due to ABA-induced stomatal closure, which limits carbon dioxide (CO2) diffusion into the leaves. We conclude that ABA sprays induce chlorosis, regardless of which fertilizer rate is used. However, because leaf chlorophyll concentration increases with increasing fertilizer rates, higher fertilizer rates can mask ABA-induced chlorosis.

HEIGHT CONTROL OF POT CHRYSANTHEMUMS WITH PRE- AND POST-PLANT TREATMENTS OF DAMINOZIDE AND UNICONAZOLE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. HICKLENTON
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Higher Doses

This study investigated the effects of growth retardants uniconazole [(E) - (p-chlorohenyl) -4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and daminozide (butanedioic acid mono 2,2-dimethylhydrazide) on three chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cultivars. Uniconazole applied as a soil drench (0.02 mg a.i. pot−1) or foliar spray (0.014 mg a.i. pot−1) 10 d after removal of the shoot tip reduced plant height at harvest in cultivars Deep Luv, Tip and Tara. Higher doses of uniconazole resulted in further plant height reduction in Tip and Tara but not in Deep Luv. Daminozide spray (14 mg a.i. pot) and uniconazole spray (0.028 or 0.056 mg a.i. pot−1) produced plants of similar height. Pre-plant dips of both growth retardants were less effective than sprays or drenches in controlling height. Flower area and flower dry weight were reduced with uniconazole drench and spray, and daminozide spray in each cultivar. Shoot dry weight was similarly affected in Tip and Tara but not in Deep Luv. Flowering was delayed in each cultivar by post-plant treatments of uniconazole drench and spray and by daminozide spray (0.08, 0.014 and 14 mg a.i. pot−1, respectively), and by daminozide and uniconazole pre-plant dips (5.0 mg L−1 and 4000 mg L−1, respectively).Key words: Sumagic, XE-1019, B-Nine, Alar, Chrysanthemum × morifolium, Dendanthema grandiflora

scholarly journals 504 PB 242 EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION METHOD AND CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER RATE ON LEACHATE AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 503f-503
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Bruning ◽  
Michael H. Chaplin ◽  
Henry G. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Liquid Fertilization

Ground water contamination resulting from continuous liquid fertilization technologies is a serious problem facing greenhouse growers in the United States. Rooted Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. cultivar 'Iridon' cuttings were transplanted into 11 cm pots filled with a 50% peatmoss and 50% perlite (v/v) media containing 0.10, 0.21, 0.42, or 0.84 g N from a controlled release 12-10-17 plus minors fertilizer deposited directly below the transplanted cutting. Pots were assigned to a top-water or subirrigation treatment. Subirrigation reduced the nitrate leachate concentration by as much as 250 ppm as compared with top-watering. Fertilizer N rate linearly decreased plant height in both of the irrigation treatments. Final dry weight of the shoot peaked at the 0.21 g N rate in both the irrigation treatments.

scholarly journals CHRYSANTHEMUM RESPONSE TO TIMING OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND UNICONAZOLE SPRAY APPLICATION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088b-1088
Author(s):  
David A. Gilbertz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Flower Diameter

Spray applications of uniconazole (UC) or paclobutrazol (PB) were applied 0, 2, or 4 weeks after pinching Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). `Bright Golden Anne' cuttings planted 4 per 15 cm pot. Cuttings were controlled to 3 shoots each, averaging 5.4 and 14.9 cm at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.Final height was affected interactively by week of application and chemical treatment. Treatment at pinch caused less stem elongation than later treatments, probably due to persistence of PB and UC activity until flowering. At week 4, 67% of stem elongation had already occurred and, therefore, less retardation was possible. Of the 4 triazole treatments, PB at 30 mg 1-1 (20 ml per pot) applied at pinch produced heights similar to daminozide 5000 mg 1-1 applied at 2 weeks. PB at 60 mg 1-1 gave similar height control as UC 15 mg 1-1. UC 30 mg 1-1 treated plants were shortest regardless of treatment timing, averaging 16.9 cm applied week 2.Other growth data was pooled for week of application and for chemical treatment since there was no interaction. Flowering was delayd 2 days and flower dry weight was reduced up to 26% by treatment at pinch compared to later treatments. Flower diameter was only minimally affected by treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar and soil application of nitrogen on the growth and yield of wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
H Akter ◽  
S Aktar ◽  
MJ Miah ◽  
M Farazi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Application Methods

