scholarly journals Differential Protein Analysis of Pecan Hardwood Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Xinwang Wang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Liu ◽  
Yongrong Li ◽  
Fangren Peng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Differential Protein ◽  
Related Proteins

Pecan cuttings are difficult for rooting. This study describes the pecan hardwood rooting process based on anatomic characteristics to understand root formation mechanisms of pecan cuttings. The expressed proteins of different periods during the adventitious rooting process of pecan seedling hardwood cuttings were identified and analyzed to evaluate the rooting mechanism. The expressed proteins of pecan cutting seedlings were also compared with other cultivar cuttings during the rooting period. Pecan seedling cuttings were developed at different air and substrate temperatures to induce root formation. Adventitious root formation of pecan hardwood cuttings was described, and the phloem at the base of the prepared cuttings was selected as the sample for the differential protein analysis. The results showed that adventitious root formation of pecan hardwood cuttings was the only product of callus differentiation, which originated from the cells of the cambium or vascular ray parenchyma. Such adventitious root primordia were developed from those calluses that formed the regenerative structure, and the expressed proteins during the adventitious rooting of pecan hardwood cutting were identified and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight–mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to evaluate the rooting mechanism. Eight differentially expressed proteins were found in the rooting periods, and 15 differential proteins were found by comparing pecan cutting types, which were analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting homology. The results show that the primordial cells were differentiated from the meristematic cells. Furthermore, the differentially expressed proteins contained energy metabolism proteins, adversity stress proteins, and signal transmission proteins. The energy metabolism-related proteins were adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, photosynthesis-related proteins, and enolase. The adversity-stress proteins containing heat shock-related proteins and signal transmission proteins were mainly cytochrome enzymes and heme-binding proteins. Adventitious root formation of pecan cultivar hardwood cuttings was difficult. More trials should be performed from the potential aspects of high defensive protection and phloem morphologic structure.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yu ◽  
Lijuan Niu ◽  
Jihua Yu ◽  
Weibiao Liao ◽  
Jianming Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene

Calcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress. Meanwhile, we investigated that removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress indicated that ethylene participates in this process. Moreover, the application of Ca2+ promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress. Furthermore, we discovered that Ca2+ greatly up-regulated the expression level of CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2 under salt stress. Meanwhile, Ca2+ significantly down-regulated CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS, and CsCTR1, but positively up-regulated the expression of CsEIN2 and CsEIN3 under salt stress; however, the application of Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca2+ on the expression of the above genes. These results indicated that Ca2+ played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway.

Effect of polar auxin transport and gibberellins on xylem formation in pine cuttings under adventitious rooting conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pizarro ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Sala
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Xylem Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Cuttings

Maturation-related decline of adventitious root formation is one of the major factors affecting adventitious rooting in forest tree species. We demonstrate that inhibition of polar auxin transport promoted cambium and xylem differentiation in rooting-competent hypocotyl cuttings from Pinus radiata under conditions of adventitious root formation. Treatments with bioactive gibberellins inhibited rooting while at the same time inducing both the differentiation of a continuous ring of cambium and xylem formation. Treatments with inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis did not affect the rooting response. The results demonstrate that xylem parenchyma and procambial cells at the xylem poles of rooting-competent hypocotyl cuttings after excision and under conditions of adventitious root induction become adventitious root meristems or xylem, depending on the directional auxin flow. Gibberellin may interact with this pathway, inducing xylem differentiation and inhibiting rooting. We conclude that modifications of auxin flow at the rooting sites, and the priming of cambial cells to differentiate into xylem during tree ageing, may be associated with the maturation-related decline of adventitious root formation.

scholarly journals Some Urea Derivatives Positively Affect Adventitious Root Formation: Old Concepts and the State of the Art

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricci Ada ◽  
Rolli Enrico
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urea Derivatives ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Structure Activity

The success of vegetative propagation programmes strongly depends on adventitious rooting, a postembryonic developmental process whereby new roots can be induced from differentiated cells in positions where normally they do not arise. This auxin-dependent organogenesis has been studied at molecular, cellular, and developmental levels, and our knowledge of the process has improved in recent years. However, bioactive compounds that enhance adventitious root formation and possibly reduce undesirable auxinic side effects are still needed to ameliorate this process. From this point of view, our structure–activity relationship studies concerning urea derivatives revealed that some of them, more specifically, the N,N′-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea (2,3-MDPU), the N,N′-bis-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea (3,4-MDPU), the 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea (5-BDPU), and the 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)urea (6-BDPU), constitute a category of adventitious rooting adjuvants. The results of our studies are presented here, in order either to highlight the positive effects of the supplementation of these urea derivatives, or to better understand the nature of their interaction with auxin.

