scholarly journals Cornstarch-based, Biodegradable Superabsorbent Polymer to Improve Water Retention, Reduce Nitrate Leaching, and Result in Improved Tomato Growth and Development

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shivani Kathi ◽  
Catherine Simpson ◽  
Alinna Umphres ◽  
Greta Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Nitrogen Runoff

In arid and semi-arid climates, water scarcity and nutrient availability are major constraints for food production. Excess fertilization to make up for the limited nutrient availability in dry soils leads to nitrogen runoff and groundwater contamination. Reducing nitrogen leaching into surface water while providing adequate nutrition remains a major challenge. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can reduce water loss and improve nutrient retention and therefore minimize leaching and increase crop yields. SAPs are made from petroleum or natural products, but plant-based SAPs have been gaining popularity because they have fewer long-term effects on the environment. However, there is little known about how SAPs made from cornstarch effect plant growth and production in tomatoes. So, we evaluated total nitrogen and water retention in SAP-treated soils and evaluated their effects on growth and development of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Soils were amended with different rates of cornstarch-based SAP (i.e., 0 kg SAP, 0 kg SAP+N, 0.5 kg SAP+N, 1 kg SAP+N, 1.5 kg SAP+N, and 2 kg SAP+N). Results indicate that the mean volume of water and nitrates retained in the soils amended with cornstarch-based SAPs increased with increasing rate of SAP. The treatment containing the highest dose (i.e., 2 kg SAP) decreased the amount of leachate and nitrates from soil 79.34% and 93.11% at 3 days after fertilization (DAF) and 78.84% and 81.58% at 9 DAF in comparison with the soil-only and fertilizer-only treatments, respectively. The results also indicate cornstarch-based SAP significantly improved plant growth and yield parameters compared with the treatments without SAP. Furthermore, the greatest number of leaves, flowers, fruits, and dry matter production were found in the 1-kg SAP treatment. Therefore, application of cornstarch-based SAPs can improve tomato production in times of drought stress by retaining more water and nutrients in the active rooting zone and can reduce environmental pollution by reducing nitrogen runoff.

scholarly journals ACC Deaminase Producing PGPR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Agrobacterium fabrum along with Biochar Improve Wheat Productivity under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye ◽  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Tariq Muhammad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Soil Application

Drought stress retards wheat plant’s vegetative growth and physiological processes and results in low productivity. A stressed plant synthesizes ethylene which inhibits root elongation; however, the enzyme 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase catabolizes ethylene produced under water stress. Therefore, the ACC deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be used to enhance crop productivity under drought stress. Biochar (BC) is an organically active and potentially nutrient-rich amendment that, when applied to the soil, can increase pore volume, cation exchange capacity and nutrient retention and bioavailability. We conducted a field experiment to study the effect of drought tolerant, ACC deaminase producing PGPR (with and without timber waste BC) on plant growth and yield parameters under drought stress. Two PGPR strains, Agrobacterium fabrum or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were applied individually and in combination with 30 Mg ha−1 BC under three levels of irrigation, i.e., recommended four irrigations (4I), three irrigations (3I) and two irrigations (2I). Combined application of B. amyloliquefaciens and 30 Mg ha−1 BC under 3I, significantly increased growth and yield traits of wheat: grain yield (36%), straw yield (50%), biological yield (40%). The same soil application under 2I resulted in greater increases in several of the growth and yield traits: grain yield (77%), straw yield (75%), above- and below-ground biomasses (77%), as compared to control; however, no significant increases in chlorophyll a, b or total, and photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in response to individual inoculation of a PGPR strain (without BC) were observed. Therefore, we suggest that the combined soil application of B. amyloliquefaciens and BC more effectively mitigates drought stress and improves wheat productivity as compared to any of the individual soil applications tested in this study.

scholarly journals Integrated Nitrogen Management in Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Under Red and Lateritic Soils of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Subhashree Behera ◽  
Poonam Preeti Pradhan ◽  
Gayatri Sahu ◽  
Gour Hari Santra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Integrated Nitrogen Management

