scholarly journals Propagule Type Affects Growth and Fruiting of Uapaca kirkiana, a Priority Indigenous Fruit Tree of Southern Africa

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Festus K. Akinnifesi ◽  
Simon A. Mng'omba ◽  
Gudeta Sileshi ◽  
Thomson G. Chilanga ◽  
Jarret Mhango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Dry Matter Allocation ◽  
Uapaca Kirkiana ◽  
Tree Development ◽  
Fruit Load

One of the limitations of Uapaca kirkiana on-farm cultivation is the long juvenile phase to reach a stable fruiting stage. Marcots and grafts have been identified as feasible and reliable propagation methods for precocious fruiting, but the effects of different propagule types on tree growth and fruit yield have not been evaluated. There is limited knowledge on development and growth forms for trees derived from different propagules. Grafts and marcots were compared with saplings to assess the variability in 1) field growth and fruiting of U. kirkiana; and 2) dry matter allocation pattern and tree development models among trees derived from different propagules. Tree development models were used to examine differences among trees from different propagules. The results show that number of branches and fruit load significantly differed between vegetative propagules and saplings, whereas tree height, root collar diameter, crown spread, and fruit size and weight were similar 8 years after establishment. The results suggest differences in intraspecific scaling relationships between height and diameter among propagule sources. Saplings showed a significantly better fit (r2 = 0.891; P < 0.0001) to the scaling relationship than grafts (r2 = 0.724; P = 0.002) and marcots (r2 = 0.533; P = 0.018). After 3 years, marcots and grafts started producing fruits. Fruit load was greatest in marcots despite some fruit abortions; thus, marcots had greater fruit yield, early growth, and development and better dry matter allocation.

Use of Lycopersicon cheesmanii and L. chmielewskii to increase dry matter content of tomato fruit

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Poysa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Content

Advanced lines and backcrosses from interspecific hybridization of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with six L. chmielewskii (Rick, Kesicki, Fobes and Holle) and L. cheesmanii (Riley) accessions were evaluated in the field over 2 yr for soluble solids content (SSC), total solids content (TSC), fruit yield and fruit size to determine the effectiveness of combining elevated solids levels with high fruit yield and size following early generation selection. More than a quarter of the lines had significantly higher SSC levels than the recurrent tomato parent, Purdue 812 (P812). Several lines combined high SSC and TSC with high fruit yield and large fruit size to produce more dry matter yield per hectare or per fruit than P812. Two backcrosses were optimal for combining high SSC and high yield. SSC and TSC were negatively correlated with fruit size and, to a lesser degree, with fruit yield. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, soluble solids, total solids

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Miyobi Growth Regulators on Morpho-Physiological Attributes and Yield in Chili

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
MIK Rana ◽  
MMA Mondal ◽  
AKMA Prodhan ◽  
MG Azam
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Yield Attributes

Miyobi solution sprayed on chili plants at 30 days after transplanting. Application of Miyobi increased plant height, branch and leaf number, root length, root number, root weight, stem weight, total dry matter, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in leaves, fruits plant-1 and fruit yield over control. Reverse trend was also observed in fruit size. Most of the morphological, biochemical, yield attributes were increased with increasing Miyobi concentration up to 0.8 mgL-1 followed by a decline. These results indicate that application of Miyobi @ 1.1 mgL-1 may be toxic for plant growth and development. Control, where only water was sprayed, showed the lowest of the above parameters. The higher fruit yield was recorded in 0.5 and 0.8 mgL-1 with being the highest in 0.5 mgL-1 (369.8 g plant-1) due to increased number of fruits plant-1. The lowest fruit yield was recorded in control (260.3 g plant-1) due to inferiority in yield attributes. However, application of Miyobi at 0.8 mgL-1 was more costly than 0.5 mgL-1. Therefore, Miyobi with 0.5 mgL-1 may be applied for increased fruit yield of chili for further recommendation few more field trials will require.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10158J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 111-114, 2011  

Effects of preharvest drip-irrigation scheduling on strawberry yield, quality and growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kirnak ◽  
C. Kaya ◽  
D. Higgs ◽  
I. Bolat ◽  
M. Simsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Quality