Differential growth of Spartina densiflora populations under saline flooding is related to adventitious root formation and innate root ion regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla E. Di Bella ◽  
Agustín A. Grimoldi ◽  
María S. Rossi Lopardo ◽  
Francisco J. Escaray ◽  
Edmundo L. Ploschuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Spartina Densiflora

Global change anticipates scenarios of sea level rise that would provoke long lasting floods, especially in lowland areas of salt marshes. Our aim was to evaluate the morpho-physiological adjustment ability to deal with continuous saline flooding of Spartina densiflora Brogn. plants from lowlands and uplands along a subtle topographical gradient (0.2 m differential altitude). Plants from both origins were subjected to continuous saline flooding (300 mM NaCl) for 35 days. Responses associated to adventitious rooting, aerenchyma formation, concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl– in roots and shoots tissues, tillering and growth were assessed. Root responses differentiated populations given that lowland plants showed higher ability for adventitious root formation and innate superior root ion regulation than upland plants. High constitutive K+ concentration plus high Na+ exclusion in root tissues led to significant low values of Na+ : K+ ratios in lowland plants. Better root functioning was, in turn, related with more consistent shoot performance as lowland plants maintained plant tiller number and shoot relative growth rate unaltered while upland plants decreased both parameters by 35 and 18%, respectively, when in saline flooding. The superior performance of lowland plants indicates that locally adapted populations can be promoted in salt marsh habitats with subtle differences at topographic level.

scholarly journals What Makes Adventitious Roots?

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonin ◽  
Bergougnoux ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Gantet ◽  
Champion
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Root Types ◽  
Embryonic Root

The spermatophyte root system is composed of a primary root that develops from an embryonically formed root meristem, and of different post-embryonic root types: lateral and adventitious roots. Adventitious roots, arising from the stem of the plants, are the main component of the mature root system of many plants. Their development can also be induced in response to adverse environmental conditions or stresses. Here, in this review, we report on the morphological and functional diversity of adventitious roots and their origin. The hormonal and molecular regulation of the constitutive and inducible adventitious root initiation and development is discussed. Recent data confirmed the crucial role of the auxin/cytokinin balance in adventitious rooting. Nevertheless, other hormones must be considered. At the genetic level, adventitious root formation integrates the transduction of external signals, as well as a core auxin-regulated developmental pathway that is shared with lateral root formation. The knowledge acquired from adventitious root development opens new perspectives to improve micropropagation by cutting in recalcitrant species, root system architecture of crops such as cereals, and to understand how plants adapted during evolution to the terrestrial environment by producing different post-embryonic root types.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Anatomic Profiling Reveal Etiolation Promotes Adventitious Rooting by Exogenous Application of 1-Naphthalene Acetic Acid in Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Munir ◽  
Saleem Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Zijie Zhang ◽  
Tariq Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

The process of etiolation contributes significantly to vegetative propagation and root formation of woody plants. However, the molecular interaction pattern of different factors for etiolated adventitious root development in woody plants remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the changes at different etiolation stages of adventitious root formation in Robinia pseudoacacia. Histological and transcriptomic analyses were performed for the etiolated lower portion of hypocotyls to ascertain the adventitious root responses. We found that the dark-treated hypocotyls formed roots earlier than the control. Exogenous application of NAA (0.3 mg/L) stimulated the expressions of about 310 genes. Among these, 155 were upregulated and 155 were downregulated. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in multiple pathways, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism. These pathways could play a significant role during adventitious root formation in etiolated hypocotyls. The findings of this study can provide novel insights and a foundation for further studies to elucidate the connection between etiolation and adventitious root formation in woody plants.

