scholarly journals (104) Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Response to Nitrogen Rate and Timing in a Field Nursery

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049C-1049
Author(s):  
Catherine Neal
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Growth Differences

Bare-root, 4-ft whips of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica `Marshall's Seedless') were planted in June 2001 in a randomized complete-block design with three trees per plot. An incomplete factorial design was used to test whether annual fertilizer rate and/or application dates affected growth. Treatments were fertilized from 0 to 4 times per year in mid-April, mid-June, mid-August, and/or mid-October. A rate of 1 lb of nitrogen (N)/1000 sq ft was used whenever fertilizer was applied to a plot. Each treatment received 0, 2, 3, or 4 lbs N/1000 sq ft/year depending on the number of applications. Caliper, height, and terminal growth were measured annually for three growing seasons. At the end of seasons 2 and 3, one plant per plot was destructively harvested and processed to obtain dry weights of shoots and roots, and the shoot to root ratio was calculated. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with least square means contrasts. Treatment effects on top weights, root weights, and shoot to root ratios were nonsignificant. There were significant treatment differences for caliper and terminal growth in years 1 and 2, but not 3. A set of orthogonal contrasts was used to determine that the effect was due primarily to growth differences in plants receiving 2 vs. 3 or 4 lbs N/1000 sq ft/year, but that 3 vs. 4 lbs made no difference. Another set of planned, but nonorthogonal contrasts was used to compare application date effects. Plants fertilized in June were greater in caliper and terminal growth in the first 2 years than plants not fertilized in June. There were nonsignificant effects of fertilizing vs. not fertilizing in late fall or early spring.

scholarly journals EARLY SPRING APPLICATION OF AMINOETHOXYVINILGLYCINE (AVG) INCREASES FRUIT SET AND YIELD OF ‘ROCHA’ PEARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATEUS DA SILVEIRA PASA ◽  
BRUNO CARRA ◽  
CARINA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARLISE NARA CIOTTA ◽  
ALBERTO FONTANELLA BRIGHENTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Return Bloom

ABSTRACT The low fruit set is one of the main factors leading to poor yield of pear orchards in Brazil. Ethylene is associated with abscission of flowers and fruitlets. Then, the application of ethylene synthesis inhibitors, such as AVG, is a potential tool to increase fruit set of pears. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of AVG, sprayed at different rates and timings, on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of ‘Rocha’ pear. The study was performed in a commercial orchard located in the municipality of São Joaquim, SC, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of ‘Rocha’ pear trees grafted on quince rootstock ‘BA29’. AVG was tested at different rates (60 mg L-1 and 80 mg L-1) and timings [full bloom, one week after full bloom (WAFB), and two WAFB), either alone or in combination. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with at least five single-tree replications. The fruit set, number of fruit per tree, yield, estimated yield, fruit weight, return bloom, and fruit quality attributes were assessed. Fruit set and yield were consistently increased by single applications of AVG at 60 and 80 mg L-1 at both one and two weeks after full bloom, without negatively affecting fruit quality attributes and return bloom.

scholarly journals Desiccation Tolerance of Green Ash and Sugar Maple Fine Roots

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Exposed fine roots are subject to desiccation, which may affect their survival as well as new root growth following bare root transplanting. Fine roots of dormant 1-year-old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings, subjected to desiccation treatments of 0, 1, 2, or 3 hours in December and March, lost up to 82 percent of their water. Root electrolyte leakage, a measure of cell damage, tripled after three hours of desiccation. The increase was moderately, but significantly, greater in March for both species. Desiccation treatments had no effect on fine root survival. Growth of new roots (RGP) was also unaffected by desiccation treatments. RGP of maple was greater in March than December, but not ash.