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cultivars, Oso Grande and Camarosa were grown in the field from July 1999 to May 2000 in order to investigate the effectiveness of preharvest drip-irrigation management on fruit yield, quality (i.e. soluble dry matter, fruit size), leaf macro-nutrient composition and normal growth parameters. All plots were irrigated uniformly until 2 weeks before harvest. Differential treatments were then imposed ranging from a complete cut-off of irrigation to full irrigation through the harvest period. Preharvest drip-irrigation management treatments were (i) complete irrigation cut-off, dry (D), (ii) normal irrigation based on class A pan and percentage cover (C), (iii) 75% of normal irrigation, C (IR1), (iv) 50% of normal irrigation, C (IR2), and (v) 25% of normal irrigation, C (IR3). Normal irrigation (control, C) was created by irrigating plants once every 2 days at 100% A pan (Epan) evaporation. No irrigation (D) and IR3 treatments caused reductions in most parameters measured, except water-soluble dry matter concentrations (SDM) in fruit compared with other treatments. There were no significant differences between C, IR1, and IR2 treatments in normal growth parameters or leaf nutrient composition. Fruit size and SDM were both significantly affected by late-season irrigation management; individual fruit weight was significantly reduced and SDM increased even in the IR2 and IR3 treatments compared with control values. Fruit yield was not affected significantly by reduced water application except in the D treatment. These results clearly indicate that reduced preharvest irrigation was partially detrimental; a small reduction in irrigation (IR1) had little or no effect but 50% or less of normal irrigation, while not reducing overall fruit yield, resulted in smaller fruits.

A long-term experiment to study the role of mulches in the physiology and macro-nutrition of strawberry grown under water stress

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Kirnak ◽  
Cengiz Kaya ◽  
David Higgs ◽  
Sinan Gercek
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cv. ‘Oso Grande’ was grown in the field from July 1999 to May 2000 in order to investigate the effectiveness of different mulch types on fruit yield, quality (i.e. soluble dry matter, fruit size), leaf nutrient compositions, and normal plant growth parameters in strawberry grown under water stress. Treatments were: (1) bare soil + water stressed (WS), (2) bare soil + unstressed (control), (3) black polyethylene mulch + water stressed (BPM + WS), (4) wheat straw mulch + water stressed (WSM + WS), (5) wheat straw mulch plus black polyethylene mulch + water stressed (WSM + BPM + WS). Water stress was created by irrigating plants once every 3 days at 50% A pan (Epan) evaporation, compared with the control, which received 75% daily. WS caused reductions in all parameters, except water-soluble dry matter concentrations in fruits, compared with the control treatment. Both BPM and WSM improved the fruit yield, fruit size, plant dry matter, leaf area index, and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves in the stressed treatments, while these 2 mulches in combination (BPM + WSM) caused further increases in these parameters. WS enhanced electrolyte leakage by impairing membrane permeability compared with control treatment. Mulching, especially BPM and WSM together, substantially decreased electrolyte leakage. WS reduced leaf concentrations of all nutrients tested (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg). However, mulching, especially BPM and WSM together, enhanced the concentrations of these nutrients, but their concentrations were still lower than those in the control treatment. These results clearly indicate that mulching mitigates negative effects of water stress on plant growth and fruit yield in field-grown strawberry, particularly in semi-arid situations.

Corrigendum to: A long-term experiment to study the role of mulches in the physiology and macro-nutrition of strawberry grown under water stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Halil Kirnak ◽  
Cengiz Kaya ◽  
David Higgs ◽  
Sinan Gercek
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cv. ‘Oso Grande’ was grown in the field from July 1999 to May 2000 in order to investigate the effectiveness of different mulch types on fruit yield, quality (i.e. soluble dry matter, fruit size), leaf nutrient compositions, and normal plant growth parameters in strawberry grown under water stress. Treatments were: (1) bare soil + water stressed (WS), (2) bare soil + unstressed (control), (3) black polyethylene mulch + water stressed (BPM + WS), (4) wheat straw mulch + water stressed (WSM + WS), (5) wheat straw mulch plus black polyethylene mulch + water stressed (WSM + BPM + WS). Water stress was created by irrigating plants once every 3 days at 50% A pan (Epan) evaporation, compared with the control, which received 75% daily. WS caused reductions in all parameters, except water-soluble dry matter concentrations in fruits, compared with the control treatment. Both BPM and WSM improved the fruit yield, fruit size, plant dry matter, leaf area index, and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves in the stressed treatments, while these 2 mulches in combination (BPM + WSM) caused further increases in these parameters. WS enhanced electrolyte leakage by impairing membrane permeability compared with control treatment. Mulching, especially BPM and WSM together, substantially decreased electrolyte leakage. WS reduced leaf concentrations of all nutrients tested (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg). However, mulching, especially BPM and WSM together, enhanced the concentrations of these nutrients, but their concentrations were still lower than those in the control treatment. These results clearly indicate that mulching mitigates negative effects of water stress on plant growth and fruit yield in field-grown strawberry, particularly in semi-arid situations.

scholarly journals Peach Tree Response to Single and Combined Regulated Deficit Irrigation Regimes under Shallow Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Girona ◽  
Mercè Mata ◽  
Amadeu Arbonès ◽  
Simó Alegre ◽  
Josep Rufat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Fruit Load

