scholarly journals Influence of Light Intensity on Optimum Fertilization Rate in Five Species of Tropical Ornamental Plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Species Optimum ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Five species of tropical ornamental plants—artillery fern (Pilea serpyllacea), pleomele (Dracaena reflexa), fishtail palm (Caryota mitis), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), and sunshine palm (Veitchia mcdanielsii)—were grown in containers under full sun, 55% shade, or 73% shade. They were fertilized every 6 months with Osmocote Plus 15-9-12 (15N-4P-10K) at rates of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g/pot (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.3 oz/pot). For pleomele and the three palm species, optimum shoot dry weights and color ratings were similar among the three light intensities tested. However, artillery fern grown in full sun required fertilizer rates at least 50% higher for optimum shoot dry weight and color than under 55% or 73% shade. Light intensit × fertilizer rate interactions were highly significant for pilea and fishtail palm color and dry weight and sunshine palm and pleomele color.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND FERTILIZER RATE ON THE ACCLIMATIZATION POTENTIAL OF CHAMAEDOREA ELEGANS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 583b-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad Reyes ◽  
Terril A. Nell ◽  
Charles A. Conover ◽  
James E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Light Compensation Point ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Chamaedorea Elegans ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Effects of three light intensities (564, 306 and 162 μmol m-2 s-1) and three fertilizer rates (220, 440 and 880 mg/15 cm pot, weekly) were evaluated on acclimatization potential of Chamaedorea elegans. Treatments were applied during four months under greenhouse conditions after which plants were placed indoors (20 μmol m-2 s-1, 21±2C and 50% RH) for two months. Light compensation point (LCP) was significantly reduced by decreasing light intensity and increasing fertilizer rates. Leaf and root fresh and dry weights increased with irradiance while shoots were not affected. Chlorophyll a levels were higher in plants grown under the lowest light intensity. Carbohydrate content is being analyzed and anatomical examination of leaves studied. Plant performance indoors will be discussed. These studies demonstrate that Chamaedorea, a monocot, acclimatizes similarly to dicots.

scholarly journals Effects of a Microbial Inoculant on Plant Growth and Rhizosphere Bacterial Populations of Container-grown Plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Elliott ◽  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

A commercially available microbial inoculant (Plant Growth Activator Plus) that contains 50 microorganisms, primarily bacteria, was evaluated in a soilless container substrate to determine its effects on root bacterial populations and growth response of container-grown plants at three fertilizer rates. The tropical ornamental plants included hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis `Double Red'), spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum `Green Velvet') and areca palm (Dypsis lutescens). The bacterial groups enumerated were fluorescent pseudomonads, actinomycetes, heat-tolerant bacteria, and total aerobic bacteria. Analysis of the inoculant before its use determined that fluorescent pseudomonads claimed to be in the inoculant were not viable. The plant variables measured were plant color rating, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. Only hibiscus shoot dry weight and color rating increased in response to the addition of the inoculant to the substrate. Hibiscus roots also had a significant increase in the populations of fluores-cent pseudomonads and heat-tolerant bacteria. From a commercial production point of view, increasing fertilizer rates in the substrate provided a stronger response in hibiscus than did addition of the microbial inoculant. Furthermore, use of the inoculant in this substrate did not compensate for reduced fertilizer inputs.

scholarly journals (41) Growth of Japanese Holly in Pine Chips and Pine Bark as Influenced by Fertilizer Rate

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027B-1027
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Jake F. Browder
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Material ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Many industrial and agricultural wastes have been evaluated for use as alternative container substrate components. Recently, a new material produced from ground pine logs (Pinus taeda L.) has been utilized as a substitute for peat moss and pine bark (PB). On 17 Aug. 2005, japanese holly (Ilex crenata `Compacta' Thunb.) plants were potted in milled PB (Pinus taeda L.) and debarked ground pine chips (PC). Pine chips were ground with a hammermill to pass through a 6.35-mm screen. Osmocote Plus 15–9–12 (15N–4P–10K) was incorporated in both PB and PC substrates at the rates of 3.5, 5.9, 8.3, and 10.6 kg·m-3. Plants were greenhouse grown until 22 Nov. 2005. Substrate solution nutrient content and pH were determined for all treatments in each substrate. Shoots were dried, weighted, and tissue analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Shoot weights were higher in plants grown in PB than PC at the 3.5 and 5.9 kg·m-3 fertilizer rates. At the 8.3 kg·m-3 rate, shoot dry weight was about the same for each substrate, but at the 10.6 kg·m-3 rate, growth was higher for plants grown in PC than in PB. Substrate EC increased with increasing fertilizer rates and with the exception of Cu, was higher in PB substrates at all fertilizer rates. Plant tissue levels generally increased as fertilizer rate increased in both substrates but were higher in plants grown in PB than PC with the exception of Cu. Therefore, higher rates of fertilizer are required to produce optimal plant growth in PC compared to PB.

scholarly journals Increased Fertilizer Levels Do Not Prevent Abscisic Acid–Induced Chlorosis in Pansy

