scholarly journals (165) Use of Chicken Manure as Source of Nutrients for Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007A-1007
Author(s):  
Muddappa Rangappa ◽  
Harbans Bhardwaj ◽  
Harry Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
On Farm

An on-farm animal manure, such as chicken manure, can be a source of nutrients for the growth and production of agricultural crops. However, use of manures at rates that are considered adequate for crop production may cause excessive accumulation of phosphorus (P) and also result in leaching of nitrogen (N), thus leading to potential pollution of ground and surface water. Composting of manures with a carbon (C) source can reduce P and N to manageable levels to support production of crops. In order to determine the potential of composted manure for crop production, we studied growth and production of sweet corn by using poultry manure composted with a carbon source of crimson clover hay or wheat straw. These experiments, conducted during 2002 and 2003, compared six treatments: 1) uncomposted chicken manure alone; 2) composted with wheat straw turned weekly; 3) composted with wheat straw turned bi-weekly; 4) composted with crimson clover hay turned weekly; 5) composted with crimson clover hay turned bi-weekly; and 6) a control with a commercial recommendation rate of N fertilizer. These treatments resulted in 9244; 13,866; 15,688; 16,734; and 11,977 marketable ears/acre, respectively, indicating significant superiority of treatments 4 and 5 over all others. Similar results were obtained for ear length, ear fresh weight, and plant height. Results indicated that composting of poultry litter with wheat straw or crimson clover hay is a viable way to utilize poultry manure for production of sweet corn and other agricultural crops. This study implies that composting of on-farm animal manure with organic material, such as hay and straw, could play an important role in development of an environmentally friendly, economically feasible, and sustainable organic production of agricultural crops.

scholarly journals Sweet Corn Production by Using Poultry Manure

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 832B-832
Author(s):  
Muddappa Rangappa* ◽  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj ◽  
H.O. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Corn Production

Alternative to the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers can be the utilization of a natural organic source of on-farm animal manure nutrients for the growth, development and production of agricultural crops. The main objective of this research was to compost the poultry manure with organic amendments and utilize for sweet corn production. The composition of composted and uncomposted poultry manure was compared and field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2004 at Randolph farm of Virginia State Univ. located near Petersburg, Virginia. The field experiments included seven treatments: control with un-composted manure, four treatments with manure (composted with wheat straw turned weekly, composted with wheat straw turned bi-weekly, composted with clover hay turned weekly, and composted with clover hay turned bi-weekly), recommended rate of N fertilizer, and a control without any treatment. Results indicated that composting of poultry manure with an organic amendment such as wheat straw or clover hay helps poultry manure's transformation into a usable fertilizer material for supporting crop production. However, use of clover hay was observed to be desirable than wheat straw for sweet corn production. Addition of clover hay resulted in significantly increased ear fresh and dry weight and also resulted in taller plants. The affects of biweekly vs. weekly turning compost on performance of sweet corn were not significant.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Adding Extruded Wheat Straw to Poultry Manure to Increase the Rate of Biogas Yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Victor Polishchuk ◽  
◽  
Sergey Shvorov ◽  
Nikolay Zablodskiy ◽  
Piotr Kucheruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

The work is aimed at increasing the biogas yield rate at biogas plants by means of codigestion poultry manure in combination with extruded wheat straw. To achieve this goal a series of batch tests were performed to study the yields of biogas and CH4 in anaerobic fermentation of mixtures of manure with extruded wheat straw. The working hypothesis of the study was that the wheat straw addition would allow optimizing carbon to nitrogen ratio reducing thus the inhibitory effect of ammonium nitrogen contained in poultry manure on the digestion process. The most important result of the study consisted in the development of a methodology for determining the efficient ratios of extruded straw to poultry manure, at which the highest rate of methane yield was ensured. The two series of the batch assays at 36°C were performed to study the effect of the straw addition to chicken manure at high and low initial volatile solids concentrations. In each series, three types of mixtures were prepared – with 100%, 65% and 35% of poultry manure by volatile solids content in the combination with wheat straw pellets. The significance of the research results was in the fact that the use of extruded straw together with chicken manure could increase the rate of methane yield by almost two times, compared to the fermentation of only poultry manure. The positive effect of wheat straw addition to poultry manure was found in mixtures with a high initial volatile solids concentration, and hence, a high concentration of nitrogen.

