scholarly journals Effect of Water Additives on Fraser Fir Needle Retention

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
L.E. Hinesley ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Needle Retention ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Christmas Tree Species ◽  
Better Than

Several floral and tree preservatives were evaluated to determine their effect on postharvest needle retention of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.], an important Christmas tree species. Clorox (sodium hypochlorite) and aspirin (salicylic acid) caused massive needle loss, and three of the six commercial additives increased needle loss significantly, No treatment was better than water alone.

scholarly journals Propagation of Fraser Fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Christmas Tree Species

Abstract Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.], the most important Christmas tree species in North Carolina, is rapidly gaining popularity nationwide. It is propagated by seed, but special needs such as genetic improvement will involve use of grafting, air layering, propagation by stem cuttings, and micropropagation (tissue culture). This paper summarizes research conducted to date on Fraser fir concerning these techniques in addition to information regarding seed production and sexual propagation.

scholarly journals Effects of Harvest Date, Storage Temperature, and Moisture Status on Postharvest Needle Retention of Fraser Fir

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Mitcham-Butler ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
David M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Needle Retention ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) branches harvested Oct. 3 and Nov. 28, 1984 were stored with and without water at 9, 16, 23 and 30°C (48, 61, 73 and 86°F) for 6 weeks. Branches set in water exhibited minimal needle loss at all temperatures except 30°C (86°F) where 60 to 75% of the foliage detached. Branches without water retained needles better at lower temperatures where the drying rate was slower. Branches without water which were harvested Nov. 28 exhibited less needle loss than those harvested Oct. 3, but storage temperature had more effect than harvest date. Branches with water maintained a moisture content of 120 to 140% (dry weight basis) except those at 30°C (86°F) which decreased to 66% moisture content after 2 weeks. Later harvest date and lower storage temperatures improved postharvest needle retention of Fraser fir.

scholarly journals Attributes of Water Additives Affect Postharvest Needle Retention of Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-570
Author(s):  
L.E. Hinesley ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Needle Retention ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Ethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Citrate Phosphate

Cut branches of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] were subjected to solutions with different molarity, pH, and solutes. Citrate-phosphate and Na-phosphate buffers induced heavy needle loss at concentrations as low as 10 mm, whereas needle loss was negligible for MES buffer, sucrose solutions, and distilled water. Needle drop increased in response to higher solute concentration and/or greater duration of exposure. Needle loss was almost 100% at pH 3.0 and 9.0, but minimal at pH 6.0 and 7.0. Chemical name used: 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES).

Bionomics of the pine needle scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in southern Québec, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Frdéric Guay ◽  
Amy Bernier-Desmarais ◽  
Jean-François Doherty ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has the status of an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in Québec, Canada. The scale is not known to cause any significant damage yet and is not generally monitored by growers. However, it can be an obstacle for exportation to Christmas tree markets where scale insects are strictly regulated. In this study, we describe its life cycle in Christmas tree plantations in southern Québec. We confirm the presence of both parthenogenetic and sexual forms of the scale on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret (Pinaceae) grown as Christmas trees, and of parasitoid and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) specialists that could contribute to its control.

scholarly journals Recent results of Czech-American fir hybridization research

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
J. Kobliha ◽  
J. Stejskal ◽  
P. Škorpík ◽  
J. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Abies Cephalonica ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Individual

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas tree plantations in North Carolina are infested by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This disease kills almost 100% of Fraser fir material and leaves the soil permanently infested. Control crossings of Mediterranean fir hybrids Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica with Abies fraseri were performed to ensure possibly resistant hybrid material of desired Christmas tree parameters. Pollen of various clones of A. fraseri was shipped to the Czech Republic by NCSU. Control pollinations were performed in April/May 2010 and 2011 in our hybridization seed orchards. Female strobili were isolated in the period of their highest receptibility. Cones were collected during September. Cones were dried and completely disintegrated. Basic parameters of cones and seeds were assessed for each seed lot. Seed samples of the individual seed lots were X-rayed for assessment of the final share of full seeds. In 2010, the most successful combination CZ2 × NC81 brought 7% of viable seeds. In 2011 the most successful combination was CZ2 × NC26 with 18% of viable seeds.

Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and Wild Grape (Vitisspp.) Control in Fraser Fir

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Michael W. Marshall ◽  
Robert E. Uhlig ◽  
Bernard H. Zandstra
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Parthenocissus Quinquefolia ◽  
Christmas Tree Species

Virginia creeper and wild grape are troublesome perennial vines that often infest Christmas tree plantations. Field studies were conducted to evaluate Fraser fir injury and Virginia creeper and wild grape control with directed applications of triclopyr (1,680 g ai/ha) alone and in combination with 2,4-D (1,120 g ai/ha), clopyralid (280 g ai/ha), and halosulfuron (36 g ai/ha). Additional treatments included 2,4-D, clopyralid, glyphosate (1,120 g ai/ha), halosulfuron, hexazinone (560 g ai/ha), mesotrione (105 g ai/ha), and sulfometuron (71 g ai/ha) applied alone; and a mixture of hexazinone plus mesotrione. In the triclopyr-containing treatments, Fraser fir injury ranged from 6 to 13% at 1 mo after treatment (MAT) and was 4 to 8% at 11 MAT. Leader growth was not impacted by the herbicide treatments. At 11 MAT, all triclopyr-containing treatments controlled Virginia creeper 93 to 98% and wild grape 98 to 100%, which was greater than the control observed with glyphosate at 63 and 59%, respectively. Virginia creeper and wild grape control with 2,4-D was 88 to 90%. Clopyralid, halosulfuron, hexazinone, hexazinone plus mesotrione, mesotrione, and sulfometuron provided less than 66% control of both perennial vines. Directed applications of triclopyr-containing treatments or 2,4-D were effective management tools for selective removal of wild grape and Virginia creeper from Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations. Additional research is needed on the potential sensitivity of other commonly grown Christmas tree species to triclopyr-containing treatments.

scholarly journals Phytophthora abietivora, A New Species Isolated from Diseased Christmas Trees in Connecticut, U.S.A.

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 3057-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Neil P. Schultes ◽  
James A. LaMondia ◽  
Richard S. Cowles
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A number of fir species (Abies) are produced as Christmas trees around the world. In particular, Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) is popular as it yields high-quality Christmas trees in temperate North America and Europe. A Phytophthora sp. causing root rot on Fraser fir was isolated from a Christmas tree farm in Connecticut, U.S.A., and found to be new to science according to morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis using multilocus DNA sequences from ITS, Cox1, β-Tub, Nadh1, and Hsp90 loci. Thus, it was described and illustrated as Phytophthora abietivora. An informative Koch’s postulates test revealed that P. abietivora was the pathogen causing root rot of Fraser fir.

scholarly journals Identification of Root-Associated Bacteria That Influence Plant Physiology, Increase Seed Germination, or Promote Growth of the Christmas Tree Species Abies nordmanniana

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Garcia-Lemos ◽  
Dominik K. Großkinsky ◽  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen ◽  
Thomas Roitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Christmas Tree Species

scholarly journals Gamma Radiation Unpromising as an Insect Quarantine Treatment for Fraser Fir Branches

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1109-1110
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Layne K. Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Needle Loss

Dormant branches of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees were subjected to single doses of gamma radiation at levels ranging from 0 to 5.0 kGy (0 to 500 kRad). Significant needle loss resulted at doses ≥0.10 kGy and increased with radiation intensity. Irradiation discolored foliage and accelerated drying. Irradiation does not appear to be a viable way to meet insect quarantine requirements on cut Fraser fir Christmas trees.

scholarly journals CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR ALTERNATE CHRISTMAS TREE SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 439c-439
Author(s):  
Ken Tilt ◽  
Bridget Behe ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Heath Potter ◽  
Dwight Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Average Rating ◽  
Market Niche ◽  
Median Rating ◽  
Christmas Tree Species

A survey was developed evaluating the preference of consumers for purchasing three alternative Christmas tree species. Trees included: Pinus virginiana, a traditional Alabama Christmas tree; a containerized Ilex × `Nellie R. Stevens'; and a cut × Cupressocyparis leylandii. Virginia pine and leyland cypress were rated higher than the holly. The average rating on a scale of 1 to 5 for the Virginia pine and the leyland cypress was 3.75 and 3.63, respectively. Consumers rated the holly an average of 3.29. A rating of 1 indicated a strong negative response and a rating of 5 offered a strong positive response for buying the tree. The median rating for all three species was 4, indicating that 50% of the participants rated them a 4 or higher. The mode, or most frequent rating, was 5 for all three species. Although the average rating for the holly was lower than the average for the Virginia pine and leyland cypress, the holly and the leyland cypress may have a market niche with >50% of the respondents indicating that they would purchase the trees.

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