A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from November 2013 to March 2014 to examine the effect of nitrogen application methods on the growth and yield of wheat. Two application methods (Foliar spray and soil application) and three varieties viz. Sotabdi, Kanchan and BAW56 were included and experimental test crop. From the study it was found that plant height. Total tillers plant-1,effect tillers plant-1,root dry weight plant-1,grains panicle-1, 100 grain weight, grain weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1, and harvest indexwere significantly higher by foliar spray method than the soil application of nitrogen, Higher grain yield (9.01 g plant-1) was observed by the foliar spray application and lower grain yield was 6.07 g plant-1 obtained from the soil application. Among 3 varieties Sotabdi was found to be better yielding ability and produced comparatively higher plant height, total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1,root dry weight plant-1, grains panicle-1, 100 grains weight, grains weight plan-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1, in respect of harvest index values. BAW56 was observed as medium performed variety and Kanchan was the least. Regarding interaction effect of the variety Sotabdi also showed the highest plant-1, total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, grains panicle-1,100 grains weight, grains weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index by foliar spray. The results indicated that all the varieties gave higher grain yields under foliar spray application method.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 287-294, 2017

scholarly journals 561 Reduction of Fertilizer Inputs Using Earthworm Castings as a Substrate Amendment for Poinsettia Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 492D-492
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Hidalgo ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Substrate Amendment ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Better Than

Earthworm castings were evaluated to determine the effect of earthworm castings on growth of Poinsettia `Freedom Bright Red'. Castings derived from cow (CC), horse (HC), or sheep (SC) manure were combined with peatmoss at 1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, or 0:1 peat: castings (v/v). One plant was potted per 1.5-L container and were fertilized at 0, 50, 200, or 350 mg/L N in a RCB arrangement. Plant growth index at all fertilizer rates was greatest when grown in SC at 0:1, 1:3, and 1:1 and CC at 0:1 and 1:3 (peat: castings) ratios. For each of the three animal sources, no differences in growth index were observed among fertilizer rates when 100% castings was used as the substrate. Bract area was greatest on plants grown in SC at 1:0, 1:3, and 1:1 (peat: castings) ratios at all four fertilizer rates. Bract area on plants grown in CC at 0:1 and 1:3 (peat: castings) was less than SC, but better than CC at 1:1, 3:1, or 1:0 or any of the HC substrates. Plants grown in substrates with 75% or more castings all had similar bract area regardless of fertilizer rate. As castings in the substrate decreased, bract area increased as fertilizer rate increased. When fertilized at 0, 50, or 200 mg/liter N plant dry weight decreased as castings increased in the substrate. Fertilization at 350 mg/liter did not affect dry weight between substrates.

scholarly journals (41) Growth of Japanese Holly in Pine Chips and Pine Bark as Influenced by Fertilizer Rate

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027B-1027
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Jake F. Browder
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Material ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Many industrial and agricultural wastes have been evaluated for use as alternative container substrate components. Recently, a new material produced from ground pine logs (Pinus taeda L.) has been utilized as a substitute for peat moss and pine bark (PB). On 17 Aug. 2005, japanese holly (Ilex crenata `Compacta' Thunb.) plants were potted in milled PB (Pinus taeda L.) and debarked ground pine chips (PC). Pine chips were ground with a hammermill to pass through a 6.35-mm screen. Osmocote Plus 15–9–12 (15N–4P–10K) was incorporated in both PB and PC substrates at the rates of 3.5, 5.9, 8.3, and 10.6 kg·m-3. Plants were greenhouse grown until 22 Nov. 2005. Substrate solution nutrient content and pH were determined for all treatments in each substrate. Shoots were dried, weighted, and tissue analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Shoot weights were higher in plants grown in PB than PC at the 3.5 and 5.9 kg·m-3 fertilizer rates. At the 8.3 kg·m-3 rate, shoot dry weight was about the same for each substrate, but at the 10.6 kg·m-3 rate, growth was higher for plants grown in PC than in PB. Substrate EC increased with increasing fertilizer rates and with the exception of Cu, was higher in PB substrates at all fertilizer rates. Plant tissue levels generally increased as fertilizer rate increased in both substrates but were higher in plants grown in PB than PC with the exception of Cu. Therefore, higher rates of fertilizer are required to produce optimal plant growth in PC compared to PB.

scholarly journals Effect of Incorporating Controlled-release Fertilizer on Adventitious Rooting and Growth of Artemisia, Gaura, and Nepeta

