(126) Response of Six Begonia Species to Different Substrate EC

There is limited information on optimal substrate EC level for begonia species (noncultivated hybrids). The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of six species to different substrate EC in a greenhouse. Begonia albopicta, B. cucullata var. cucullata, B. echinosepala var. elongatifolia, B. holtonis, B. fuchsioides (red) and B. fuchsioides (pink) plants were propagated by stem cuttings, and transplanted into plastic pots using a soilless mix. Five concentrations (20, 80, 200, 400, and 600 mg·L-1 N) of 17–5–17 fertilizer were applied as irrigation water to derive the five substrate EC levels. This experiment was a factorial randomized complete-block design. Substrate EC was measured weekly using the PourThru method and averaged for each treatment of each species. Inflorescence number, the longest stem length, SPAD readings, leaf area, and dry weight of each plant were measured as growth parameters. There were significant responses to substrate EC level and species on begonia growth parameters. The highest growth parameters of B. albopicta and B. cucullata were obtained at EC 5.7 and 6.6 mS·cm-1, respectively. The maximum growth of B. echinosepala and B. holtonis was observed at 2.6 and 3.0 mS·cm-1, respectively. B. fuchsioides, grown at 1.2 mS·cm-1, had the best growth parameter values. As EC level increased, SPAD value for B. fuchsioides (pink) and B. holtonis also increased. The highest SPAD reading was observed at EC 3.7 mS·cm-1 for B. albopicta, EC 6.6 mS·cm-1 for B. cucullata, EC 2.6 mS·cm-1 for B. echinosepala, and EC 4.1 mS·cm-1 for B. fuchsioides (red). Plant mortality of several begonia species was observed when grown at EC value above 6.4 or below 4.4 mS·cm-1.

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(125) Response of Six Begonia Species to Different Substrate pH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1085c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1085C-1085

Author(s):

Ka Yeon Jeong ◽

Claudio Pasian ◽

David Tay

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Stem Length ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Limited Information ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Substrate Ph ◽

Plastic Containers

Substrate pH of soilless media directly affects nutrient availability. Limited information about the effect of substrate pH on growth of begonia species (not cultivated hybrids) was found in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrate pH on the growth and quality of six begonia species grown from June to Aug. 2004. The targeted pH ranges (<4.5, 4.5∼5.0, 5.0∼5.5, 5.5∼6.0, 6.0∼6.5, 6.5∼7.0, and over 7.0) of the peat-based substrates were obtained by adding seven different amounts of dolomitic hydrated lime: 0, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, and 2.6 kg·m3. Begonia albopicta, B. cucullata var. cucullata, B. echinosepala var. elongatifolia, B. holtonis, B. fuchsioides (red), and B. fuchsioides (pink), were propagated by stem cuttings, and then transplanted into plastic containers. This experiment was a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete-block design. The pH was monitored weekly using the pour-through method and adjusted accordingly by adding flowable lime or a mild sulfuric acid solution. The pH values were averaged for each treatment of each species. There were significant differences between species in the inflorescence number and SPAD readings, but no interaction between species and substrate pH was found. Stem length, leaf area, and dry weight of each plant were significantly affected by species and substrate pH. B. albopicta performed best at substrate pH of 5.6 and 6.0, showing no symptoms of phytotoxicity. B. cucullata, above substrate pH 6.0, and B. holtonis at pH 5.0 and 5.6 had the highest vegetative growth and plant quality. Plant mortality was observed for B. cucullata and B. fuchsioides (red) at pH below 4.4 and 5.3, respectively.

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EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MEDICINAL COLEUS (COLEUS FORSKOHLII BRIQ.)