Genetic variation in yield of five hybrids of sweet corn grown under poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizers and the presence of the nitrate reductase gene (Nia2)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
S. Al-Otayk ◽  
M. I. Motawei ◽  
M. Z. El-Shinawy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Gene ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Reductase Gene

Concern about nitrate (NO3−) accumulation in plants and its hazard to human and animal health has led to the investigation of the genetic variation in its accumulation in plants.Genetic variation in the productivity and nitrate content of sweet corn hybrids (Zea mays L.) when produced under five treatment combinations of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and poultry manure was investigated. In addition, the presence of the nitrate reductase gene (Nia2) in hybrids of sweet corn was investigated by PCR analysis. The chlorophyll content of leaves was higher with chemical fertilizer and the mixture of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure compared with chicken manure only. The highest grain yield was recorded in the hybrid Amera grown with chicken manure or the mixture of nitrate fertilizer and poultry manure. Moreover, gene-specific primer pairs for amplification of nitrate reductase revealed the presence of the nitrate reductase gene (Nia2) in hybrid Merit, which had the lowest grain nitrate content. Moreover, Merit only had one extra band (900 bp) indicating the Nia2 gene was controlled by co-dominant alleles. However, the presence of nitrate reductase gene (Nia2) alone did not explain nitrate content differences among corn hybrids. The work presented in this paper showed that PCR assays represent a sensitive tool for screening of sweet corn breeding material for the Nia2 gene although the presence of this gene does not alone explain nitrate content. Key words: Genetic variation, Low nitrate concentrations, sweet corn, nitrate reductase gene (Nia2), PCR

scholarly journals Guidelines for Purchase and Application of Poultry Manure for Organic Crop Production

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Ferguson ◽  
Michael R. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Poultry Science ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Organic Crop Production ◽  
On Farm

Poultry manure and poultry litter (manure with bedding) is commonly used as a soil amendment and nutrient source for organic crop production. However, unless a farmer has an on-farm poultry facility, manure must be outsourced and delivered to the farm. Purchase, delivery, and application of these materials involve food safety, legal, regulatory, nutrient availability, and handling issues. Information on these topics can be found in Extension publications from university departments of agronomy, agricultural engineering, food science, horticulture, and poultry science. The purpose of this publication, however, is to integrate this information to provide guidelines and references for organic farmers who use outsourced poultry manure or litter in organic crop production. This document is HS973, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: April 2004.  https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs217

scholarly journals On-farm trees are a safety net for the poorest households rather than a major contributor to food security in Rwanda

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ndoli ◽  
Athanase Mukuralinda ◽  
Antonius G. T. Schut ◽  
Miyuki Iiyama ◽  
Jean Damascene Ndayambaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Agroforestry Practice ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

AbstractThe world is challenged to meet the food demand of a growing population, especially in developing countries. Given the ambitious plans to scale up agroforestry in Africa, an improved understanding of the effect of agroforestry practices on the already challenged food security of rural households is crucial. The present study was undertaken to assess how on-farm trees impacted food security in addition to other household income sources in Rwanda. In each of the six agroecologies of Rwanda, a stratified sampling procedure was used where two administrative cells (4th formal administrative level) were selected in which households were randomly selected for interviews. A survey including 399 farmers was conducted and farmers were grouped in three types of agroforestry practice (i) low practitioners (LAP) represented by the first tertile, (ii) medium practitioners (MAP) represented by the second tertile and (iii) high practitioners (HAP) represented by the third tertile of households in terms of tree number. Asset values, household income sources, crop production, farm size, crop yield, and food security (food energy needs) were quantified among the types of agroforestry practice. A larger proportion of HAP households had access to adequate quantity and diversity of food when compared with MAP and LAP households. Food security probability was higher for households with more resources, including land, trees and livestock, coinciding with an increased crop and livestock income. We found no difference in asset endowment among types of agroforestry practices, while farmers in agroecologies with smaller farms (0.42 ha to 0.66 ha) had more on-farm trees (212 to 358 trees per household) than farms in agroecologies with larger farms (0.96 ha to 1.23 ha) which had 49 to 129 trees per household, probably due to differences in biophysical conditions. A positive association between tree density and food security was found in two out of six agroecologies. The proportion of income that came from tree products was high (> 20%) for a small fraction of farmers (12%), with the more food insecure households relying more on income from tree products than households with better food security status. Thus, tree income can be percieved as a “safety net” for the poorest households.

