scholarly journals Inheritance of Internode Length and its Relation to Head Exsertion and Head Size in Broccoli

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Baggett ◽  
Deborah Kean ◽  
Kathryn Kasimor
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Principal Characteristic ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
High Head ◽  
Selection For

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group) lines with heads borne above the foliage (exserted) favorably for mechanical harvest were crossed with inbred lines with nonexserted heads. Length of the heads, defined as the portion of the plant above the highest major leaf, was ≈50% of the total plant height in short and tall parents and all plants of the F1, F2, and backcross generations. The principal characteristic identified with good head exsertion was long internodes. Internode length was inherited mostly in an additive manner, with some effect of hybrid vigor apparent in the F1, F2, and backcross to the tall parent. Plant height was also inherited in an additive manner. Head weight in the high-exsertion parent was much lower than in the low-exsertion parent. Within each parent and the F1, head weight was greater in plants with longer internodes and greater plant height. In the segregating generations (F2 and backcross), head weight increased with decreasing internode length, indicating that selection for high head exsertion would result in smaller heads and reduced yield.

scholarly journals Heterosis for Horticultural Traits in Broccoli

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 990C-990
Author(s):  
Anna L. Hale ◽  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Almost All

Over the last 3 decades, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) hybrids made by crossing two inbred lines replaced open-pollinated populations to become the predominant type of cultivar. The change to hybrids evolved with little or no understanding of heterosis or hybrid vigor in this crop. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine levels of heterosis expressed by a set of hybrids derived by crossing relatively elite, modern inbreds (n = 9). A total of 36 hybrids formed by crossing nine parents were evaluated for horticultural characters, including head weight, head stem diameter, plant height, plant width (in a row), and maturity (e.g., days from transplant to harvest) in four environments. When averaged across all four environments, roughly half of the hybrids exhibited high parent heterosis for head weight (1 to 30 g) and stem diameter (0.2 to 3.5 cm). Almost all hybrids showed high parent heterosis for plant height (1 to 10 cm) and width (2 to 13 cm). Unlike other traits, there was negative heterosis for maturity, indicating that heterosis for this character in hybrids is expressed as earliness. With modern broccoli inbreds, heterosis for head characteristics appears less important than for traits that measure plant vigor.

Genetic Techniques in Flatfish Culture

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Purdom
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Production ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Selection For

Selection for improved growth rate does not appear to be feasible in flatfish because the environmental component of variation is very large. Selection for other characters has not been studied. The development of inbred lines, and their use in F1 hybrid production, seems warranted in fish farming if only as a means of avoiding inbreeding depression of fitness. Gynogenesis may be a practical means for accelerating the rate of inbreeding in fish. Induced triploidy is a potentially useful technique in fish culture in that it prevents sexual maturation and limits the depression of growth associated with this. Hybridization is a common phenomenon among fish and can lead to a form of hybrid vigor. Its application in fish culture may be limited by marketing problems where fish are sold under a specific name.

scholarly journals Response of maize inbred lines to two European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) strains in Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M. Hudon ◽  
R.E. Pitblado ◽  
R.I. Hamilton ◽  
G. Bourgeois ◽  
S. Kuzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Total Plant

In 1986 and 1987, six maize inbred lines (CM47, A619, F2, CM107, CM7, and A654) were evaluated at four locations across Ontario and Quebec for their resistance to artificially infested univoltine and lst generation bivoltine strains of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Three criteria were used: leaf feeding, total plant damage at harvest and length of tunnels/plant height ratio. Substantial interactions in borer damage measurements were observed between locations and years, but inbred reaction was relatively consistent. For all criteria, the univoltine strain often caused significantly more damage than the bivoltine borer. In general, A619 had the greatest resistance-tolerance with good standability until harvest. Wherever possible, evaluation of genetic resistance in maize germplasm should be conducted using the univoltine borer strain.

HETEROSIS AND GRAIN YIELD AND COMPONENT IT BY USE (LINE×TESTER) OF INBRED LINES MAIZE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Abdulsamad Noaman ◽  
Zeyad Abdul Hamed ◽  
Ayad Abed
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Synthetic Varieties ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mating Method

A field experiment was conducted at Northwest of Ramadi .Ten inbred lines by using Line×tester mating method. On spring season 2018 seeds were planted, at an thesis crossing between inbreds and tester was done. On fall season 2018 for crosses and parents using RCBD with three replications to evaluate and estimate heterosis. The results of statistical analysis for these parents and their crosses were highly significant differences for all traits. Genetic analysis shows superiority the inbred KR640 was best for plant height 183.16 cm, number of grain/row 34.34 grain and grain yield 148.43 g .The tester A105 gave high value in grain yield was 145.62 g . The cross (B73 × IK8) gave high leaves area 0.511 cm, no of grain per rows 39.21grain and grain yield 217.05 g. The crosses (B73 × IK8) gave highly positive hybrid vigor to better parent and mid parent for no. of grain per rows was %28.21 and %42.24 grain yield was %79.10 and %81.71. we can conclude the possibility of using superior inbreeds to produce hybrids or use selection for it and produce synthetic varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of planting dates on the yield of broccoli genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
MA Hafiz ◽  
A Biswas ◽  
M Zakaria ◽  
J Hassan ◽  
NA Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Average Plant Height