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.s1.410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽

Author(s):

C. Muruganandam ◽

R. Ezhilnilavu ◽

S. Sivasankar

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Integrated Nutrient Management ◽

Coleus Forskohlii ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Castor Cake

Medicinal coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.) is one of the commercial Indian medicinal herb. It plays an important role in medicinal industry. The demand of tuberous roots is very high, but the productivity is very low. Therefore the integrated nutrient management could help in achieving higher growth in medicinal coleus. Thus, an experiment was conducted to know the “Effect of Integrated nutrient management on growth of medicinal coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.)” at Sirukalathur village, Ariyalur District - Tamilnadu during the year 2018-2020. A field experiment was consist of different combination of nutrients viz., recommended dose of fertilizers, farmyard manure, neem cake, castor cake and bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum and Azotobacter). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replications. Among these various treatments tried, plants supplied with T5 (75 % RDF + FYM @ 15 t ha-1 + Castor cake @ 2 t ha-1 + Azotobacter @10 kg ha-1) was recorded maximum growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant spread, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1, LAI, fresh and dry weight of leaves and shoots plant-1 and dry matter production

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Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in sandy loam soil of Prayagraj

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2021.221218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1&2) ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Jayshree K. ◽

Umesha C.

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Loam Soil

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2020 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) on sandy loam soil to assess the effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of Cowpea. The design of field experiment was Randomized block design consisting of ten treatments each replicated thrice. Experimental results showed significant increase in growth parameter viz., Plant height (81.09 cm), number of branches (4.87), number of nodules (53.27), plant dry weight (30.43 g/plant), crop growth rate (12.59 g/m2/plant) and yield attributing parameters viz., pods/plant (14.73), seeds/ pod (8.85), 100-seed weight (8.02 g), seed yield (2.62 t/ha) and biological yield (9.07 t/ha) were recorded with dual inoculation of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza along with 55 kg phosphorus per hectare.

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Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9080182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Ruchi Bansal ◽

Swati Priya ◽

Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽

Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽

Mahesh Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Cd Tolerance ◽

Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

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Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators on Vegetative and Physiological Growth Parameters in Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2930962 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100-109

Author(s):

Y. Rajasekhara Reddy ◽

G. Ramanandam ◽

P. Subbaramamma ◽

A. V. D. Dorajeerao

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Area Index ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi ◽

Number Of Leaves

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-2019, at college farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laidout in a Randomised Block Design with eleven treatments (viz., T1- NAA @ 50 ppm, T2-NAA @ 100 ppm, T3-GA3 @ 50 ppm, T4-GA3 @ 100 ppm, T5-Thiourea @ 250 ppm, T6-Thiourea @ 500 ppm, T7-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.1 ppm, T8-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.2 ppm, T9-Triacontinol @ 2.5 ppm, T10-Triacontinol @ 5 ppm, T11-(Control) Water spray) and three replications. The treatments were imposed at 30 and 45 DAT in the form of foliar spray. Foliar application of GA3@ 100 ppm (T4) had recorded the maximum plant height (108.20 cm), leaf area (9.53 cm2) and leaf area index (0.74). Foliar application of thiourea @ 250 ppm (T5) had recorded the maximum values with respect to number of primary branches (15.03 plant-1), number of secondary branches (83.40 plant-1), plant spread (1793 cm2 plant-1), fresh weight (376.29 g plant-1), dry weight (103.54 g plant-1) and number of leaves plant-1((298.8). The same treatment (T5) had recorded the highest values with respect to crop growth rate (1.44 gm-2d-1), chlorophyll-a (1.40 mg g-1), chlorophyll-b (0.076 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg g-1) in the leaves.

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Pertumbuhan Stek Batang Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.) pada Umur Tanaman, Bagian Batang, dan Media Tanam yang Berbeda

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.6.2.91-98 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Nicha Muslimawati ◽

Ketty Suketi ◽

Anas D. Susila

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Stem Length ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Growing Media ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Rooted Cutting ◽