scholarly journals Effects on Crop Development, Yields and Chemical Composition of Celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum) Cultivated Underneath an Agrivoltaic System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Axel Weselek ◽  
Andrea Bauerle ◽  
Sabine Zikeli ◽  
Iris Lewandowski ◽  
Petra Högy
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Organically Managed

Agrivoltaic (AV) systems increase land productivity through the combined production of renewable energy and food. Although several studies have addressed their impact on crop production, many aspects remain unexplored. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of AV on the cultivation of celeriac, a common root vegetable in Central Europe. Celeriac was cultivated in 2017 and 2018 as part of an organically managed on-farm experiment, both underneath an AV system and in full-sun conditions. Under AV, photosynthetic active radiation was reduced by about 30%. Monitoring of crop development showed that in both years, plant height increased significantly under AV. Fresh bulb yield decreased by about 19% in 2017 and increased by about 12% in 2018 in AV, but the changes were not significant. Aboveground biomass increased in both years under AV, but only increased significantly in 2018. As aboveground biomass is a determinant of root biomass at harvest in root vegetables, bulb yields may be further increased by a prolonged vegetation period under AV. Compound analysis of celeriac bulbs did not show any clear effects from treatment. As harvestable yields were not significantly reduced, we concluded that celeriac can be considered a suitable crop for cultivation under AV.

Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of amount of urea and moisture on in vitro digestibility and pH

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
I.U. Haq ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

Urea-ammonia treatment of straws in the tropics involves mixing 1.0 kg of air dry straw with 1.0 kg of a 40 g/kg urea solution and storing under plastic for at least 4 weeks (Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989). The economics of treatment is dependent on the cost of urea. Treatment cost would reduce, if on-farm-produced urine, e.g. cow urine, could be used as a source of urea. However cow urine is dilute and may contain only 10 g/kg urea or less (Owen, 1993). The present study therefore investigated varying concentrations of urea solution for treating wheat straw at a tropical temperature.

Dynamics of fungal diversity and interactions with environmental elements in response to wheat straw biochar amended poultry manure composting

2019 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Duan ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
Zengqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Poultry Manure

scholarly journals Growing Food with Garbage: Effects of Six Waste Amendments on Soil and Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Long ◽  
Rebecca N. Brown ◽  
José A. Amador
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Yard Waste

Using organic wastes as agricultural amendments is a productive alternative to disposal in landfills, providing nutrients for plant growth and carbon to build soil organic matter. Despite these benefits, a large fraction of organic waste is sent to landfills. Obstacles to the adoption of wastes as sources of plant nutrients include questions about harmful effects to crops or soils and the wastes’ ability to produce satisfactory yields. We compared six organic waste amendments with a mineral fertilizer control (CN) to determine effects on soil quality, soil fertility, crop quality, and crop yield in 2013 and 2014. Waste amendments were applied at a rate sufficient to supply 10,000 kg organic C/ha over two seasons, and mineral fertilizer was applied to control plots to provide 112 kg-N/ha/yr. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates and three crops: sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Applause, Brocade, and Montauk), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne cv. JWS 6823), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Eva). Amendment with biosolids/yard waste cocompost (BS), dehydrated restaurant food waste (FW), gelatin manufacturing waste (GW), multisource compost (MS), paper fiber/chicken manure blend (PF), and yard waste compost (YW) did not have a negative impact on soil moisture, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), or the concentration of heavy metals in soil or plant tissue. Our results indicate potential uses for waste amendments including significantly raising soil pH (MS) and increasing soil organic matter [OM (YW and BS)]. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) of waste amendments was not a reliable predictor of soil inorganic N levels, and only some wastes increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) levels relative to the control. Plots amended with BS, FW, and GW produced yields of sweet corn, butternut squash, and potatoes comparable with the control, whereas plots amended with YW, PF, and MS produced lower yields of sweet corn, squash, or both, although yields for potatoes were comparable with the control. In addition, the marketability of potatoes from PF plots was significantly better than that of the control in 2014. None of the wastes evaluated in this study had negative impacts on soil properties, some provided benefits to soil quality, and all produced comparable yields for at least one crop. Our results suggest that all six wastes have potential to be used as sources of plant nutrients.

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