scholarly journals Trends in Washington State's Apple Industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Marshall ◽  
Preston K. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
North Central ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
South Central ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Chemical Usage

Washington is the leading producer of apples in the United States. North-central and south-central Washington and the Columbia Basin are the major production regions within the state. The climate of these production regions is characterized by cold winters and hot, dry summers with high levels of light intensity. The principal varieties produced are still `Delicious', `Golden Delicious', and `Granny Smith'; however, `Fuji', `Gala', and `Braeburn' have been planted widely since 1988. Despite increasing levels of production and lower prices beginning in 1986, apple prices have recovered relatively well in recent years due to aggressive exports to southeast Asia and Mexico. Increased international competition has resulted in a trend towards higher-density orchards using dwarfing rootstock so that earlier production can be achieved. Evaluation of the performance of new varieties in Washington's climatic conditions has increased. Although not the focus of this article, several social and environmental issues are facing the Washington apple industry, including increasing restrictions on chemical usage, competition for a limited water resource, regulation of ground water quality, pending labor relations legislation, and increasing urbanization pressures.

scholarly journals Exposure of Domestic Cats to Three Zoonotic Bartonella Species in the United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Osikowicz ◽  
Kalanthe Horiuchi ◽  
Irina Goodrich ◽  
Edward B. Breitschwerdt ◽  
Bruno Chomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Bartonella Species ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North Central ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Regions

Cat-associated Bartonella species, which include B. henselae, B. koehlerae, and B. clarridgeiae, can cause mild to severe illness in humans. In the present study, we evaluated 1362 serum samples obtained from domestic cats across the U.S. for seroreactivity against three species and two strain types of Bartonella associated with cats (B. henselae type 1, B. henselae type 2, B. koehlerae, and B. clarridgeiae) using an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Overall, the seroprevalence at the cutoff titer level of ≥1:64 was 23.1%. Seroreactivity was 11.1% and 3.7% at the titer level cutoff of ≥1:128 and at the cutoff of ≥1:256, respectively. The highest observation of seroreactivity occurred in the East South-Central, South Atlantic, West North-Central, and West South-Central regions. The lowest seroreactivity was detected in the East North-Central, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, New England, and Pacific regions. We observed reactivity against all four Bartonella spp. antigens in samples from eight out of the nine U.S. geographic regions.

scholarly journals Performance of Landscape Roses Grown with Minimal Input in the North-central, Central, and South-central United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Zlesak ◽  
Randy Nelson ◽  
Derald Harp ◽  
Barbara Villarreal ◽  
Nick Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Plant Hardiness

Landscape roses (Rosa sp.) are popular flowering shrubs. Consumers are less willing or able to maintain landscape beds than in years past and require plants that are not only attractive, but well-adapted to regional climatic conditions, soil types, and disease and pest pressures. Marketing and distribution of rose cultivars occurs on a national level; therefore, it is difficult for U.S. consumers in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 to identify well-adapted, cold-hardy cultivars. Identifying suitable cultivars that have strong genetic resistance to pests and disease and that will tolerate temperature extremes without winter protection in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 is of tremendous value to consumers and retailers in northern states. Twenty landscape rose cultivars, primarily developed in north-central North America, were evaluated at five locations in the United States (three in the north-central United States, one in the central United States, and one in the south-central United States) using the low-input, multiyear Earth-Kind® methodology. Six roses had ≥75% plant survival at the end of the study and were in the top 50% of performers for overall mean horticultural rating at each of the three north-central U.S. sites: ‘Lena’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Ole’, ‘Polar Joy’, ‘Sunrise Sunset’, and ‘Sven’. Five of these six roses met the same criteria at the central United States (exception ‘Lena’) and the south-central United States (exception ‘Polar Joy’) sites. Cultivar, rating time, and their interaction were highly significant, and block effects were not significant for horticultural rating for all single-site analyses of variance. Significant positive correlations were found between sites for flower number, flower diameter, and overall horticultural rating. Significant negative correlations were found between flower number and diameter within each site and also between black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) lesion size from a previous study and overall horticultural rating for three of the five sites. Cane survival ratings were not significantly correlated with overall horticultural rating, suggesting some cultivars can experience severe winter cane dieback, yet recover and perform well. Data from this study benefit multiple stakeholders, including nurseries, landscapers, and consumers, with evidence-based regional cultivar recommendations and breeders desiring to identify regionally adapted parents.