Stem Base ◽

Indigenous Media

ABSTRACTPohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.) is one of indigenous vegetables that grows in the mountain areas of West Java. Propagule availability in large quantities and in a short time can be done with cuttings. However, propagation of Pohpohan by cutting has not been developed presently. The objective of the research was to obtain the best plant age, stem part, and growing media for the growth of pohpohan stem cuttings. The research was conducted at the Center of Tropical Horticulture Studies Experimental Field Tajur-Bogor, from January to July 2013. The cuttings were taken from mother plants of 3, 4, 5, and 6 months, then the cuttings were cut to stem tips (B1), central stem (B2), and stem base (B3). The were five cuttings per experimental unit. Experiment were replicated 3 times. Cuttings were planted in polybag containing topsoil media (M0), rockwool (M1), husk and compost (M2), and vermicompost (M3). The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design. Result of experiment showed that pohpohan from 4 monthmother plant cut at stem base grow in husk and compost grow best (99.06% of living percentages, 100% percentage of rooted cutting and 11-12 number of leaves). The cutting of stem tips grown in husk and compost showed the highest mean for the increase of stem length, 3.94 cm. There were no interaction between growing media of stem cuttings and part of stem in the growth of shoot height, number of branch, leaf width, and diameter of stem. Key words: growing media, indigenous, pohpohan, stem cuttings ABSTRAKPohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.) merupakan salah satu sayuran indigenous yang banyak tumbuh di daerah pegunungan Jawa Barat. Pemenuhan kebutuhan bibit pohpohan dalam jumlah yang banyak dan dalam waktu yang singkat dapat dilakukan dengan perbanyakan vegetatif stek. Namun demikian perbanyakan stek pada pohpohan belum banyak dikembangkan untuk saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah memperoleh umur bahan tanaman, bagian batang, dan media tanam yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan stek batang pohpohan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) Tajur-Bogor, dari Januari sampai Juli 2013. Pohpohan yang digunakan yaitu berumur 3, 4, 5, dan 6 bulan, kemudian dilakukan stek batang pada bagian pucuk (B1), tengah (B2), dan pangkal (B3). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas lima stek, percobaan terdiri atas tiga ulangan. Stek dimasukkan ke dalam polibag dengan media tanam topsoil (M0), rockwool (M1), arang sekam dan kompos (M2), serta kascing (M3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stek pohpohan yang berasal dari tanaman 4 bulan, bagian pangkal batang dan ditanam pada media arang sekam dan kompos memiliki pertumbuhan yang terbaik dengan rata-rata persentase hidup 99.06%, persentase berakar 100%, dan jumlah daun 11-12 helai. Stek pada pucuk batang yang ditanam pada media arang sekam dan kompos memiliki penambahan panjang batang stek 3.94 cm. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan stek pada media tanam dengan bagian batang terhadap perumbuhan tinggi tunas, jumlah cabang, lebar daun, dan diameter batang.Kata kunci: indigenous, media tanam, pohpohan, stek batang

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Mulch Application on Growth Performance and Pod Yields of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under Irrigated Condition

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v27i530089 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Temesgen Molla ◽

Girma Abera ◽

Sheleme Beyene

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Banana Leaves

Hot pepper is an important vegetable and spice crop in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of hot pepper is limited by poor soil fertility and lack of proper soil and water conservation measures under irrigated condition. Therefore, hot pepper crop response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and mulching experiment was conducted at Alage ATVET College. The treatments consisted of three mulch types (no mulch, transparent plastic mulch, and dry banana leaves mulch) and four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A hot pepper cultivar commonly known as “MarekoFana” was used for the study. Days to 50% flowering, 50% fruit set, maturity and harvest were significantly prolonged in response to increasing N application. The delays were about 7, 19, 23 and 12 days at the N levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1respectively compared to the control. The analysis of variance revealed that plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, dry weight of seeds per pod, total weight of dried pods per plant, weight of individual dry pods and width were significantly (P = .001) increased by the main effect of mulching. Generally, the results revealed that nitrogen application significantly (P = .001) influenced all growth parameters, pod yield, and yield components of the crop. Nitrogen application at 100 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest total dried pod yield (4.5 tha-1), marketable yield (3.76 t ha- 1), pod length (13.3 cm), pod width (3.2 cm), mean dry weight of pod (3.85 g), and seed number per pod (108.4). The interaction of N and mulching also significantly (P = .05) affected marketable and total pod yields. In conclusion, based on agronomic performance and partial budget analyses results we recommend a combined application of dry banana leaves mulch and 100 kg N ha-1 for economically feasible and sustainable hot pepper production in Alage areas of Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

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Application of Potassium Fertilizer and Chicken Coop Fertilizer Against Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.)