This experiment was conducted during September, 2011 to March, 2012 in the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to find out the effect of planting date on the yield of broccoli genotypes. There were five genotypes viz. Early green, Forest green, Green calabrese, Premium crop and Green king and four planting dates viz. 2 October, 27 October, 21 November and 16 December. The treatment effects were statistically analyzed and found significant in most of the characters studied. Genotype Green calabrese was the highest in average plant height (53.70 cm). Green king produced the maximum spread diameter (69.23 cm), stem diameter (30.35 mm) and early initiation of floral head. Genotype Early green performed the best regarding head weight (343.87 g), yield per plant (477.4 g) and yield (19.10 t/ha). Broccoli planted on 21 November initiated early flower head, maximum head diameter (16.99 cm), head weight (314.49 g), yield per plant (453.64 g) and total yield (18.15 t/ha). The genotype Early green planted on 21 November showed the best performance in yield per plant (580.17 g) and yield hectare (23.21 t/ha).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 465-478, September 2015

scholarly journals Variance components and correlations of agronomic traits among cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) maturity groups

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Cervenski ◽  
Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga ◽  
Svetlana Glogovac
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Maturity Groups

In this paper we studied the variability and correlation of cabbage traits in different maturity groups. The study included early spring cabbages (planted in early spring, harvested in early summer) and autumn cabbages (planted in mid-summer, harvested in late autumn). Using coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients, we analyzed 17 cabbage traits in 35 commercially grown cultivars, F1 hybrids, and experimental F1 hybrids. The traits were analyzed separately for each maturity group. In the early cabbages, the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.8 to 44.2%. The calculated correlation coefficients differed between the two maturity groups. The early cabbages had 26 significant positive correlations. The positive correlations calculated among different traits of early cabbages defined this group fully and made it distinct from the late-maturing genotypes. Plant height and rosette diameter in the early genotypes were highly positively correlated with rosette weight, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, head height, and head diameter. Plant height and rosette diameter participate in the formation of active photosynthetic area in early cabbages. Rosette width in these genotypes provides a greater influx of light and heat, which results in greater head weight. Also, in early cabbages that have greater plant height, the leaf rosette will not lie on the cold surface of the ground in the spring. The activity of the cabbage plant is thus more focused towards the formation of larger head weight. Head volume in the late genotypes was highly positively correlated with rosette diameter, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, inner stem length, and head height. In late cabbages plant activity is directed towards the formation of head volume due to the longer duration of the growth period, larger leaves, and differences in climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Plant trait heterosis is quantitatively associated with expression heterosis of the plastid ribosomal proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Birdseye ◽  
Laura A. de Boer ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Zhouxin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Elevated Expression

AbstractThe use of hybrids is widespread in agriculture, yet the molecular basis for hybrid vigor (heterosis) remains obscure. To identify molecular components that may contribute to the known higher photosynthetic capacity of maize hybrids, we generated paired datasets of the proteomes and transcriptomes from leaf tissues of maize hybrids and their inbred parents. Expression patterns in the hybrids were semi-dominant to overdominant for subunits of the digenomic protein complexes required for the light reactions of photosynthesis and for chloroplast protein synthesis; nuclear and plastid-encoded subunits were elevated similarly. These patterns were not mirrored in the nuclear transcriptomes. We compared growth to transcript and protein levels of multiple hybrids with varying levels of heterosis. Expression heterosis (hybrid/mid-parent expression levels) of chloroplast ribosomal proteins and of nuclear transcripts for the photosynthetic light reactions was positively correlated with plant height heterosis (hybrid/mid-parent plant height). Ethylene biosynthetic enzymes were expressed below mid-parent levels in the hybrids, and the ethylene biosynthesis mutant acs2/acs6 partially phenocopied the hybrid proteome, indicating that a reduction in ethylene biosynthesis may be upstream of the elevated expression of photosynthetic and ribosomal proteins in chloroplasts of hybrids.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of exotic inbred lines of maize (Zea mays. L)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
AH Akhi ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
ANMS Karim ◽  
F Begum ◽  
MM Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Total Divergence

Sixty exotic inbred lines of maize from CIMMYT were characterized for a few morphological attributes and grain yield at the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2013-14. The inbred lines of the existing investigation were grouped into five distinct non-overlapping clusters based on D2 analysis. Cluster II was comprised of the highest number of inbreds whilst cluster III and IV included the lowest number of inbreds. The inter cluster distance was higher than intra cluster distance suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between clusters II and V (D2 = 15.40) and the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (D2 = 2.82). Cluster II exhibited the highest mean values for cob length and cob diameter, cluster V for number of grain /cob and total grain weight. The lowest mean value for plant height & ear height were found in cluster II and cluster IV for days to pollen shedding and days to silking. Days to silking, plant height, cob length (cm), number of rows /cob, number of grains /cob showed maximum contribution towards total divergence among different characters. The inbred lines were characterized for their morphological traits and kernel yield to achieve more heterotic partners to get higher heterosis.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 665-671, December 2017

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document