scholarly journals Climatology of Surface Cyclone Tracks Associated with Large Central and Eastern U.S. Snowstorms, 1950–2000

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 3193-3202 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Changnon ◽  
Chad Merinsky ◽  
Michael Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
North Central ◽  
Minimum Surface ◽  
South Central ◽  
Surface Cyclone ◽  
Cyclone Tracks ◽  
Lower Mississippi River

Abstract The 241 largest snowstorms over the eastern two-thirds of the United States during 1950–2000 exhibited considerable temporal variability ranging from 1 storm in three winters to 10 storms in 1993/94. The peak decadal frequency was 55 storms (1950s), and the minimum was 45 storms (1970s and 1980s). The east–north-central region experienced the greatest number of large snowstorms (148) followed by the west–north-central (136) and central (133) regions. Regional trends were different. Assessment of surface cyclone tracks associated with the large snowstorms identified three primary tracks: one was located from the leeward side of the south-central Rocky Mountains east-northeast toward the Great Lakes; a second was from the lower Mississippi River basin northeastward toward the Great Lakes; and a third was along the coastal mid-Atlantic region northeast toward Maine. Temporal differences in the frequency of certain surface cyclone tracks were related to the decadal trends in regional large snowstorm occurrence. The minimum surface pressure associated with these storms ranged from 959 to 1013 hPa with more than 67% of all storms having a minimum surface pressure between 980 and 999 hPa. The average orthogonal distance from the storm track to the heavy snow region was 201 km. The average rate of cyclone movement ranged from less than 483 to more than 1930 km day−1, with more than 57% of storms moving between 805 and 1287 km day−1.

Field Excursions from the 2021 GSA Section Meetings

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
North Central ◽  
Field Guides ◽  
South Central ◽  
Geologic Map ◽  
Dextral Shear ◽  
Central South

The 2021 GSA Northeastern, Southeastern, joint North-Central/South-Central, and Cordilleran Section Meet-ings were held virtually in spring 2021 during continued restrictions on travel and large gatherings due to COVID-19. Eleven groups put together field guides, taking participants on treks to states from Connecticut to Nevada in the United States, to Mexico, and to Italy, and covering topics as varied as bedrock geologic map-ping, geochemistry, paleodrainage, barrier islands, karst, spring systems, a southern Appalachian transect, Ordo-vician and Mississippian stratigraphy, high-energy events, Cretaceous arc granites and dextral shear zones, and Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks. This volume serves as a valuable resource for those wishing to discover, learn more about, and travel through these geologically fascinating areas.

New mud turtles (Kinosternidae,Kinosternon) from the middle–late Miocene of the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Bourque
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf Coastal Plain ◽  
North Central ◽  
South Central ◽  
Kinosternon Subrubrum

AbstractKinosternonSpix, 1824, was widespread in xeric to savanna associated paleowetlands across North America during the middle–late Miocene and steadily diversified following its first occurrences in the Hemingfordian. In the middle Miocene,Kinosternon rinconn. sp. occurred in the late Barstovian Cerro Conejo Formation of north central New Mexico, perhaps concurrently withKinosternon pojoaqueBourque 2012a from the Tesuque Formation. Subsequent late Miocene kinosternine fossils indicate that at least three potentially contemporaneous species existed throughout the Clarendonian. These areKinosternon pannekollopsn. sp., from the Ogallala Formation of northern Texas;Kinosternon wakeeniense, n. sp., from the Ogallala Formation of northwestern Kansas and Ash Hollow Formation of south-central Nebraska; andKinosternon notolophusn. sp., from the Alachua and Statenville formations of northern Florida.Kinosternon rinconis phylogenetically nested between theKinosternon flavescens(Agassiz, 1857) group (=PlatythyraAgassiz, 1857) and more derivedKinosternonincluding theKinosternon subrubrum(Lacépède, 1788) group (=ThyrosternumAgassiz, 1857).Kinosternon pannekollopsis recovered on the stem of theK.subrubrumgroup and is the oldest and largest member of that lineage.Kinosternon notolophusis readily differentiated from other MioceneKinosternonin possessing a distinct dorsomedial keel on the nuchal and faint dorsolateral costal carination. TheK.subrubrumgroup probably originated in the late Miocene savannas of the Great Plains and dispersed eastward via the Gulf Coastal Plain. An unnamed kinosternine taxon existed in the coastal plains of the eastern and southeastern United States during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (with fossils from ~18 to 15 Ma), and disappeared from the region coincident with the end of that megathermal event.

