scholarly journals False Seedbeds Reduce Labor Requirements for Weeding in Chile Pepper

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Brian J. Schutte ◽  
Adriana D. Sanchez ◽  
Leslie L. Beck ◽  
Omololu John Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Experimental Runs

This study evaluated false seedbeds, which are sequences of irrigation and tillage that eliminate weed seedlings before crop planting, to reduce requirements for hand hoeing in chile pepper (Capsicum annuum). To address this objective, a field study was conducted near Las Cruces, NM from July 2015 to Oct. 2016 (experimental run 1) and July 2016 to Oct. 2017 (experimental run 2). False seedbeds were designed to target weeds that typically emerge after chile pepper planting. This was done by implementing false seedbeds the summer before chile pepper seeding. During chile pepper seasons, data included repeated measures of weed seedling emergence, amounts of time required for individuals to hoe field sections (i.e., hoeing time), and yields of two chile products: early harvest of green fruit and late harvest of red fruit. Hoeing time and yield data were included in cost–benefit analyses that also incorporated expenses and revenues projected by crop budget models for the study region. Results indicated false seedbeds caused a 54% decrease in weed population density during the chile pepper season of experimental run 1; however, for experimental run 2, false seedbeds did not affect cumulative weed seedling emergence. For both experimental runs, false seedbeds reduced hoeing times, suggesting that false seedbeds affected hoeing by means other than reduced weed density. After accounting for costs for implementation, false seedbeds reduced hand hoeing costs by $262/acre to $440/acre. These reductions in hoeing costs coincided with improved profitability in all but one combination of year and product. Green fruit yield was lower in false seedbed plots in experimental run 1; however, false seedbeds did not affect green fruit yield in experimental run 2, or red fruit yield in both experimental runs. These results indicate that false seedbeds implemented the summer before planting are promising techniques for reducing labor requirements for weeding in chile pepper production.

scholarly journals Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: I. Seed Germination and Emergence

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Frisby ◽  
Schuyler D. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

We compared peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Johnson Elberta] seed germination (G) and seedling emergence (E) after various stratification (St) treatments. Treatments were arranged in factorial combinations of five St durations (20 to 60 days) at eight constant temperatures (0 to 18C) in a completely randomized design followed by repeated measures during forcing time. G and E were recorded every 5 days during forcing. Seed St at 0 to 10C and 0 to 14C promoted G and E, respectively. G and E increased with longer St treatments at promoting temperatures. There was a weak correlation between G and E averaged over the forcing measurements (r2 = 0.54). The best correlation was between E after 15 days and G after 10 days (r2 = 0.83). The results indicate that G and E in peach are not identical indicators of endodormancy (ED) release and should not be used interchangeably. Forcing times must be considered when making comparisons between G and E.

scholarly journals Leaf and Fruit Yield Performance of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. (Fluted Pumpkin) as Influenced by Fruit Size

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu Paschal CHUKWUDI ◽  
Christian Ugwu AGBO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Leaf Yield

An experiment to ascertain the influence of fruit size on the yield of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at Nsukka. The mature fruits of T. occidentalis were graded into three length groups: large (more than 50 cm), medium (34-50 cm) and small (less than 34 cm). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications. The following data were collected: length of the longest vine, number of leaves/plant, vine diameter, marketable leaf and fruit yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance while Genotype by Genotype x Environment interaction biplot was used to show which-won-where among the groups. Significant means were separated using Fisher’s least significant differences. Medium sized fruits gave the highest marketable leaf yield that was significantly higher than the small sized fruits in both years. Small sized fruits were significantly (p<0.05) lower in total leaf yield, fruit weight/hectare, fruit circumference (33.9 cm) and length (22 cm). The biplot explained 100% of the variation in the fruit sizes. Large sized fruits were the best performer in fruit length, while medium sized fruits performed better in total marketable leaf yield, average fruit weight, number of fruits/hectare and total fruit weight/hectare. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.2 and 2.6 in 2011 and 2012, respectively were obtained from medium sized fruits Medium sized fruit are recommended in favour of small sized fruit for leaf and fruit production, having higher economic returns.

