scholarly journals Interrelationships between Seed Yield and 16 Related Traits of 81 Garden Cress Landraces

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 946-948
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mohebodini ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Mohsen Janmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Crop Plant Research ◽  
Second Year

This research uses path analysis to determine the interrelationships among seed yield and 16 related Morphological traits. Eighty-one garden cress accessions from IPK (Department of Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research) were grown in two growing seasons (2012–13) to determine the important components of seed yield. Observations were recorded on 20 other canola traits. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield was positively correlated with all traits except plant height (PH) in the first year and except main axis length (MAL) and PH in the second year. Sequential path analysis (SPA) identified the thousand-seed weight (TSW), number of siliques per plant (NSP) and height of first silique (HFS) as important first order traits influenced seed yield in first year. Plant height, NSP, and the TSW were important first-order traits that influenced seed yield in the second year. This indicates that breeding programs should be based on these traits for further improvement of the garden cress. All direct effects were significant, as indicated by bootstrap analysis. The results suggest that TSW and NSP could be used as a selection criterion in selecting for increased seed yield in garden cress.

Effects of seeding densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. U. Hassan ◽  
M. H. Leitch ◽  
M. K. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Second Year

The space available to plants affects the available resources and hence modifies the growth habits and yield potential of plants. The effect of four seeding densities (250, 500, 750 and 1000 viable seeds/m2) and three row spacings (12, 15 and 20 cm) were evaluated at Morfa Mawr field station at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight and seed yield were examined during the study. Capsule index (CI) and harvest index (HI) were calculated from the observed data. During the first year, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule and capsule index were increased by decreasing the seed density, while the maximum seed yield of 3.9 t/ha was recorded at the highest seed density of 1000 seeds/m2. An increase in row spacing led to an almost linear increase in most of the yield attributes of the crop. During the second year, the response of yield and yield attributes to seeding densities was similar to that recorded during the first year. Seed yield increased with decreasing row spacing, while the rest of the components did not show any consistent response. During the first year, the overall performance and production of the crop was higher than in the second year because of the better weather conditions, with mild temperature and high rainfall during the season.

scholarly journals Irrigation Cut-off Date Affects Growth, Frost Damage, and Yield of Jojoba

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nelson ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
Paul G. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Flower bud injury resulting from freezing temperatures has been a major problem in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid.] production. A 3-year field study, which began with 4-year-old plants, evaluated the effect of three irrigation treatments on growth, flower bud survival, seed yield, seed weight, and seed wax concentration of six clones. After 3 years, irrigation cut-off dates of late May (dry treatment) and early September (medium treatment) resulted in reduced plant height and width compared to irrigating through November (wet treatment). Flower bud survival and seed yields were very low in the first year for all treatments. In the second and third years, bud survival for most clones, even at -8C, was greatly improved by withholding water in the fall. In December of the second and third years, plants in the medium and dry plots had lower leaf water potential than those in the wet plot. In the second year, plants in the medium and dry plots had seed yields that were 3.5 times higher and wax yields that were were 2.3 times higher than plants in the wet plot. In the third year, the medium treatment had the highest seed and wax yields. Average seed weight and seed wax concentration were generally highest for plants in the wet plot where seed yields were low. Withholding irrigation from jojoba in the fall appears to improve flower bud survival and seed and wax yields following cold winters.

scholarly journals Biological products of the associative group in adaptive technology of cultivation of Scarlet amaranth and Poterium polygama in the conditions of forest steppe of the middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Anna Nikolaevna Kshnikatkina ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Zueva ◽  
Inna Aleksandrovna Voronova ◽  
Anna Anatolyevna Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Second Year