scholarly journals Contemporary Diversity of β-Lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae in the Nine U.S. Census Regions and Ceftazidime-Avibactam Activity Tested against Isolates Producing the Most Prevalent β-Lactamase Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Sarah E. Farrell ◽  
Kevin M. Krause ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Helio S. Sader
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
The United States ◽  
North Central ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli(328 isolates),Klebsiella pneumoniae(296),Klebsiella oxytoca(44), andProteus mirabilis(33) isolates collected during 2012 from the nine U.S. census regions and displaying extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were evaluated for the presence of β-lactamase genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were analyzed. The highest ESBL rates were noted forK. pneumoniae(16.0%, versus 4.8 to 11.9% for the other species) and in the Mid-Atlantic and West South Central census regions. CTX-M group 1 (including CTX-M-15) was detected in 303 strains and was widespread throughout the United States but was more prevalent in the West South Central, Mid-Atlantic, and East North Central regions. KPC producers (118 strains [112K. pneumoniaestrains]) were detected in all regions and were most frequent in the Mid-Atlantic region (58 strains). Thirteen KPC producers also carriedblaCTX-M. SHV genes encoding ESBL activity were detected among 176 isolates. Other β-lactamase genes observed were CTX-M group 9 (72 isolates), FOX (10), TEM ESBL (9), DHA (7), CTX-M group 2 (3), NDM-1 (2 [Colorado]), and CTX-M groups 8 and 25 (1). Additionally, 62.9% of isolates carried ≥2 β-lactamase genes. KPC producers were highly resistant to multiple agents, but ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC50/90, 0.5/2 μg/ml) and tigecycline (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μg/ml) were the most active agents tested. Overall, meropenem (MIC50, ≤0.06 μg/ml), ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC50, 0.12 to 0.5 μg/ml), and tigecycline (MIC50, 0.12 to 2 μg/ml) were the most active antimicrobials when tested against this collection. NDM-1 producers were resistant to all β-lactams tested. The diversity and increasing prevalence of β-lactamase-producingEnterobacteriaceaehave been documented, and ceftazidime-avibactam was very active against the vast majority of β-lactamase-producing strains isolated from U.S. hospitals.

Occupying the Picket Line: Labor and Occupy in South Central Indiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Joseph Varga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor Union ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
South Central ◽  
Working People ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between a striking labor union and a local Occupy group in South Central Indiana in fall, 2011. It looks at areas of cooperation, tension, and coordination between the two groups within the context of Occupy/organized labor relations during the same period in other locations in the United States. The article examines attitudes of union members and Occupy participants regarding each other, unions, working people, class, labor law, strikes, and direct action. This work examines areas of agreement and mutual benefit between the striking union and the Occupy group, while also discussing the major areas of tension in the specific case in Southern Indiana and in other instances where Occupy groups and labor organizations came into contact. The article concludes with a discussion of major difficulties in the Occupy/labor relationship, and avenues of potential cooperation.

scholarly journals 15 Factors affecting the sale price of bred heifers sold through Superior Livestock video auctions from 2010 through 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Maggie J Smith ◽  
Esther D McCabe ◽  
Mike E King ◽  
Karol E Fike ◽  
Kevin L Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
North Central ◽  
South Central ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Central South