COMBINING ABILITY STUDY FOR GREEN FRUIT YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN HOT PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

The fruit yield and quality of hot pepper, Capsicum annuum L., is very low in Ethiopia mainly due to the lack of improved cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combining ability for yield and yield contributing characters in order to apply an appropriate breeding methodology for the improvement of yield and the contributing characters. Seven diverse cultivars, two local cultivars and five introduced promising inbred lines, were crossed in a half-diallel. The parents and F1s were grown at Melkasa Agricultural Research Center in 1999 and 2000. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications of ten plants per row. The green fruit yield and eight yield contributing characters were recorded from eight plants in each replication. The analysis of variance and estimates of GCA and SCA were significant for most of the characters studied. Significant GCA and SCA values were recorded for most of the characters, revealing that both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in genetic control. A lower average degree of dominance was also recorded for some of the characters. Although none of the parents was a good general combiner for all the traits, some parents showed high GCA effects for some of the economic traits, suggesting that these parental lines could be considered simultaneously while formulating a breeding programme for improving fruit yield and yield contributing characters. The majority of the crosses also depicted significant SCA effects in the desirable directions.

scholarly journals Selection indices for fruit yield improvement in elite cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ohiosinmuan Idehen ◽  
Paul Chiedozie Ukachukwu ◽  
Francis Abayomi Showemimo
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Variance Estimates

Abstract Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop, rich in vitamins and minerals and eaten fresh as a dessert. Its fruit yield is relatively low, though could be improved through knowledge of character association with it and selection of desirable materials for improvement programmes. Fifteen cultivars of Cucumber were evaluated at two locations (Abeokuta and Ibadan), South West, Nigeria in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in order to determine heritability, correlation, direct and indirect effects of characters on fruit yield. Data collected on agro-morphological characters were subjected to analysis of variance, estimates of heritability, correlation, and path analysis. Significant variations (p <0.05) were observed in the cultivars. High heritability estimates (>90%) was observed for fruit length at both locations. A significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation was observed between fruit yield and fruit weight. Number of days to 50% flowering and fruit width could also be selected directly for improvement of fruit yield in cucumber.

scholarly journals Production costs and fruit yield profitability in the initial harvest of custard apple trees

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-939
Author(s):  
Frederico Silva Thé Pontes ◽  
Júlio César do Vale Silva ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva ◽  
Ana Katarina Oliveira Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

The aim of this study was to estimate the production cost and economic indicators associated with the production and sales of fruits from 20 custard apple progenies during the initial five harvests, in order to identify the harvest season from which custard apple exploitation becomes profitable, as well as the most promising progenies from an economic point of view. The fruit yield data upon which the present work was based were obtained during the period from 2001 to 2005, in an experiment that evaluated 20 custard apple half-sibling progenies, under sprinkler irrigation. The progenies were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and plots consisting of four plants each. The exploitation of custard apple progenies only showed to be a profitable agribusiness after the fourth year. Before that, only A3 and A4 progenies in the second year, and P3 and P11 in the third year provided profitable incomes. Considering the methodological assumptions imposed concerning the time period analysis and the prices as of July 2007, the most important profitability indicators (operating profit, return index and equilibrium price) evidenced that the A4 progeny is the most recommended, although other progenies are also highlighted, such as FJ1 and FJ2. As already discussed, the progenies showing the highest average yields of five harvests are not always the most economically recommendable ones.

scholarly journals Effect Of Alley Size And Hedgerow Pruning Interval On Phenology And Yield Of Okra [Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench] In Hill Slope

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
ZA Firoz ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
MS Huda
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Hill Slope ◽  
Slope Condition ◽  
The Hill

An experiment was conducted at the Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari from May 2002 to November 2004 to find out the effect of alley size (3.0 , 4.0, and 5.0 m) and hedgerow pruning interval (1, 2, and 3 months) on phenology and fruit yield of okra in hill slope condition during the rainy season. The highest fruit yield (16.14 t/ha) was produced by the plants grown in 3.0 m size alley. In case of hedgerow pruning interval, the highest yield (16.07 t/ha was recorded from 2 months pruning interval and it was significantly different with other two pruning intervals. The treatment combination of 3.0 m size alley with I month pruning interval produced significantly highest yield (17.67 t/ha). The highest gross return (Tk.176700/ha), net return (Tk.120380/ha) and BCR (3.14) were also found from the same treatment though highest cost of production was involved in this treatment.   Key words: Alley size; pruning interval; phenology; okra yield; cost benefit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9238 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 143-150

scholarly journals Phenotypic variability for horticultural and fruit quality attributes in plastic house grown tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
O T Adeniji ◽  
A V Tenebe ◽  
A Ishaka ◽  
E Jandong ◽  
J T Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Yield Quality

