scholarly journals Inheritance of Flowering without Vernalization in Seed-propagated Lilium formosanum Wallace

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100C-1100
Author(s):  
David C. Zlesak ◽  
Neil O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Lilium Formosanum

A majority of commercial Lilium hybrids and species do not flower the first year from seed or scales due to an obligate vernalization requirement. The Formosa lily (L. formosanum) is a unique species within the genus Lilium because some genotypes flower from seed the first year without vernalization. The objective of this study is to determine the inheritance of stem emergence, which culminates in flowering, in seed-propagated families without vernalization. Nine L. formosanum genotypes, selected from six populations for obligate or non-obligate vernalization for flowering, were intermated to generate 23 families with 104 seedlings per family. Families were grown in a randomized complete-block design at 21 °C (day/night) and data collected were seedling mortality, stem emergence or rosetting without vernalization, and weeks to emergence. At the end of 44 weeks, rosetted genotypes were vernalized for 8 weeks (4 °C); 100% emerged. We propose this trait is controlled by two genes. For flowering without vernalization to occur, there needs to be at least one dominant allele at one of the loci. Locus Ver2 has less penetrance than Ver1. Families segregating for dominant alleles at both Ver1 and Ver2 emerged sooner (34.2 weeks) than those segregating for a dominant allele at only Ver1 (36.1 weeks) or Ver2 (37.6 weeks). Identification of these genes can aid in the development of uniform, fast-flowering L. formosanum hybrids as well as aid in the introgression of this trait into standard commercial lily classes.

scholarly journals Productivity and Fruit Quality Influenced by Bioestimulant in Olive under Hot and Arid Environment of Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva- Contreras ◽  
Rubén Macías- Duarte ◽  
Arturo López- Carvajal ◽  
Fabián Robles- Contreras ◽  
Manuel de Jesús Valenzuela- Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Actually modern fruit trees physiology is focused on the stimulation of plant cell development and fruit production using bioestimulant. This study evaluated the effect of bioestimulant ‘Engordone’ under two doses (0.5 and 1.0 L ha-1) and two times (pea-size fruit and 28 days later) in olive tree cv Manzanilla under hot and arid environment of Mexico. The experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 at National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock (INIFAP) in the Experimental Station Coast of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The experiment was carried out on olive tree of eight years old, planted at distance of 10 x 5 m (200 trees ha-1) and under drip irrigation system. The experiment was analyzed using a randomized complete block design and four replications. The variables evaluated were olive yield, classification by size and fruit characteristics (fruit weight and pulp-pit ratio). The results showed that bioestimulant application had little effect on olive yield which increased the yield by 14.1 and 6.5% in 2018 and 2019, respectively compared to untreated trees, but without statistical difference. Fruit characteristic were no affected by treatments. Only the percentage of non-marketable fruit was statistically (P<0.05) reduced in the first year. Finally, new biostimulants and times of application are necessary to carried out to improve the size of table olives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Some Secondary Metabolites of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) in Response to Biological and Chemical Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Reza Isazadeh Hajagha ◽  
Leila Tabrizi ◽  
Ebru Kafkas ◽  
Saliha Kırıc
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Purple coneflower (Echinacea pupurea L.) is an ornamental-medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It has long been used as an herbal medicine. In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yields of purple coneflower, an experiment was conducted at Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, University of Tehran. The trial was arranged based on a randomized complete block design, with eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were included control (no fertilizers), nitrogen-fixing, bacteria: Azospirillum lipoferum (AL), Azotobacter chrococum (AC), phosphorus solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorecens, (PF), Glomus intrradices inoculum (GI), the mixture of the three bacteria and the mixture of the three bacteria plus the mycorrhizal inoculum. According to the results of HPLC, Catechin content was high at herbage in both years. In addition, the best results have been taken from the AL and AC with the control. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and Epicatechin contents were higher during the first year of the herbage, and control, AC and AL treatments gave high value. Ferulic acid was high in the herbage during the first year and generally high values were obtained from PF and GI treatments. Quercetin content was high in plant root during the first year with AC application.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Afforestation in North Mississippi on Retired Farmland Using Pinus echinata: First-Year Results

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Kushla
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract In March 2005, 1-0 bareroot shortleaf pine was planted on retired fields of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station near Holly Springs, Mississippi. Objectives of the study were to evaluate (1) subsoiling and (2) herbaceous weed control (HWC) on 1st-year seedling survival and size. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The subsoiling treatment was completed in December 2004. The HWC treatment was 4-oz Arsenal AC + 2-oz Oust XP product per sprayed acre applied in a 4-ft band over the row in April 2005. In addition, mowing was completed three times between rows during the first growing season. First-year seedling measurements were completed by March 2006 on seedling survival, groundline diameter (GLD), and total height. Subsoil tillage did not have a significant effect on 1st-year survival, diameter, or height. HWC had a significant effect on shortleaf GLD but not survival or height.