Abstract The objective was to evaluate potential factors influencing sale price of bred heifers sold through a video auction service. Descriptive characteristics of lots were obtained through a livestock video auction service. Data were available on 1,779 lots of bred heifers sold through video auctions from 2010 through 2017. Multiple regression with a backwards selection procedure was used to determine factors influencing sale price. Eleven factors were included in the original model. These were year, weight (linear and quadratic), region, breed description, weight variation, origin, frame score, flesh score, and size of lot (linear and quadratic). Size of lot (linear and quadratic) and weight (quadratic) did not affect sale price (P > 0.05) and therefore were not included in the final model. Breed description of the lots was characterized into five groups: English-English cross, English-Continental cross, Black Angus sired out of dams with no Brahman influence, Red Angus sired out of dams with no Brahman influence, and Brahman influenced. The United States was divided into five regions: West Coast, Rocky Mountain/North Central, South Central, South East, and Northeast, which was excluded from analysis due to few lots originating from this region. Lots of bred heifers sold for the lowest sale price (P < 0.05) in 2010 at $955/head (Table 1). In 2015, lots sold for the highest price (P < 0.05) compared with all other years ($2,725/head). Those lots originating from the Rocky Mountain/North Central region sold for the highest price (P < 0.05, $1,677/head). Red Angus sired lots sold for the highest price (P < 0.05, $1,711/head) compared with all other breed descriptions. There was an $85.00 increase in price for every 45.36 kg increase in weight. Understanding factors influencing sale price of bred heifers will allow producers to make more informed decisions.

Articulate Brachiopods of the St. Clair Limestone (Silurian), Arkansas, and the Clarita Formation (Silurian), Oklahoma

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Amsden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
South Central ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Upper Silurian ◽  
Brachiopod Fauna

The St. Clair Limestone and Clarita Formation contain large, Upper Silurian (Wenlockian) brachiopod faunas. The St. Clair Limestone crops out in two areas in north-central Arkansas; one is the type area near Batesville, in parts of Independence, Stone, and Izard Counties, the other is near Gilbert, Searcy County. The Clarita Formation, Fitzhugh Member, crops out in the Arbuckle Mountain region and Criner Hills of south-central Oklahoma. The articulate brachiopod fauna of the St. Clair Limestone comprises 45 species and subspecies referred to 35 genera and subgenera, and that of the Clarita Formation, Fitzhugh Member, comprises 23 species and subspecies referred to 22 genera and subgenera. The combined St. Clair-Clarita fauna totals 51 species and subspecies, of which 17 are new; 40 genera and subgenera are represented, of which 9 are new: Orthostrophella, Onychotreta (Eilotreta), Onychotreta (Lissotreta), Placotriplesia, Boucotides, Leangella (Opikella), Virginiata, Dicamaropsis, and Homoeospirella. The faunas of the St. Clair and Clarita are remarkably similar; all but six of the Clarita species are present in the St. Clair, and the two formations are closely related in age. Strata of this age are probably widely distributed in the Midcontinent area of the United States, although the brachiopod evidence for this is meager. The generic suite represented in the St. Clair-Clarita brachiopod faunas is similar to that of the Wenlock of Great Britain and the Slite and Mulde Marlstones of Gotland; the stage of development represented by the St. Clair species of Dicoelosia is also similar to that of D. biloba from the Wenlock Limestone and Slite and Mulde Marlstones. The St. Clair-Clarita brachiopod fauna does not show any marked similarity to brachiopod faunas known to be in the Silurian of Bohemia, and, in fact, correlation with the Czechoslovakian Silurian section is at present uncertain.

Local Histories/Global Designs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Mignolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Central America ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Border Thinking ◽  
East West

This book is an extended argument about the “coloniality” of power. In a shrinking world where sharp dichotomies, such as East/West and developing/developed, blur and shift, this book points to the inadequacy of current practices in the social sciences and area studies. It explores the crucial notion of “colonial difference” in the study of the modern colonial world and traces the emergence of an epistemic shift, which the book calls “border thinking.” Further, the book expands the horizons of those debates already under way in postcolonial studies of Asia and Africa by dwelling on the genealogy of thoughts of South/Central America, the Caribbean, and Latino/as in the United States. The book's concept of “border gnosis,” or sensing and knowing by dwelling in imperial/colonial borderlands, counters the tendency of occidentalist perspectives to manage, and thus limit, understanding. A new preface discusses this book as a dialogue with Hegel's Philosophy of History.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document