Productive and vegetative tree responses were analyzed during 3 consecutive years in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Sudanell] plots subjected to three regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies plus a control irrigation treatment. A postharvest RDI treatment (RDI-P) was irrigated at 0.35 of control after harvest. A Stage II RDI treatment (RDI-SII) was irrigated at 0.5 of control during the lag phase of the fruit growth curve. The third treatment (RDI-SII-P) applied RDI during Stage II at 0.5 of control and postharvest at 0.35 of control. The control treatment, like RDI-P and RDI-SII-P when not receiving RDI, was irrigated at 100% of a water budget irrigation scheduling in 1994 and 1996, full crop years, and 80% of the budget in 1995, an off year with a very small crop. A carry-over effect of deficit irrigation was highly significant in all parameters measured during the third year of the experiment. The general effect of water stress during Stage II did not affect return bloom and fruit set, whereas water stress during postharvest apparently reduced both parameters. As a consequence, fruit counts and fruit load manifested marked differences between treatments, which were also correlated to changes in fruit size. The RDI-II, which had the highest fruit yield, also had the smallest fruit size, whereas RDI-P manifested the lowest yield and largest fruit size. Vegetative growth (shoot elongation and trunk cross sectional area) was significantly reduced during the first 2 years of the experiment in accordance with the amount of the irrigation reduction. However, in 1996 growth was strongly governed by fruit load. The use of RDI-SII-P represented an intermediate cropping effect between the opposite bearing behavior of RDI-SII and RDI-P, while not expecting distinctive fruit yield or size reductions and offering remarkable water savings of 22% of the control applied water.

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

scholarly journals Soil compaction and eucalyptus growth in response to forwarder traffic intensity and load

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ricardo da Silva ◽  
Nairam Félix de Barros ◽  
Liovando Marciano da Costa ◽  
Fernando Palha Leite
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Number Of Passes

During timber exploitation in forest stands harvesting machines pass repeatedly along the same track and can cause soil compaction, which leads to soil erosion and restricted tree root growth. The level of soil compaction depends on the number of passes and weight of the wood load. This paper aimed to evaluate soil compaction and eucalyptus growth as affected by the number of passes and wood load of a forwarder. The study was carried out in Santa Maria de Itabira county, Minas Gerais State - Brazil, on a seven-year-old eucalyptus stand planted on an Oxisol. The trees were felled by chainsaw and manually removed. Plots of 144 m² (four rows 12 m long in a 3 x 2 m spacing) were then marked off for the conduction of two trials. The first tested the traffic intensity of a forwarder which weighed 11,900 kg and carried 12 m³ wood (density of 480 kg m-3) and passed 2, 4, and 8 times along the same track. In the second trial, the forwarder carried loads of 4, 8, and 12 m³ of wood, and the machine was driven four times along the same track. In each plot, the passes affected four rows. Eucalyptus was planted in 30 x 30 x 30 cm holes on the compacted tracks. The soil in the area is clayey (470 clay and 440 g kg-1 sand content) and at depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, respectively, soil organic carbon was 406 and 272 g kg-1 and the moisture content during the trial 248 and 249 g kg-1. These layers were assessed for soil bulk density and water-stable aggregates. The infiltration rate was measured by a cylinder infiltrometer. After 441 days the measurements were repeated, with additional analyses of: soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, N-NH4+, N-NO3-, porosity, and penetration resistance. Tree height, stem diameter, and stem dry matter were measured. Forwarder traffic increased soil compaction, resistance to penetration and microporosity while it reduced the geometric mean diameter, total porosity, macroporosity and infiltration rate. Stem dry matter yield and tree height were not affected by soil compaction. Two passes of the forwarder were enough to cause the disturbances at the highest levels. The compaction effects were still persistent 441 days after forwarder traffic.

scholarly journals Effect of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Md. Ashabul Hoque ◽  
Md. Rasal-Monir ◽  
Sumya Fatima ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The study was carried out to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on growth and yield of okra (BARI Dherosh 1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were, T0 (without Zn or B), T1 (20 kg Zn ha-1), T2 (30 kg Zn ha-1), T3 (10 kg B ha-1), T4 (20 kg B ha-1), T5 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), T6 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1), T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1) and T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) were undertaken to evaluate the best results of the study. The highest plant height was found in T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) but the highest number of leaves plant-1 was recorded from T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1). On the other hand, the maximum leaf area index, SPAD value, mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit dry matter (%), number of fruits plant-1, fresh fruit weight plant-1 , fruit yield plot-1 and fruit yield ha-1 were found in T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), while the control (T0) showed lowest performance for the respected parameters. It is strongly concluded that 30 kg Zn ha-1 with 10 kg B ha-1 combination may be helpful for okra cultivation in the field level to increase okra production.

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