The present study was conducted in research plots of Central Horticultural Research station (CHES) during Rabi season 2018-2019 on Integrated Nitrogen management in chilli under lateritic soils of Odisha. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of eight treatments replicated thrice. It was observed that the substitution of N through vermicompost to the extent of 50% and remaining 50% as urea proved to be considered as the best treatment amongst different combinations of organic sources with urea (RDF). The highest yield of chilli i.e. both pod yield (14511.4 kg ha-1) and stover yield (901.05 kg ha-1) and plant growth such as plant height, flowering, fruiting, fruit length, fruit girth was observed in T5 due to combination of 50% of N as urea and 50% of N as VC. Integrated use of organic manures along with chemical fertilizers not only produced highest and sustainable crop yields but also enhanced plant growth due to quick mineralization and easy availability.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Revealed GhWOX4 Intercedes Myriad Regulatory Pathways to Modulate Drought Tolerance and Vascular Growth in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Xi Wei ◽  
Lisen Liu ◽  
Fuguang Li ◽  
Xiaoyang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Vascular Growth

Cotton is a paramount cash crop around the globe. Among all abiotic stresses, drought is a leading cause of cotton growth and yield loss. However, the molecular link between drought stress and vascular growth and development is relatively uncharted. Here, we validated a crucial role of GhWOX4, a transcription factor, modulating drought stress with that of vasculature growth in cotton. Knock-down of GhWOX4 decreased the stem width and severely compromised vascular growth and drought tolerance. Conversely, ectopic expression of GhWOX4 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to drought stress. Comparative RNAseq analysis revealed auxin responsive protein (AUX/IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene were significantly induced. Additionally, MYC-bHLH, WRKY, MYB, homeodomain, and heat-shock transcription factors (HSF) were differentially expressed in control plants as compared to GhWOX4-silenced plants. The promotor zone of GhWOX4 was found congested with plant growth, light, and stress response related cis-elements. differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to stress, water deprivation, and desiccation response were repressed in drought treated GhWOX4-virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants as compared to control. Gene ontology (GO) functions related to cell proliferation, light response, fluid transport, and flavonoid biosynthesis were over-induced in TRV: 156-0 h/TRV: 156-1 h (control) in comparison to TRV: VIGS-0 h/TRV: VIGS-1 h (GhWOX4-silenced) plants. This study improves our context for elucidating the pivotal role of GhWOX4 transcription factors (TF), which mediates drought tolerance, plays a decisive role in plant growth and development, and is likely involved in different regulatory pathways in cotton.

scholarly journals Periode Kritis Jagung Manis Berkompetisi dengan Gulma Pada Entosil Lombok Tengah

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ngawit ◽  
M Taufik Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Age Range

Weeds are not always detrimental to plants, because there is a period of time when they are most influential on plant growth and yield and a period of time when weeds are present is called critical piriode. A research aimed to determine the critical period of sweet corn with weeds in Central Lombok entisoles. The experimental research method with experiments in the field used a randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of 12 treatments, weed-free plants (TBG) from planting to age, 10;20;30;40;50 and 60 days and the plants were allowed to roll (TG). since planting until the age of 10;20; 30; 40;50 and 60 days. The results showed that the presence of tolerable weeds on sweet corn plants was only until the age of 30 days after planting. Weeds must be weeded after the plants are between 30-40 days old, if done after the plants are 40 days old, the crop yields cannot be saved. The critical period for sweet corn competing with weeds on the Lombok Tengan entisol is in the age range between 30-40 days after planting. Plants that compete with weeds for 40, 50, and 60 days after planting (until harvest) experience a decrease in yield of 60.32%, 82.84% and 98.66%. Meanwhile, plants that did not compete (weed free) for only 10, 20 and 30 days experienced a decrease in yield of 98.61%, 80.16% and 61.40%. 