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
D. Bradley Rowe ◽  
Bert M. Cregg
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Artemisia Ludoviciana ◽  
N Rates

Abstract Controlled-release fertilizer was incorporated into the rooting substrate to determine its effect on adventitious rooting and subsequent growth of three herbaceous perennials: Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Valerie Finnis,’ Gaura lindheimeri ‘Whirling Butterflies,’ and Nepeta x faassenii ‘Six Hills Giant.’ Nutrient treatments consisted of a control, and four treatments each of Nutricote® 13–13–13 Type 180 and 18–6–8 Type 180 at 3, 6, 9, and 12 g/liter (5, 10, 15, and 20 lbs/cu yd) incorporated into the rooting substrate. These treatments equate to N rates of 0, 0.38, 0.77, 1.16, 1.54, 0.53, 1.07, 1.6, and 2.13 g/liter (N at 0, 0.65, 1.3, 1.95, 2.6, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 lbs/cu yd), respectively. Incorporating controlled-release fertilizer into the rooting substrate at levels equal to or greater than 0.77 g/liter (1.3 lbs/cu yd) increased shoot dry weights, but had no effect on adventitious rooting and little influence on root number or root dry weight. This in turn influenced shoot:root ratios and potentially plant quality. There was no difference between the two formulations.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Population and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in Bako, Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Biru Sefera ◽  
Habtamu Ashagre ◽  
Thomas Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a pulse crop with multiple uses and it was introduced recently in the study area. However, its productivity is limited by inadequate plant population and NPS fertilizer rate in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out to determine optimum plant population and NPS fertilizer rates for mung bean borda varaity in Bako, Western Ethiopia. The experiment comprised of factorial combinations of four different plant populations (500000, 571429, 666667, and 800000 plants ha-1) and five NPS fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and it was laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The results indicated that main effect of plant population and NPS fertilizer rates had significant effect on phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean, except stand count, above-ground biomass, straw and seed yield, which were affected by the main factors and their interactions. Highest nodule dry weight per plant (0.14g), number of pods per plant (4.74g), seeds per pod (10.26g), 100-seed weight (3.61g), and harvest index (31.16%) were observed under minimum plant population (500,000 plants ha-1). Moreover, the highest days for 50% flowering (49.08 days), 90% physiological maturity (64.5 days), effective nodules per plant (2.28),nodule fresh weight (0.33gm), nodule dry weight (0.141g plant-1),plant height (11.10cm), number of leaves per plant (8.80), number of branches per plant (3.11), tap root length (8.99cm), number of pods per plant (4.79), seeds per pod (10.78g), 100-seed weight (3.73) and harvest index (32.98%) were observed under 200 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer. The highest stand count per hectare (780,667 plants ha−1), above-ground biomass (4,947kg ha-1), seed yield ha-1 (1,371kg ha-1) and straw yield (3,575 kg ha-1) were recorded at higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) with 200kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate (kg ha-1). However, higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) at the rate of 100 kg NPS ha-1fertilizer produced 1,325 kg ha-1seed yield which was the highest net benefit (50,080 ETB) and marginal rate of returns (5,610.8%). Therefore, application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population of 800,000 plants ha-1 can be recommended for mung bean production in the study area and similar agro-ecologes. However, the current study was carried out only in one location for one cropping season, hence further studies over many seasons and across several locations are needed to have a conclusive recommendation for wide range of agro ecologies for mung bean production.

scholarly journals Influence of Light Intensity on Optimum Fertilization Rate in Five Species of Tropical Ornamental Plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Species Optimum ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Five species of tropical ornamental plants—artillery fern (Pilea serpyllacea), pleomele (Dracaena reflexa), fishtail palm (Caryota mitis), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), and sunshine palm (Veitchia mcdanielsii)—were grown in containers under full sun, 55% shade, or 73% shade. They were fertilized every 6 months with Osmocote Plus 15-9-12 (15N-4P-10K) at rates of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g/pot (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.3 oz/pot). For pleomele and the three palm species, optimum shoot dry weights and color ratings were similar among the three light intensities tested. However, artillery fern grown in full sun required fertilizer rates at least 50% higher for optimum shoot dry weight and color than under 55% or 73% shade. Light intensit × fertilizer rate interactions were highly significant for pilea and fishtail palm color and dry weight and sunshine palm and pleomele color.

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