scholarly journals Stand Reduction and Foliage Damage Reduce Yield of Dehydrating Onion

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Clough
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stage Yield ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field trials were conducted at Hermiston, Ore., from 1995 through 1998, to determine impact of stand loss and plant damage at different growth stages on yield of onions (Allium cepa) grown for dehydration. Stand reduction (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) and foliage damage (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) treatments were applied at three-, six-, nine-, and twelve-leaf onion growth stages. Although average bulb weight increased as stand was reduced, marketable, cull, and total yields decreased as stand reduction increased (plant population decreased) at all plant growth stages. Bulb weight was not changed by up to 100% foliage removal at the three-leaf stage. At the six- and twelve-leaf stages, weight was reduced when ≥50% of the foliage was removed. The most severe response occurred at the nine-leaf stage. At the three-leaf stage, yield was not affected by foliage damage. At the six-leaf growth stage, yield was reduced by 75% or more foliage loss, but at the nine- and twelve-leaf stages, ≥50% foliage removal reduced expected yields. As with bulb weight, the impact of foliage removal on yield was most severe at the nine-leaf growth stage.

scholarly journals 452 Stand Reduction and Foliage Damage Reduce Yield of Onion for Dehydration

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 471E-472
Author(s):  
George H. Clough
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stage Yield ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Production Characteristics

Field trials were conducted at Hermiston, Ore., from 1995 through 1998 to determine the impact of stand loss and plant damage at different growth stages on yield of onions grown for dehydration. The experiment was a complete factorial with four replications. Stand reduction (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) and foliage damage (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%) treatments were applied at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-leaf onion growth stages. All average onion production characteristics decreased linearly as stand reduction increased (plant population decreased) at all plant growth stages except average bulb weight which increased as stand was reduced. Bulb weight was not changed by up to 100% foliage removal at the three-leaf stage of growth. At the 6- and 12-leaf stages, bulb weight was reduced when >50% of the foliage was removed. The most severe response occurred at the nine-leaf stage when bulb weights were reduced the most. At the three-leaf stage, yield was not affected by foliage damage. At the six-leaf growth stage, yield was reduced by 75% or more foliage loss, but at the 9- and 12-leaf stages, >50% foliage removal reduced expected yields. As with bulb weight, the impact of foliage removal on yield was most severe at the nine-leaf growth stage.

Protox-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) response to herbicides applied at different growth stages

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne S. Falk ◽  
Douglas E. Shoup ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted with a population of common waterhemp resistant to POST protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox)-inhibiting herbicides to compare its response to PRE and POST applications of selected herbicides. In the greenhouse, a dose–response study of PRE applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen, or lactofen was conducted on protox-susceptible and -resistant common waterhemp. The protox-resistant biotype was approximately 6.3, 2.5, and 2.6 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype to acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen, respectively. In a separate study under field conditions, protox-resistant common waterhemp were treated with PRE and POST applications of acifluorfen, azafenidin, flumioxazin, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, or sulfentrazone. At 14 and 28 d after POST treatment (DAPT) in 2002 and 2004, all PRE applications of herbicides gave greater control than did POST applications. At 14 DAPT, oxyfluorfen had the greatest difference in PRE and POST control, with 85 and 10% control in 2002, respectively. An additional field study was conducted to determine the stage of growth at which resistance to protox-inhibiting herbicides becomes most prevalent. Protox-resistant common waterhemp were treated with herbicides at the 2-leaf, 4- to 6-leaf, and 8- to 10-leaf growth stage. Acifluorfen and fomesafen at 420 g ha−1gave greater than 90% control at the 2-leaf stage and 4- to 6-leaf stage, except in 2003 when control was 85% with acifluorfen. In 2003 and 2004, common waterhemp control at the 8- to 10-leaf stage ranged between 54 and 75% with acifluorfen or fomesafen. Results indicate that common waterhemp resistance to customary rates of POST protox-inhibiting herbicides becomes prevalent after the 4- to 6-leaf growth stage.

scholarly journals Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽  
STEPHEN O. DUKE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Durations of Water-Logging at Different Growth Stages on Seed Yield of Sesame

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p68
Author(s):  
M. H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Different Growth Stages