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)

2021 ◽  
pp. 332-357
Author(s):  
Podduturi Vanamala ◽  
Uzma Sultana ◽  
Podduturi Sindhura ◽  
Mir Zahoor Gul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Substantial Decline

With a substantial decline in the use of synthetic chemicals, the growing demand for agricultural production is a critical concern in today's world. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been found to be an environmentally sound way of increasing agricultural productivity by promoting plant growth either through a direct or indirect mechanism. PGPRs are commonly occurring soil microbes that colonize the root system, which is an ideal location for interactions with plant microbes. PGPRs can provide an enticing way of reducing the use of toxic chemicals and can affect plant growth and development, either through releasing plant growth regulators or other bioactive stimulants and by taking up nutrients through fixation and mobilization, minimizing adverse effects of microbial pathogens on crops by using numerous mechanisms. In addition, they also play a significant role in soil fertility. This chapter aims to explore the diversified plant growth mechanisms that promote rhizobacteria in fostering crop yields and promoting sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Md. Quamruzzaman ◽  
S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik ◽  
Sergey Shabala ◽  
Meixue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants’ adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow “window” in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost–benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.

scholarly journals Concepts and Methods of Mathematic Modelling of Plant Growth and Development. Plant Germination -Part I

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kocira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Seeds Germination

AbstractContemporary agricultural engineering searches for “safe” methods of raising crop yields, using a combination of knowledge from a number of sciences. Thus, computer modelling of plant growth and development fits this range, because it has become an area of interdisciplinary research. Presentation of knowledge in the form of mathematical computer models is one of paradigms of agricultural production systems based on the scientific and practical knowledge and information. In the scientific activity concerning agricultural engineering research tasks related to mathematical modelling of agrobiological processes have been carried out for many years. Additionally, the use of modern forecasting techniques in agriculture may bring real financial advantages with regard to the fact that based on crop yield prediction estimation of their cultivation profitability is possible. Dynamic and continuous progress of computer and informative technologies creates new opportunities showing thus growth directions of agricultural engineering. Taking this into consideration, it should be emphasised that mathematical modelling constitutes a support for decision processes which take place in agricultural production. This article discusses mathematical models, where the analysed system is described with the use of mathematical formulas. The objective of the paper was to present the current state of knowledge on mathematical methods in describing and predicting seeds germination. Possibilities of their use and new challenges which occur in the description of seeds germination were presented.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Responses of Red Onions to Different Nutrient Availability in Fertigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
R.R. Rukmowati Brotodjojo ◽  
Oktavia S. Padmini ◽  
Awang H. Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Yield Responses

Nutrient availability affected plant growth and yield. This study aimed to examine the effect of interval application and fertigation frequency toward plant growth and yield, and further determined the most proper fertigation interval and frequency that support the highest plant growth and yield. Experiment was arranged in Split plot randomized Completely Block Design. The main plots were interval of nutrient application, i.e., 3 days interval, 6 days interval, 9 days interval. The sub plots were the frequency of nutrient application, i.e., once/day, 2 times/day, 3 times/day. The plot size for each treatment was 2.5 m×1.3 m and plant spacing was 15 cm×20 cm. Space between beds was 1 m. Red onions (Bima variety) were planting in a raised bed covered with silver black polythene mulch. Before planting, 5 ton/ha manure and 1 ton/ha lime were mix with the soil. Fipronil 1.5% was applied with dose 8 kg/ha to control grubs. Nutrient was mixture between liquid organic fertilizer (7.5 mL/L), rabbit urin (5mL/L) and AB Mix (7.5 mL/L A+7.5 mL B). The nutrient was dispensed 150 mL/plant according to treatment using fertigation system operated remotely using Internet of Things. The nutrient was given from 14 DAP (Days After Planting) until 68 DAP. Irrigation water was dispensed 150 mL daily in the same way. The interval of fertigation significantly affected the growth of red onion (plant height, number of leaves and number of yield). Three days interval of nutrient supply resulted in the tallest plant, highest number of plant leaves, and highest number of bulbs. However, the frequency of nutrient supply daily significantly affected the yield of red onion. The application of nutrient three times/day provided the highest yield (economical dry weight). Further research to examine the effect of fertigation of red onion quality is required.

scholarly journals Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry ◽  
Shafa Nayab ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Zhiyong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Available Information

The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document