Shoot ontogeny in Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash). II. Development of the inflorescence

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1966-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Remphrey
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Floral Apex

From initiation to fruit set, which occurs over three growing seasons, eight stages are recognized in the development of axillary inflorescences in the dioecious species Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern, (green ash). In the first season, buds are initiated in the axils of foliage leaves. As the shoots expand in the following spring, the buds complete their development. Although similar at first, differences begin to emerge between vegetative and inflorescence buds in that the latter produce robust second-order meristems, the incipient paracladia, protruding close to the original apex. After about 3–4 weeks, when the initiation of such buds is complete, the terminal and subtending lateral meristems present on each axis develop into a three-membered cluster of floral buds. There was a mean of 214.3 ± 12.2 floral buds initiated per female inflorescence, and the number generally increased with the length of the associated shoot. A ridge, the incipient perianth, begins to form around the periphery of each rounded floral apex. Male and female floral buds are not distinguishable at this stage, but the inflorescence buds are distinctly different from vegetative buds. The male and female buds then diverge in their development in that an identation forms at the summit of the incipient gynoecium and male buds initiate two or three anthers. By autumn, the gynoecium is distinctly conical, with an orifice at its summit, and the anthers are lobed. There is lobing of the perianth ridge, but in the mature flower distinct organs traceable to such lobes could not readily be identified.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen on growth and architecture of Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Patmore' (green ash) in Field-grow containers at two sites in Manitoba, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Remphrey ◽  
C. G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Four Levels

Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. 'Patmore' green ash was established at two sites in southern Manitoba. Four levels of N fertilizer (4.5–400 ppm) were applied during two growing seasons. Growth and development of the trees was dependent on the site and local environmental conditions. At Morden, the annual height growth increment was greater with lower levels of N applications and declined at higher levels, while at Winnipeg higher levels resulted in greater growth. Stem diameter changes followed a similar pattern. The numbers of lateral shoots per parent shoot were only weakly affected by N treatment and any differences appeared to be an indirect effect of parental shoot length. The Field-grow containers at the Winnipeg site were installed in crass-sod which penetrated the containers and appeared to result in competition for N resources. The Morden site was kept cultivated and thus there was no such competition. At Morden, it is possible that wicking from the surrounding soil may have moved excessive salts into the containers resulting in high conductivity values and toxicity. Key words: Field-grow, biomass, roots, architecture, fertilization, Fraxinus pennsylvanica

NURSERY PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SHADE-TREE SPECIES GROWN IN "FIELD-GROW" FABRIC CONTAINERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
W. R. REMPHREY ◽  
S. R. RIMMER ◽  
M. J. BLOUW
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Acer Saccharinum ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Bare Root

Performance of bare-root stock of Patmore green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), Dropmore basswood (Tilia × flavescens A. Br.) and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) growing in two sizes of "Field-grow" in-the-ground fabric containers (46-cm and 56-cm diameter) was compared with uncontainerized controls over a 4-yr period. Root systems of Field-grow plants examined were more fibrous; feeder roots penetrating the container wall were swollen adjacent to it. Large roots, especially of silver maple, also penetrated the seam between the side walls and plastic bottom. Field-grow silver maple and ash grew progressively less than control plants on or after the first growing season, indicating diminutive effect of the containers. Basswood, which was slower to establish, showed no such response until the fourth growing season.Key words: Fraxinus pennsylvanica ’Patmore’, Tilia flavescens ’Dropmore’, Acer saccharinum, nursery production, "Field-grow" containers

scholarly journals (97) Performance of `Ginger Gold' and `Gala' on Malling 9 and Budagovsky 9 over Ten Years

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030A-1030
Author(s):  
Robert M. Crassweller ◽  
Donald E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rock Springs

An apple planting was established in 1996 comprised of two cultivars: `Ginger Gold' (GG) and `Crimson Gala' (CG) on Malling 9 NAKB T337 and Budagovsky 9 at the Horticulture Research Farm at Rock Springs, Pa. The trees were planted at a spacing of 1.5 × 3.7 m in a randomized complete-block design with 10 replications. The trees were trained to a vertical axe system with a single wire set at 2.8 m, to which the conduit was attached. Data collected included trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), tree yield, number of fruit, and number of rootsuckers. Calculated data included annual tree growth, tree efficiency, average fruit weight, and crop load. In most years, there were significant cultivar × rootstock interactions for some variables. At planting and for the first two growing seasons, GG/B.9 were significantly larger than GG/M.9 as measured by TCA. At planting, there were no differences in TCA for CG, but, by the end of 1996, M.9 trees were significantly larger and stayed this way for the rest of the study. The GG/M.9 trees did not have significantly larger TCA than those on B.9 until 2005. Trees on B.9 were 23% and 31% smaller in 2005 for GG and CG, respectively, for B.9 than on M.9. Flowering occurred first and in greater abundance for GG/B.9. At the end of the 10th growing season, there was no difference in number of fruit or total yield per tree within cultivars by rootstock. However, for both cultivars, efficiency was highest for trees on B.9. Rootsuckers were greatest for trees on B.9. Fruit weight, when adjusted with number of fruit/tree as a covariate, was different for GG in some years.