scholarly journals Planting methods and depths for the yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Agusto Lima Quaresma ◽  
Fábio Luis De Oliveira ◽  
José Franciso Teixeira Do Amaral ◽  
Magno Do Carmo Parajara ◽  
Leandro Pin Dalvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Planting Method

Crop management is necessary in sprouting, cycle and productivity of most plants of commercial interest. However, recommendations and information are scarce for yacon cultivation, mainly regarding the possible interferences of planting method and depth in the crop development and production. Therefore, the objective was to study the influence of the planting methods and depths on yacon tuberous roots development and production in high altitude conditions. The experiment was a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in a subdivided plots scheme. The plots consisted of three planting methods (groove, pit and ridge) and subplots characterized by four planting depths (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm). Evaluations were carried out from the sprouting process of the rhizophores to the yield of tuberous roots. The planting methods in a pit and ridge had lower seedling mortality rates (27.5 and 20.2% lowers than grooves) and higher yields of tuberous roots (31.2 and 21.4% higher than grooves). The planting depths of 5 and 10 cm of the rhizophores were shown to be the most suitable for yacon cultivation for the three planting methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma and fungicide on seedling establishment and yield performance of dry direct seeded boro rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
MM Hassan ◽  
S Hossain ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
S Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
And Control ◽  
Boro Rice

Poor seedling establishment and seedling mortality is the major barrier to optimum stand establishment in dry direct seeded boro rice. Experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during January to June 2013 to study the effect of Trichoderma and fungicide application on seedling establishment and yield performance of dry direct seeded Boro rice. The experiment comprised ten treatment combinations of Trichoderma and fungicides viz. seed treatment with Trichoderma (M1), seed treatment with Trichoderma+spraying of Thiovit (M2), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Propiconazole (M3), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M4), spraying of Thiovit (M5), spraying of Propiconazole (M6), seed treatment with Thiovit + spraying of Propiconazole (M7), seed treatment with Propiconazole + spraying of Thiovit (M8), spraying of mixture of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M9), and control (no fungicide or Trichoderma ) (M10).The experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experiment revealed that seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum followed by spraying of Thiovit gave the highest yield of rice. The study concludes that Trichoderma and then application of sulphur fungicide at 20 days after sowing could be practiced for ensuring high seedling establishment and yield of rice under dry direct seeded system in boro season.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 37-42, June 2016

Novel Liquid Mycofungicide: An Ideal Approach in Protecting Tomato from the Damping-off Disease in Nursery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Kumhar ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar ◽  
Indu Arora ◽  
Arun Kumar Bhatia ◽  
Vinod Kumar Batra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Background: A novel liquid formulation of Trichoderma asperellum was prepared and its effectiveness was assessed by different methods for the management of tomato damping-off in the nursery. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years in a randomized block design with three replications. Results: T. asperellum formulation improved seed germination and management of tomato damping-off when compared with control. All the treatments performed better over control, in the first year, the antagonist’s application enhanced seed germination up to 75.75 percent, however, it was 60.13 percent in control. There was 10.93 to 20.38 percent seedling mortality due to damping off which was comparatively lower than the control (26.98%). A similar trend of seed germination and disease incidence was observed in the second year. In addition to managing the disease, the antagonist certainly promoted the vegetative growth which was reflected as increased shoot and root length in comparison to control during both years. During the first year, shoot length ranged 10.90 – 12.85 cm as compared to the control (8.72 cm) and root length ranged from 3.21 to 3.65 cm which was greater than the control. Almost a similar trend in the vegetative growth parameters of seedling was observed during the second year. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the tested antagonist’s formulation could efficiently managed the tomato damping-off as well as encouraged the vegetative growth of seedlings which ultimately ensured better and healthy seedling. And this formulation can successefully used through different methods to take care of tomato damping off.

scholarly journals Sistem Pertanian Terpadu Hedgerow Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani Lahan Kering

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Darmawan Risal
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Integrated Farming Systems ◽  
Local Farmers