In Sudan's agro-ecological zone, tomato production is constrained by a dearth of high fruit yielding and quality (Solanum lycopersicum [L.]) varieties for cultivation in polyhouse. Exotic and indeterminate tomato genotypes with high fruit yield and quality were evaluated to gain information on variation for fruit yield, quality, shape, and interdependence between traits in Sudan agroecology. The seed was sown during 2018 and 2019. Fruit yield, quality, and phenomic traits were measured. Development, °Brix, and fruit yield responded to microclimate factors in the polyhouse over years. ‘Bruno’ was the best for fruit size and ‘Tofi’ for fruit number. Vine length at flowering, fruits/cluster, days to 50% flowering, and days to first flowering and fruit brix are heritable. The genotype responses suggest the need for stable and to develop high-yielding and quality tomato varieties for protected cultivation in the Sudan agro-ecological zone. Testing stable genotypes in locations could enhance breeding efficiency with respect to genotypic stability. The yield data gained under tropical conditions identified traits of superior genotypes for multiple environment studies and to encourage tomato growers to consider protected cultivation in the tropics.

scholarly journals Efficacy and economics of integrated weed management in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Olumide Samuel Daramola ◽  
Joseph Aremu Adigun ◽  
Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractWeed management is one of the most important and expensive steps in okra production. Field experiments were therefore conducted in the early and late wet seasons of 2015 to evaluate the effectiveness and profitability of weed management using hoe weeding, herbicides or their combination in okra production. Propaben or butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. (active ingredient) ha–1 followed by (fb) supplementary hoe weeding (shw) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced weed density and biomass with subsequent increase in okra fruit yield similar to three hoe weedings and better than two hoe weedings or either herbicide applied alone in both early and late wet seasons. Although three hoe weedings provided the highest okra fruit yield (3590 and 4102 kg ha–1) and total revenue ($991.7 and $1699.7 ha–1), the gross margin ($186.4 and $931.6 ha–1) and cost-benefit ratio (0.2 and 1.2) obtained were lower than those obtained with herbicide treatments. Highest gross margin ($470.8 and $1224.9 ha–1) and cost-benefit ratio (1.2 and 3.0) in the early and late wet seasons, respectively, were achieved with propaben at 2.0 kg a.i ha–1 fb shw at 6 WAS. The results of this study suggest that integrated weed management with propaben followed by supplementary hoe weeding will improve weed control, productivity and profitability of okra. Multiple hoe weeding, however, did not guarantee highest profit but rather increased the cost of production.

scholarly journals Effect of Pruning in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for Shoot Growth, Flowering and Fruit Yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
K. S. Amarnath ◽  
Saket Mishra ◽  
Ravi Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Punica Granatum L ◽  
Number Of Branches

The present experiment was carried out during December 2018 to May 2019 in Central Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. it is concluded that treatment T2 (20 cm pruning) was best in terms of vegetative growth parameters like plant height, plant spread, number of branches etc. and treatment T4 (40 cm pruning) was best in terms of earliness and fruit yield parameters, in terms of quality treatment T3 (30 cm pruning) was best. In terms of economics treatment T4 (40 cm pruning) recorded maximum benefit and cost benefit ratio.

scholarly journals 627 Harvester Adjustments Substantially Increase Fruit Yield and Quality for the Split Versus Conventional Trellis in Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 505D-505
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Yield Sustainability ◽  
Harvest Efficiency

In 1999, yield of the split (ST) vs. conventional trellis (CT) was again compared in “Meeker” red raspberry. Field-testing was repeated at four sites in north (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland, Ridgefield, WSUV REU) Wash. A variety of widths, crossarm styles, and machine harvesters were tested in fields with varied cultural practices. Topped and tied-over canes were compared at two locations. In previous years, estimated yield potentials have been 20% to 60% greater for ST, but actual yields have only been 10% to 13% greater because of harvester damage to laterals and premature pick of green fruit. This year, Littau Harvester suggested minor machine adjustments that addressed these problems, resulting in a 19.4% yield increase for a 51-cm ST (Lynden). Lateral damage was minimized by spreading the picking heads to begin harvest, and then moving them closer after every three harvests. Excessive green fruit was controlled by reducing beater rod speed. A rough cost/benefit analysis indicates that there would be substantial economic gain (15% more $/acre in this case, assuming $0.50/lb fruit) for ST vs CT at this level of yield increase. There was no difference in harvest efficiency between treatments at WSUV. More fruit was lost to drop in the row center for ST in Lynden. Topped canes in CT and ST had reduced yields of 11 and 19% respectively compared to their tied-over counterparts. Topped ST canes had 11% greater yield than topped CT canes. ST canopies were larger, and had more leaves than CT. No differences were seen on a leaf-area basis between treatments for leaf: CO2 assimilation, fluorescence, and chlorophyll or in primocane leaf total nitrogen. Increased ST yields were recorded for a 2nd year at two locations, which supports yield sustainability for ST.

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