Nabatia ◽

10.21070/nabatia.v9i1.1454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andy Pradana ◽

Al Machfudz WDP

Keyword(s):

Growth Phase ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

This study aims to determine the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure to the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.). The study used a randomized block design with 2 factors repeated 3 times. Factor 1: Potassium Fertilizer 40,60,80 kg/ha. Factor 2: Chicken Manure 5,10,15 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure did not interact with either the growth phase or the production phase of the plant on all observation variables, while the potassium fertilizer treatment showed significantly different results only on the plant vegetative growth parameters, namely the number of leaves at the age of 7 days after planting, namely ( 8,111 strands), while the vegetative phase had no significant effect on the number of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per plot, dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump, and dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot. While the treatment of chicken manure had a significant effect on the vegetative growth phase of plants, namely the length of plants at 28 DAP (30.278 cm) and 35 DAP (32.704 cm), on the number of leaves at 7 DAP (8,000 strands). While the generative phase (60 DAP) significantly affected the number of tubers per clump, namely (5,889 grams), wet weight of tubers per clump (38,333 grams), wet weight of tubers per plot (319,000 grams), dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump. namely (23.074 grams), and the dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot (191.889 grams).

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Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/21/2011-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Repáč ◽

J. Vencurik ◽

M. Balanda

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Alginate Bead ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ecm Fungi

Laboratory-produced alginate-bead inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi Cortinarius sp. and Gomphidius glutinosus, fungal commercial products ECtovit® and Trichomil®, bacterial commercial product BactoFil B®, and commercial rooting stimulator Vetozen® were applied to a peat-perlite (1:2, v:v) rooting substrate of Norway spruce stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old nursery-grown seedlings immediately before the insertion of cuttings into the substrate. The application of beads free of fungi and the substrate without an additive were the other treatments. The cuttings were rooted in vessels (60 cuttings per vessel, 180 per treatment) placed in a glasshouse and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The cuttings were estimated for one growing season (approximately for 26 weeks) after their insertion into the rooting substrate. Rooting % of the cuttings ranged from 45 (mycelium-free beads) to 75 (control) according to treatments, 64 on average. No significant differences among treatments were found in % of ECM morphotypes, total ECM colonization of roots (%), and growth parameters of shoots and roots of the cuttings. The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi. Inoculation by the ECM fungus Cortinarius sp. and application of Trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings. Shoot and root growth parameters were not significantly correlated with total ECM colonization, except for a negative dependence of the root number in Trichomil treatment. A higher concentration of K but lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in Ectovit treatment than in the other treatments were detected.

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Effect of Shading and Mowing on the Growth of Indonesia’s Native Zoysia grass in Silty Clay Soil

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.40303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Rahayu Rahayu ◽

Mujiyo Mujiyo ◽

Randy Ramadhan ◽

Geun Mo Yang ◽

Joon Soo Choi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Warm Season ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Exposure Condition ◽

Limited Information ◽

Silty Clay Soil

In general, turfgrass grows well and forms high quality turf under full sun exposure. It is very difficult, however, to grow a warm season turfgrass under shaded condition. Zoysia grass is a popular warm season grass that commonly grow under full sun exposure condition. There are limited information regarding the growth response and turf quality of zoysia grass when grown under shaded condition. This study aims to observe the growth and quality of various zoysia grass local cultivars at different shading intensities and different mowing. This research was carried out using 10 zoysia grass cultivars planted in the rice fields’ vertisol clay with randomized complete block design. The shading used were control, shade-nets with 25% and 65% hole densities. Zoysia grass was fertilized using NPK; 4:1:3 and mowed three times. The results showed that plants without shade, 25% and 65% received on average solar irradiance of 25,141; 12,456 and 3,727 lux. The increase in shade level decreased the shoot fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight and the plant height. Shading and frequent mowing effected the plant height. Mowing has more effect on plant height in 25% shading than in 65% shading. The increase in shading, in mowed grass showed increased plant height and decreased plant dry weight. Mowing three times can reduce plant height in all shades. The grasses under 25% shading resulted the highest plant dry weight; whereas and shading 65% resulted the lowest. Plant dry weight and uniformity of turf were affected by the cultivars.

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