Breeding implications of juvenile selection in a range-wide black spruce provenance test

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Nienstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Growth Differences

Using 3-year heights, the tallest 49 provenances were selected in a nursery test of 110 black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) provenances. A field test of the selected provenances was planted in Wisconsin; two tests of 108 provenances, both in Minnesota. Characteristics evaluated in the nursery included heights after two, three, and five growing seasons, and growth initiation and cessation in the second and third growing season. Heights were measured in the field tests. Separate statistical analyses, ANOVA and simple correlation, were used for the full complement of provenances and for those that were selected. All nursery characteristics varied significantly; the correlations between latitude and height decreased with age, and were not significant after five season's growth. Differences among provenances in free growth may explain this. Selection at age 3 years was not effective; too many selection errors were evident in the test of the full complement of provenances. Early selection on the basis of heights and phenological characteristics is not an effective way of reducing large range-wide provenance tests to breeding populations.

scholarly journals Wines produced with 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes from the region of Bagé in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Renata Gimenez Sampaio Zocche ◽  
Suziane Antes Jacobs ◽  
Norton Victor Sampaio ◽  
Velci Queiróz de Souza ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wines made from grapes cultivated in the region of Bagé, RS, Brazil, during three crop seasons. A randomized complete block design was carried out with three treatments and three replicates.The evaluations were performed for the 2004, 2007, and 2008 growing seasons. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wines of the 2004, 2008, and 2009 harvests differed for the following parameters: density, alcoholic content, total acidity, pH, reducing sugars, OD 420, 520, and 620, color intensity, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, rubidium, phosphorus, methanol, propanol, 2-methyl-l-propanol, 2, 3 - methyl-l-butanol, and sum of alcohols. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' has potential to be produced in the Bagé region, and to help it to become a wine growing region in Brazil.

scholarly journals Early Spring Snowmelt and Summer Droughts Strongly Impair the Resilience of Key Microbial Communities in Subalpine Grassland Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Hafeez ◽  
Lionel Bernard ◽  
Jean-Christophe Clement ◽  
Franck Poly ◽  
Thomas Pommier
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Early Snowmelt

Subalpine grassland ecosystems are important from biodiversity, agriculture, and touristic perspectives but their resilience to seasonally occurring climatic extremes is increasingly challenged with climate change, accelerating their vulnerability to tipping points. Microbial communities, which are central in ecosystem functioning, are usually considered as more resistant and highly resilient to such extreme events due to their functional redundancy and strong selection in residing habitats. To investigate this, we explored the soil microbial responses upon recurrent summer droughts associated with early snowmelt in grasslands mesocosms set-up at the Lautaret Pass (French Alps). Potential respiration, nitrification and denitrification were monitored over a period of two growing seasons along with quantification of community gene abundances of total bacteria as well as (de)nitrifiers. Results revealed that droughts had a low and short-term impact on bacterial total respiration supporting their hypothesized high resistance and ability to recover. Nitrification and abundances of the corresponding functional guilds showed relatively strong resistance to summer droughts but declined in response to early snowmelt. This triggered a cascading effect on denitrification but also on the abundances of denitrifying communities which could recover from all climatic extremes except from the summer droughts where nitrifiers were collapsed. Denitrification and the respective functional groups faced high impact of applied stresses with strong reduction in the abundance and activity of this specialized community. Although, the consequently lower microbial competition for nitrate may be positive for plant biomass production, warnings exist when considering the potential nitrogen leaching from these ecosystems as well as risks of greenhouses gases emission such as N2O

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO COMPLEMENTAR VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO SUBMETIDO AO DESPENDOAMENTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
CRIZ RENÊ ZANOVELLO ◽  
FABIANO PACENTCHUK ◽  
JAQUELINE HUZAR-NOVAKOWISKI ◽  
GUILHERME ZAMBONIN ◽  
ANTHONY HASEGAWA SANDINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Negative Effect

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

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