In Bangladesh, sesame suffers from water-logging during its growing period. Multi-year and multi-location field trials were carried out to study the effect of different durations of water-logging at different growth stages on seed yield of sesame. From two years results, it is revealed that the effects of water-logging during a particular growth stage or particular duration of water-logging on seed yield depends on pre- and/or post water-logging from the rainfall. Differential effects of the cultivars were also observed. The cultivar Binatil-2 and Binatil-3 showed reasonable seed yield under water-logging at flowering and mid pod-formation stages for 24 to36 hours.

scholarly journals Dosage of 2,6-Bis (1.1-Dimethylethyl)-4-Methylphenol (BHT) in the Plant ExtractMesembryanthemum crystallinum

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouftira Ibtissem ◽  
Mgaidi Imen ◽  
Sfar Souad
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

A naturally occurring BHT was identified in the leaves of the halophyte plantMesembryanthemum crystallinum. This phenol was extracted in this study by two methods at the different plant growth stages. One of the methods was better for BHT extraction; the concentration of this phenol is plant growth stage dependent. In this study, the floraison stage has the highest BHT concentration. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was not related to BHT concentration. The higher antioxidant activity is obtained at seedlings stage.

Efficacy of increasing application rates and combination of herbicides and mowing at different growth stages of common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Juan F. F. Daddario ◽  
Guillermo Tucat ◽  
Osvaldo A. Fernandez ◽  
Diego J. Bentivegna
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Common teasel is a troublesome invasive weed in North and South America. Additional information on the efficacy of herbicide application and mowing at different growth stages will help in common teasel management. Firstly, an outdoor pot experiment was performed to assess increasing application rates and combinations of glyphosate and 2,4-D amine, when applied at four leaf, rosette and bolting stages. Secondly, field experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of time of cutting on invasive common teasel plant height, head number, and head length. Finally, germinability of seeds collected from naturally growing plants was determined to evaluate the feasibility of mowing invasive common teasel after flowering. Only glyphosate applied at 1.08 kg ae ha-1 at four leaf stage provided adequate control (>90%). Although control was not satisfactory (<90%) when applying glyphosate at 2.16 kg ae ha-1 at rosette and bolting stages, and 2,4-D at 1.75 kg ae ha-1 at four leaf stage, significant injury and biomass decline were observed. Glyphosate and 2,4-D combinations did not improve common teasel control compared with single applications. Cutting rosettes strongly reduced inflorescence production (34-42%) and cutting flowering plants prevented total regrowth. Germination of seeds averaged 14% when harvested 10 d after flowering, and maximum seed germination (>90%) was found 30 d after flowering. Glyphosate applied alone at the recommended commercial rate early in the growing season together with cutting at the flowering stage, may be the most beneficial way of controlling invasive common teasel.

Dinitrogen fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris at low temperatures: interaction of temperature, growth stage, and time of inoculation

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rennie ◽  
G. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Nodulation and N2 fixation have not been reported in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) below a temperature of 13 °C but, in southern Alberta, temperatures at planting may be as low as 10 °C. Two varieties of pea beans, 'Aurora' and 'Kentwood,' were inoculated at three growth stages (seeding, primary leaf horizontal, or first trifoliate leaf open) and grown at 10, 12, 14, or 16 °C. Nodulation and acetylene (C2H2) reduction occurred in both varieties at temperatures as low as 10 °C. At the lower temperatures, cold adaptability of the plant for early root growth determined the ability for nodulation and N2 fixation. At higher temperatures, plant-growth stage was a determining factor. 'Aurora' was superior to 'Kentwood' at 10 °C in nodulation, dry matter (DM), N yield, and N2 fixation because of its tolerance to low temperatures during early root growth. Inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli at more advanced plant-growth stages decreased the time for nodulation at all four temperatures but resulted in higher yield and more N2 fixation in 'Aurora' only at 14 and 16 °C. At 10 °C, inoculation at seeding was more effective than at the other two growth stages for both varieties. Thus plant growth stages and growth temperature both determined the ability of a bean variety to support N2 fixation at various low temperatures.