Agricultural systems carried out by local farmers on dry land sloping topography Gowa in particular proved a negative impact on production which impact on decreasing the income of farmers. This study aims to determine whether the Hedgerow integrated farming systems may increase the income of dryland farmers. The research was conducted on dry land with a slope of 30% in Gowa. Research using randomized complete block design with four treatments and two replications. Components of each treatment that is P0 (corn, mangosteen, Gliricidia), P1 (corn, mangosteen, Gamal, mischantus), P2 (corn, mangosteen, Gamal, Setaria), P3 (corn, mangosteen, Gamal, elephant grass) economic analysis using nalisis production, R / c Ratio and NPV. The results of the analysis of production per season showed P3 treatment is treated with the highest income of USD 19,123,446 and in line with the highest total receipts per year. R / c ratio integrated farming systems Hedgerow very feasible where P3 has feasibility level high while the NPV P0 is treated with NPV room where the first year until the 6th year that are in deficit figures while P1, P2, P3 obtained an increase from the first year until the 20th year. This study proves that integrated farming systems Hedgerow increase farmers' income and very worthy to be applied on dry land marginal bertopografi particularly skewed

scholarly journals Germination and Growth of Citrus: Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) in Different Organic Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Birkha Bahadur Tamang ◽  
Sonam Tashi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Secondary Roots

This study was carried out to explore the effect of different organic substrates on germination and growth of trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). The experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research and Development Sub-center (ARDSC), Mithun, Tsirang from July 2014 to March 2015. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated four times and there were seven treatments. Six different combinations of organic substrates were used. Germination of the seed was done in plug trays of 60 cm x 45 cm with 60 plug holes and effect on germination was assessed until 30 days after sowing (DAS). After transplanting the seedlings in poly pots (12 cm x 6 cm), assessment on growth parameters was done until 210 days after transplanting (DAT). T5: biogas slurry + topsoil + sand + leaf mold + sawdust + rice husk (2: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1) had water holding capacity of 62.7%, air-filled porosity of 8.1%, OM of 6.3%, maximum seed emergence rate of 37.4%, maximum germination index (7.6) and maximum germination percentage of 91.3%. Besides, stem height of 15 cm, stem girth of 3.6 mm, taproot length of 35.6 cm, the number of secondary roots of 61, secondary root spread of 21.4 cm and seedling mortality rate of zero was significantly (p ˂ .01) different from other treatments.

scholarly journals Producción animal en pasturas de tres leguminosas asociadas con Urochloa decumbens en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-205
Author(s):  
Alvaro Rincón Castillo ◽  
Mayra Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Desmodium Ovalifolium ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Pasture Legume

In a loamy clay soil of the Colombian Altillanura, animal production of the legumes Centrosema molle accession CIAT 15160, C. macrocarpum accession CIAT 15799 and Grona heterocarpa subsp. ovalifolia (syn. Desmodium ovalifolium) cv. Maquenque, in association with Urochloa decumbens (syn. Brachiaria decumbens) cv. Decumbens, was evaluated under rotational grazing with zebu Brahman steers. The experiment was established in a native savanna area at the Carimagua Research Center of Agrosavia, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. During three years of grazing, C. molle stood out over the other legumes, due to its good forage production and ability to associate and persist with the grass, reaching 40% in the botanical composition in the first year and 24% in the third year. The highest animal liveweight (LW) gains were achieved with this legume with, on average, 760 g/animal/day in the rainy season and 500 g/animal/day in the dry season. With an average stocking rate equivalent to 800 kg LW/ha, mean annual hectare productivity of the pasture with C. molle reached 600 kg LW compared with an average of about 380 kg/ha/year obtained in the other associations and in the grass-only pasture. It is concluded that C. molle CIAT 15160 is a promising pasture legume for the region and confirming its productivity and persistence at farm level and in association with other grasses seems warranted.

Study the Effect of Mycorrizal Fungi¸Chitosan and Cycocel on Agronomic Characteristics of Rainfed Chickpea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Rezaie ◽  
B Pasari ◽  
Kh Mohammadi ◽  
A Rokhzadi ◽  
E Karami
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Second Year

This experiment was conducted as split-split plot in a randomized complete block design in two consecutive years (2016-2017) in rainfed conditions of Iran. The main plot consisted of mycorrhiza inoculations (uninoculation: control and inoculation) by Glomus intraradices and sub plot involved chitosan application (0, 0.5 and 1gr/lit) and sub-subplots were foliar application of cycocel (0, 0.5 and 1 gr/lit). The results showed that the number of infertile pods was influenced by chitosan, cycocel, interactions of mycorrhiza × cycocel and chitosan × cycocel in the first year. Also in the first year, the number of fertilized pods and seed yield was also affected by the interaction of mycorrhiza × cycocel and increased by mycorrhiza × cyocel (1gr/l) compared to the control by 23.35 and 24.05%, respectively. The protein percentage in the second year was also significantly affected by the interaction of chitosan × cycocel.

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