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Jong-Goo Kang ◽  
Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽  
Sue K. Dove ◽  
Geoffrey M. Weaver ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in regulating stomatal responses to environmental stress. By inducing stomatal closure, applications of exogenous ABA can reduce plant water use and delay the onset of drought stress when plants are not watered. However, ABA can also cause unwanted side effects, including chlorosis. Pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana) has been shown to be particularly susceptible to ABA-induced chlorosis. The objective of this study was to determine if fertilization rate affects the severity of ABA-induced chlorosis in this species. ‘Delta Premium Pure Yellow’ pansy seedlings were fertilized with controlled-release fertilizer incorporated at rates from 0 to 8 g·L−1 of substrate. When plants had reached a salable size, half the plants were sprayed with a solution containing 1 g·L−1 ABA, whereas the other plants were sprayed with water. Leaf chlorophyll content was monitored for 2 weeks following ABA application. Leaf chlorophyll content increased greatly as fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 2 g·L−1, with little increase in leaf chlorophyll at even higher fertilizer rates. ABA induced chlorosis, irrespective of the fertilizer rate. Plant dry weight was lowest when no controlled-release fertilizer was incorporated, but similar in all fertilized treatments. ABA treatment reduced shoot dry weight by ≈24%, regardless of fertilization rate. This may be due to ABA-induced stomatal closure, which limits carbon dioxide (CO2) diffusion into the leaves. We conclude that ABA sprays induce chlorosis, regardless of which fertilizer rate is used. However, because leaf chlorophyll concentration increases with increasing fertilizer rates, higher fertilizer rates can mask ABA-induced chlorosis.

scholarly journals Substrate Water Content and Fertilizer Rate Affect Growth and Flowering of Potted Petunia

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Alem ◽  
Paul A. Thomas ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Excessive Water

Rising concerns over environmental impacts of excessive water and fertilizer use in the horticultural industry necessitate more efficient use of water and nutrients. Both substrate volumetric water content (θ) and fertilizer affect plant growth, but their interactive effect is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal fertilizer rates for petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) ‘Dreams White’ grown at different θ levels. Petunia seedlings were grown at four levels of θ (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 m3·m−3) with eight different rates of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) (Osmocote 14-14-14; 14N–6.1P–11.6K; rates of 0 to 2.5 g/plant, equivalent to 0 to 6.25 kg·m−3 substrate). Shoot dry weight increased as the CRF rate increased from 0 to 1.67 g/plant but decreased again at even higher CRF rates. The effect of CRF rate on growth was more pronounced at higher θ. Leaf size doubled as the θ thresholds increased from 0.10 to 0.40 m3·m−3. Flowering was reduced by a combination of high CRF rates (greater than 0.63 g/plant) and high θ (0.30 and 0.40 m3·m−3), indicating that optimal conditions for vegetative growth are different from those for maximal flowering. These results suggest that without leaching, high-quality petunias can be grown with lower CRF rates than commercially recommended rates.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Marigold Growth and Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihong Bi ◽  
William B. Evans ◽  
James M. Spiers ◽  
Anthony L. Witcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth and flowering responses of greenhouse-grown French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Janie Deep Orange’) to two non-composted broiler chicken litter-based organic fertilizers, 4-2-2 and 3-3-3, and one commonly used synthetic controlled-release fertilizer, 14-14-14. In both experiments, fertilizer 4-2-2 was applied at four rates of 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (by volume); 3-3-3 was applied at four rates of 1.34%, 2.67%, 5.34%, and 8.0% (by volume); and 14-14-14 was applied at rates of 0.99, 1.98, 3.96, and 5.94 kg·m−3. In general, substrate containing different rates and types of fertilizers had a pH within the recommended range of 5.0 to 6.5. Electrical conductivity (EC) was similar among substrates containing different rates of 14-14-14; however, EC increased with increasing fertilizer rate for substrates containing 4-2-2 and 3-3-3. Substrate EC within each treatment was generally higher earlier in the experiment. For the fertilizer rates used in these two experiments, increasing 14-14-14 fertilizer rate increased plant growth and flowering performance. However, low to intermediate rates of 4-2-2 and 3-3-3 in general produced the highest plant growth index, shoot dry weight, number of flowers per plant, total flower dry weight, and root rating. Plants grown at high rates of 4-2-2 and 3-3-3 showed symptoms associated with excessive fertilization. Plant tissue nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations increased linearly or quadratically with increasing fertilizer rates for all three fertilizers. In general, plants receiving 4-2-2 and 3-3-3 had higher concentrations of N, P, and K than plants receiving 14-14-14. Results from this study indicated that broiler litter-based 4-2-2 and 3-3-3 have the potential to be used as organic fertilizer sources for container production of marigolds in greenhouses. However, growers need to be cautious with the rate applied. Because different crops may respond differently to these natural fertilizers, it is important for growers to test any new fertilizers before incorporating them into their production practices.

scholarly journals Interaction of Light Intensity and Controlledrelease Fertilization Rate on Growth and Flowering of Two New Guinea Impatiens Cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Vendrame ◽  
Kimberly K. Moore ◽  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

New guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) (NGI) `Pure Beauty Rose' (PBR) and `Paradise Orchid' (PO) were grown in full sun, 55% shade, or 73% shade and fertilized with a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) [Nutricote Total 13-13-13 (13N-5.7P-10.8K), type 100] incorporated at rates of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 lb/yard3 of growing media (1.2, 2.4, 3.6, 4.7, 7.1, 9.5, 11.9, 14.2, 16.6, and 19.0 kg·m-3). Plant quality rating, shoot dry weight, and flower number were measured at harvest and substrate samples were collected to analyze final substrate pH and electrical conductivity (EC). For both cultivars, light intensity and fertilization rate interactions were different for shoot dry weight and flower number, but there was no difference in plant quality rating between the light levels. Quality ratings of both PBR and PO plants increased as CRF rate increased to 12 to 16 lb/yard3 above these levels quality was not improved. Shoot dry weight of PBR plants grown in full sun increased as CRF rate increased to 28 lb/yard3 and then decreased, while shoot dry weight of plants grown with 55% and 73% shade increased as CRF rate increased to 20 and 16 lb/yard3, respectively, with no further increases. Shoot dry weight of PO plants grown in full sun and 55% shade increased as CRF rate increased to 28 and 24 lb/yard3, respectively, with no further increases, while shoot dry weight of plants grown with 73% shade increased as CRF rate increased to 24 lb/yard3 and then decreased. Flower number of PBR plants grown in full sun, 55% shade, and 73% shade increased as CRF rate increased to 24 lb/yard3 and then decreased. Flower number of PO plants grown in full sun increased as CRF rate increased to 28 lb/yard3 and then decreased, while flower number of plants grown in 55% and 73% shade increased as CRF rate increased to 24 lb/yard3 and then decreased.

scholarly journals Influence of Fertilizer Placement on Plant Quality, Root Distribution, and Weed Growth in Container-grown Tropical Ornamental Plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat ◽  
Kimberly K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Ptychosperma Macarthurii ◽  
Chinese Hibiscus

In two experiments, chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), fishtail palm (Caryota mitis), macarthur palm (Ptychosperma macarthurii), shooting star (Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum), downy jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum), plumbago (Plumbago auriculata), alexandra palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae), and foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) were transplanted into 6.2-L (2-gal) containers. They were fertilized with Osmocote Plus 15N-3.9P-10K (12-to14-month formulation) (Expt. 1) or Nutricote Total 18N-2.6P-6.7K (type 360) (Expt. 2) applied by either top dressing, substrate incorporation, or layering the fertilizer just below the transplanted root ball. Shoot dry weight, plant color, root dry weights in the upper and lower halves of the root ball, and weed shoot dry weight were determined when each species reached marketable size. Optimal fertilizer placement method varied among the species tested. With the exception of areca palm, none of the species tested grew best with incorporated fertilizer. Root dry weights in the lower half of the root ball for chinese hibiscus, bamboo palm, and downy jasmine were greatest when the fertilizer was layered and root dry weights in the upper half of the root ball were greatest for top-dressed chinese hibiscus. Weed growth was lower in pots receiving layered fertilizer for four of the six palm species tested.

scholarly journals Plant Growth and Leachate Electrical Conductivity and pH as Influenced by Controlled-release Fertilizer Blends and Coating Technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Grable ◽  
Joshua Knight ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Although controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) have been used in container-grown ornamental plants for decades, new coating technologies and blends of fertilizers coated for specific release rates are being employed to customize fertility for specific environments and crops. A study was conducted in the transitional climate of Kentucky to determine the nutrient release rates of three controlled-release blends of 8- to 9-month release and growth response of ‘Double Play Pink’ japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica) and ‘Smaragd’ arbovitae (Thuja occidentalis). Fertilizer 1 (16N–3.5P–8.3K–1.8Mg + trace elements) and Fertilizer 2 (18N–3.1P–8.3K–1.8Mg + trace elements) were prototype blends with different experimental polymer coatings. Fertilizer 3 was a blend of 18N–2.2P–6.6K–1.1Ca–1.4Mg–5.8S + trace elements, which combined 100% resin-coated prills with a polymer coating. Fertilizer 4 was commercially available 15N–3.9P–10K–1.3Mg–6S + trace elements. Fertilizer 3 released its nutrients earlier in the 12-week study than the other three fertilizers and resulted in lower shoot dry weight in both species. The new polymer coating technologies show promise for delivering a predicted release rate and are appropriate for container production of these woody shrubs in Kentucky. An interesting side note of this experiment was that leachate pH measurements across treatments averaged 1.2 units lower for arbovitae (6.3) than for japanese spirea (7.5) at week 12. It was assumed that chemical and/or biological reactions at the root/substrate interface in arbovitae moderated pH increases over the study.

EAR LENGTH AND SPIKELET NUMBER OF WHEAT GROWN AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND LIGHT INTENSITIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Light ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The number of spikelets on the differentiating inflorescence and the ear at anthesis was highest at high light intensities and at low temperatures. The length of the developing inflorescence and the ear, the height of the main stem, and the total plant dry weight at the time of anthesis were also greatest under these conditions.These results are related to differential effects of temperature and light intensity on the rates and duration of apical elongation, morphological development of the ear, and spikelet formation.

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