In the course of studies, it was found that taking inoculation of Scarlet amaranth and Poterium polygama seeds with biologics has a positive effect on the formation of photosynthesis parameters. In amaranth agrocenoses during the panicle sweeping phase, the leaf surface area was significantly higher when seeds were inoculated with biological products than in the control variant for Kizlyarets cultivar by 23.1-36.3% and Valentina cultivar by 23.8-38.0%, the most effective the method was exogenous seed treatment with agric. The maximum parameters of photosynthesis were noted during seed maturation. So, on average for three years of research, the leaf area of the Kizlyarets variety was 64.1 and the Valentine variety 62.3 thousand m2 / ha, the photosynthetic potential, respectively, was 2.05 and 1.98 million m2 days / ha, the net productivity of photosynthesis - 8.56 and 7.66 g / m2 per day. The most intensive increase in the leaf area in the crops of the blackhead was noted in the budding phase, according to the experimental variants, it amounted to 40.8-45.3 thousand m2 / ha in the first year of use, and 41.9-46.8 thousand m2 in the second year of use / ha, in the third year of use - 42.8-47.4 thousand m2 / ha On average, over three years the largest collection of dry matter (6.9 t / ha), feed units (9.1 t / ha), digestible protein (1.45 t / ha) and metabolic energy (81.6 GJ) were obtained from Kizlyarets varieties when inoculating seeds with Agrika biological product. At the same time, the highest seed yield was obtained (1.31 t / ha), which is 2.39 times higher than the control variant and 1.44 times higher than the Valentina variety. Optimization of the plant’s mineral nutrition by seed inoculation with associative bacterial preparations provided for an increase in the productivity of the polygamous monofil. The yield of green mass of the Poterium polygama of the first year of use for an average of three years according to the experimental options was 28.5–31.8 t / ha, collection of dry matter – 7.3–8.2 t / ha, feed units – 4.36–4.87 t / ha, digestible protein - 0.56–0.65 t / ha, exchange energy - 88.7–99.6 GJ. The highest productivity of the blackhead was when treating seeds with Agrika with microelements together with Azotobacter: green mass - 31.8 t / ha, dry matter collection - 8.2 t / ha, feed units - 4.87 t / ha, digestible protein – 0.65 t / ha, exchange energy - 99.6 GJ, which significantly exceeds the performance of the control option. The treatment of seeds with biologics provided an increase in the seed productivity of the polygonidae by 91.7–223.1 kg / ha (10.1–24.6%). The highest seed yield in the first year of use is 1130.1 kg / ha, the second year of use is 1258.9 kg / ha, the third year of use is 1268.3 kg / ha, which significantly exceeds the control indicators by 27.3% and 27.8% was obtained during bacterization of seeds with Agrika, enriched with microelements and together with Azotobacter.

scholarly journals The key to successful second year white clover seed crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
B.L. Mccloy ◽  
S.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Rotary Type

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of white clover seed crops taken for a second harvest. Traditionally yields from second year crops are substantially lower than first year crops. A trial was established investigating techniques to increase yields in second year crops. The trial was located in a dryland crop of white clover (cv. Grasslands Demand) 4 km east of Methven, mid Canterbury. It involved 10 herbicide treatments and 8 'inter-row' treatments arranged in a split block design. Number of mature flower heads were recorded on all treatments at harvest as an indirect estimate of yield. Additionally, selected treatments were cut and collected using a rotary type mower, threshed, and machine dressed for direct estimates of seed yield. Flower number and machine dressed seed yield were significantly (P

scholarly journals Heterobeltiosis and interrelationship of some of important quantitative traits in oilseed rape genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Valiollah Rameeh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Half Diallel

AbstractHalf diallel crosses of eight spring genotypes of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were considered to evaluate heterobeltiosis effects of plant height, yield component characters, seed yield and harvest index. Significant mean squares of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were determined for all the traits except 1000-seed weight demonstrating prominence of additive and non additive genetic effects for the mentioned traits. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for siliquae on main raceme and 1000-seed weight representing the major importance of additive genetic effects for the characters. Most of the crosses with significant positive high parent heterosis for seed yield had also significant heterotic effects for siliquae per plant; therefore, this trait can be considered as indirect selection criterion for enhancing seed yield. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the traits including plant height, siliquae on main raceme and siliquae per plant based on mean performances of the traits and this result was confirmed with correlations based on heterobeltiosis. The crosses including L41×LF2 and L31×L401 with highly significant heterobeltiosis estimates of grain yield were superior combinations for breeding this trait. which proved good specific combiners for most of the traits.

RESULTS OF AUTUMN TOP CUTTING OF FESTULOLIUM GRASS STAND WITH RYEGRASS MORPHOTYPE

1970 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Zolotarev ◽  
N. I. Perepravo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
First Year ◽  
Specific Technique ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Wintering Conditions ◽  
First Year Of Life

Novel crop. Festulolium. is a hybrid of Festucа spp. and Lolium spp. Hybrids combine traits of both parents. Different varieties resemble morphologically either ryegrass or fescue. Compared to original parental forms - meadow and tall fescues and pe­rennial and Australian ryegrasses — festulolium hybrids show new biological and economically important traits, requiring de­velopment of specific technique for seed production. In the first year of life, plants of Festulolium and bushes grow vigorously during the entire summer period, forming a continuous closed sward height of 30 cm and density of shoots of more than 3.6 thousand pieces/m2. The accumulation of excessive vegetative mass leads to a deterioration of wintering conditions and the death of 37-39 % of the shoots. Autumn mowing of crops improves the conditions of overwintering and enhance the safety of sprouts at 14-17 %. The choice of duration of this application depends on the method of sowing of Festulolium. The optimum term of removal of the vegetative mass in the first year of life in the soil cultivating sowing method, and in the second year of life is the second week of September. When uncoated ranelate method of sowing of Festulolium best time of rejection of the vegetative mass is between 15 to 30 September. The fall mowing of the grass at the optimal time increases the number of generative shoots from 8-11% to 44% and seed yield of Festulolium of the first year of use of 9-11 to 24-27 %, second year by 17-25 %.