Soybean Sensitivity to Drift Rates of Imazosulfuron

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep S. Rana ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Imazosulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide recently labeled in U.S. rice at a maximum rate of 336 g ai ha−1. Soybean is prone to drift of herbicides from rice fields in the southern United States because these crops are often grown in close proximity. Field trials were conducted to determine the effect of low rates of imazosulfuron applied to nonsulfonylurea-resistant soybean at different growth stages. Soybean was treated at the vegetative cotyledonary (VC); vegetative second trifoliate (V2); vegetative sixth trifoliate (V6); and reproductive full bloom (R2) growth stages with 1/256 (1.3 g ha−1) to 1/4 (84.1 g ha−1) times (X) the maximum labeled rate of imazosulfuron. Soybean was injured regardless of application rate or timing. At 2 wk after treatment (WAT), imazosulfuron injured soybean 23 to 79, 44 to 76, 32 to 68, and 14 to 50% when applied at the VC, V2, V6, and R2 growth stages, respectively, where the highest injury was caused by the highest imazosulfuron rate (1/4X). However, by 20 wk after planting (WAP), soybean treated with imazosulfuron at the VC and V2 growth stages had only 0 to 17% and 8 to 53% injury, respectively. At higher rates [1/8 (42 g ha−1) and 1/4X] of imazosulfuron, soybean treated at the VC growth stage recovered more from injury than did soybean treated at the V2 growth stage. Soybean treated with imazosulfuron at the V6 and R2 growth stages had better recovery from the injury at the lower two rates [1/256 and 1/128X (2.6 g ha−1)] than at the higher rates [1/64 (5.3 g ha−1) to 1/4X]. Imazosulfuron, at all rates tested, delayed soybean maturity by 1 to 4, 2 to 6, 1 to 12, and 3 to 16 d for the VC, V2, V6, and R2 growth stages, respectively. Yield loss was greater when imazosulfuron was applied at V6 and R2 compared to applications at VC and V2. Results from this research indicate that imazosulfuron can severely injure soybean regardless of the growth stage at which drift occurs; however, soybean injured by imazosulfuron at early growth stages (VC and V2) has a better chance of recovery over time compared to drift at later growth stages (V6 and R2).

scholarly journals Effects of the transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 on rhizosphere soil microorganism populations in northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang YJ ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
Peng DL
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insect Resistant

Transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 has been widely adopted for many years in several regions of China, however the understanding of its potential effects on soil microorganisms is limited. The impact of transgenic cotton SGK321 on microorganism populations in rhizosphere soil was investigated. The numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were measured by counting colony-forming units after incubation on appropriate medium in a two-year field study in the northern China. Rhizosphere soil microorganism populations between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton or conventional cotton were different at some plant growth stages and/or in some years. However compared to the plant growth stage and cotton cultivar, the impacts of the transgenic trait were slight or transient. The principal component analysis also showed no significant or minor difference in the numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton. These results suggest that the transgenic cotton SGK321 has no apparent impact on microorganism populations in rhizosphere soil.

Influence of Growth Stage and Herbicide Rate on Postemergence Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Rosales-Robles ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
Eric P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Studies were conducted to observe the effect of full and reduced rates of postemergence (POST) herbicides on seedling and rhizome johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) at different growth stages. Herbicides and labeled rates included primisulfuron at 40 g/ha, nicosulfuron at 35 g/ha, fluazifop-P at 210 g/ha, and clethodim at 140 g/ha. Contour graphs to predict johnsongrass control at different growth stages and herbicide rates were developed. Excellent seedling and rhizome johnsongrass control was obtained with reduced rates of herbicides applied at the three- to five-leaf stages. Primisulfuron at 20 g/ha resulted in 90% or greater control of seedling johnsongrass in the three- to four-leaf stage. Rhizome johnsongrass at this growth stage required 30 g/ha of primisulfuron for the same level of control. Nicosulfuron at 17.5 and 26.3 g/ha provided 90% or greater control up to the four-leaf stage of seedling and rhizome johnsongrass, respectively. Fluazifop-P and clethodim were more effective than primisulfuron and nicosulfuron. Fluazifop-P at 105 g/ha resulted in 90% or greater control of seedling and rhizome johnsongrass up to the seven- and five-leaf stages, respectively. Clethodim at 35 g/ha controlled seedling johnsongrass at least 90% up to the eight-leaf stage. Clethodim at 70 g/ha provided 90% or greater control of rhizome johnsongrass if applied at the three- to four-leaf stages.

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