Influences of the new auxins 4-carbomethoxyvinylenephenyl indole-3-butyrate and 2, 4-dichlorophenyl indole-3-butyrate on adventitious root formation

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2571-2575
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Haissig
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Phenyl Ester ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Tests were conducted with cuttings of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Top Crop) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings to determine the influences of the new auxins 4-carbomethoxyvinylenephenyl indole-3-butyrate (CMVP-IBA) and 2,4-dichlorophenyl indole-3-butyrate (DCP-IBA) on adventitious rooting. For comparison, bean cuttings were used to determine the effects on adventitious rooting of the unsubstituted phenyl ester of IBA, phenyl indole-3-butyrate (P-IBA). Results indicated that, compared with IBA, treatment with CMVP-IBA resulted in less adventitious rooting of jack pine and bean cuttings, treatment with DCP-IBA resulted in equal adventitious rooting of jack pine and bean cuttings, and treatment with P-IBA resulted in greater rooting of bean cuttings (jack pine was not tested). Based on results of the present and previous research, the phenyl esters of indole auxins have equal or greater root-inducing activity, compared with the parent auxin, only if their phenolic moieties do not contain a substituent (e.g., P-IBA) or contain only a simple substituent such as -OH (e.g., 3-hydroxyphenyl indole-3-acetate) or -Cl (e.g., DCP-IBA), rather than a more complex substituent like -CH=CH—COOCH3 (e.g., CMVP-IBA). However, further research is needed to test the accuracy of these generalizations.

scholarly journals Short Term Drought Conditioning Influences Adventitious Rooting of Firebush and Fraser's Photinia Stem Cuttings

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Fox ◽  
Thayne Montague
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Experiments investigated the influence of drought conditioning stock plants and an auxin-based plant growth regulator (PGR) on adventitious root formation of terminal stem cuttings taken from containerized firebush and Fraser's photinia stock plants. Drought conditioning (DC) treatments were initiated in a glass greenhouse and included: irrigation every day (no DC), irrigation every other day (medium DC), and irrigation every fourth day (high DC). Plants were subjected to DC for 16 consecutive days. Following DC treatments, all plants were irrigated and left overnight. Terminal stem cuttings were taken the following day and an 0.3% auxin talc formulation was used as the PGR. Plant growth regulator/DC treatments included: no DC ± PGR, medium DC ± PGR, and high DC ± PGR. Cuttings were placed under intermittent mist and heating pads maintained media temperature. After 21 and 78 days cuttings were evaluated for rooting percentage, number of roots, and length of the longest root. For firebush, rooting percentage was near 100% for all treatments. Number of roots and length of longest root for firebush cuttings was greatest for cuttings treated with PGR. For Fraser's photinia cuttings, rooting percentage was highest for cuttings treated with high DC + no PGR treatments. Cuttings treated with medium DC or high DC ± PGR treatment produced the greatest number of roots, while mean root length was longest for cuttings treated with medium DC + PGR and high DC + no PGR.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of adventitious root formation in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunmei Chen ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
Chunming Yu ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Jikang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Kegg Analysis

Abstract Background: The occurrence of adventitious roots is necessary for the survival of cuttings. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis between two ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) varieties with different adventitious root (AR) patterns, was performed by RNA-Seq under water culture (treatment, T) and non-water culture conditions (control, CK) to reveal the regulatory mechanism of rooting. Results: Characterization of the cuttings of two ramie cultivars, Zhongzhu No 2 (Z2) and Huazhu No 4 (H4), indicated that Z2 had high adventitious rooting rate but H4 had low rooting rate. Twelve cDNA libraries of the two varieties were constructed, and a total of 26723 genes were identified. In non-water culture condition, the number of the distinctive genes in H4 was 2.7 times of that in Z2, while in water culture condition, the number of the distinctive genes in Z2 was nearly 2 times of that in H4. A total of 4411 and 5195 DEGs were identified in the comparison of H4CK vs. H4T and Z2CK vs. Z2T, respectively. After water culture, more DEGs were up-regulated in Z2, but more DEGs were down-regulated in H4. Gene Ontology (GO) Gene functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that polysaccharide metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, cellular carbohydrate metabolic process, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, and photosystem GO terms were distinctive significantly enriched in H4. Simultaneously, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were identified in H4. Moreover, KEGG analysis showed that jasmonic acid (JA) can interact with ethylene to regulate the occurrence and number of AR in Z2.Conclusions:This study reveals the transcriptomic divergence of two ramie varieties with high and low adventitious rooting rates, and provides insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of adventitious root formation in ramie.

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