Improvement of seed yield potential in tall fescue

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
H.S. Easton ◽  
K.H. Widdup Archie ◽  
T.B. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Breeding Pool ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Modest and unreliable seed yield limits the usefulness of some forage tall fescue cultivars. In preliminary experiments, significant correlations for seed weight per panicle but not panicle number were established between spaced plants and sown rows of half-sib progeny derived from them. However, seed yield of the sown rows in the second year was not correlated with first year values. Half-sibling families of an elite breeding pool were sown in rows at three contrasting sites in autumn 1999. The following spring, panicle numbers were counted and in summer seed was harvested and weight per panicle calculated. Families varied significantly for seed yield and yield components, and family values were correlated between sites. Seedlings were raised from remnant seed of the best performing families (based on first year data at the 3 sites) and assessed pre-anthesis for panicle number. Selected plants were isolated and seed harvested. After progeny tests, three sub-sets of elite plants were isolated to produce improved selections. Plot trials sown at Lincoln (New Zealand) and at Pergamino (Argentina), showed significant seed yield improvements from the selections compared with "Grasslands Advance," a standard cultivar derived from the same breeding pool

scholarly journals Hydrocyanic acid content and growth rate of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid during fall

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Flávia Fernanda Simili ◽  
Maria Lúcia Pereira Lima ◽  
Maria Izabel Merino de Medeiros ◽  
Claudia Cristina Paro de Paz ◽  
Ana Claudia Ruggieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Second Year

In central Brazil after soybean or other annual agricultural species is harvested, sorghum hybrids are planted in the fall in order to establish pastures for grazing animals. This study conducted for two consecutive years aimed at quantifying the contents of hydrocyanic acid in the leaves and determining plant height, forage dry matter yield and the leaf/stem ratio for sorghum hybrid 1P400 at different ages. Statistical analysis was performed by regression analysis based on plant age. Leaf HCN content decreased with plant growth, ranging from 205.0 and 230.3 mg HCN/100 g leaf DM at two weeks old to 5.9 and 6.1 mg HCN/100 g leaf DM at five weeks old in the first and second year, respectively. The average heights measured varied from 60 and 56 cm, in the 4th week, to 117 and 151 cm, in the 8th week, during the first and second experimental year, respectively. Forage mass increased linearly with age and displayed average of 1.411 and 1.637 kg DM/ha in the first year and, 2.905 and 3.640 kg DM/ha in the second year, during the 7th and 8th week, respectively. Leaf proportion decreased while stem increased linearly with plant age. The leaf/stem ratio decreased with plant growth, elongation and increasing stem weight. The sorghum hybrid should be grazed only after five weeks or when the plant height is above 80 cm, in order to avoid the risk of cyanide poisoning.

scholarly journals Early selection of elite plants in Asparagus

Bragantia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE LUIS COINTRY ◽  
FERNANDO SEBASTIÁN LÓPEZ ANIDO ◽  
ILEANA GATTI ◽  
VANINA PAMELA CRAVERO ◽  
INÉS TERESA FIRPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Total ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In order to establish an efficient selection criterion the variability in three asparagus populations was evaluated defining the most important yield components and analysing its evolution along three growing seasons. The yield components, coefficient of variation (CV) and the proportion of plants contributing to 80% of the total yield were estimated. The elite plants were selected by mean of total yield and clusters techniques. Multiple regression showed that spear number (SN) and spear weight (SW) were the most important yield components. In every population, total yield (TY) and SN showed the highest values of CV, independently of sex. 69% of the plants contributed to the 80% of the total yield in the first year while in the second and third year the contribution was 57%. At the end of the third year, 17 plants were selected by the average of the total yield and 43 by clusters. It is suggested to select for SW in the first year, reducing in 68% the experimental material. In the second year, the selection for SN would reduce to 5% the plants to evaluate for total yield in the third year. In this way the selected plants are the same but the number of plants to evaluate is dramatically reduced along the years, therefore facilitating the breeders work.

Screening for resistance to Maruca testulalis Geyer in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Walp

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Woolley ◽  
A. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Maruca Testulalis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Flower Damage

SummaryScreening methods were devised to select cowpea genotypes with resistance to yield loss oaused by larvae of Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). More emphasis was placed on flower damage than on pod damage. One hundred and forty genotypes of wild and cultivated cowpeas and four of related Vigna speoies were screened in the first year; 25 of these were selected for rescreening in the second year. Resistance to flower damage was assessed by the ratio of number of pods under unsprayed conditions to number of pods under sprayed conditions and resistance to overall post-flowering damage by ratio of seed yield under unsprayed conditions to seed yield under sprayed conditions. The absolute numbers of pods and seed yields from unsprayed plots were also taken into account. Several genotypes of moderate resistance and one of high resistance were located among cultivars of different origins.It is suggested that the empirical approach to the search for insect resistance, particularly the comparison of unprotected with protected yields, has great potential, especially for seriously damaged crops.

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