scholarly journals Tomato Root Distribution under Drip Irrigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Rosário G. Oliveira ◽  
António M. Calado ◽  
Carlos A. Martins Portas
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tomato Root

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) root distribution was evaluated by the trench profile wall method at four trickle irrigation regimes (irrigation at soil water potential -10, -20, -40, and -60 kPa) in a 2-year field trial. Total root length intensity (m·m-2), final yield (t·ha-1) and fruit size (g/fruit) decreased with decrease in amount of water applied. In both years, tomato water use efficiency (kg·ha-1·mm-1) was significantly lower with irrigation at -10 kPa than with any other irrigation regime studied. The largest proportion of tomato roots, 88% for 1989 and 96% for 1990, was found in the top 40 cm of the soil and rapidly decreased with depth. The high concentration of roots in the 30 to 40 cm layer was attributed to an horizon with high soil bulk density values, immediately below 40 cm, impeding deeper root penetration. Most roots occurred in the emitter area, close to the plant. In rows 1.5 m apart, between 12% and 21% of total root length was found more than 0.5 m from the stem, which may have resulted from the interpenetration of roots from plants of adjoining rows.

scholarly journals Plasticity in Root Length and Volume Through the Alternate Wetting and Drying Water Management in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Giovani Greigh de Brito ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽  
André Andres ◽  
Jaqueline Trombetta da Silva ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Plasticity ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Wetting And Drying

Saving water via rational management in paddy rice require efforts to minimize risks to food security, whether consider that its adoption by farmers generally lead to lower grain productivity. Recently, studies by meta-analysis approaches highlight that when soil water potential was higher than -20 kPa, grain yields are not significantly decreased. In this context, new efforts should be done by rice breeders aiming to improve the plant performance when submitted to a more severe alternate wetting and drying (AWD) aiming to face the increasingly extreme climatic events in the next decades. Thus, in this first-tier of the study, our main objective was to evaluate the responses of a genotypes set (cultivars and elite line) for some root traits plasticity and its potential to change gas exchange attributes and grain yield when plants are subjected to severe AWD irrigation management, even when soil water potential beyond this threshold (when soils dried beyond -20 kPa, even reaching -40 kPa). Our data highlight that the mean grain yield across genotypes ranged from 9.25 to 12.65 ton/ha when maintained under continuous flooding (CF) and from 9.52 to 11.67 ton/ha at AWD water management. Root plasticity responses across evaluated genotypes under AWD management were highlighted; BRS Pampa cultivar and Titan CL hybrid showed the greater plasticity index for total root length and total root volume. Data suggests that under severe AWD management, root plasticity in terms of more total root length and total root volume at 0-20 cm depth can leads to some contribution degree for higher grain yield and for its stability under AWD practice. These results can serves as a starting point to additional efforts via physiological breeding approaches aiming the construction of rice plant ideotypes more suitable for AWD management, especially take into account its contributions to mitigate potential impacts of future climate changes on food security.

Effect of subsoil friability in Lemons loam on the growth of peach trees

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
EH Mikhail ◽  
WI Walbran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tree Performance

Lemnos loam, a widespread red-brown earth soil type in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria, has been re-surveyed in an area of approximately 6,880 hectares near Kyabram. Three degrees of subsoil friability have been recognised and mapped. The root distribution, butt circumference and height of ten year old peach trees (Golden Queen and Cornish varieties) have been studied In relationship to these degrees of friability. The results obtained show that the greater the friability of the subsoil, the better is tree performance as measured by butt circumference and tree height. Furthermore, the greater the friabihty of the subsoil, the deeper is the penetration of roots into the subsoil layers and the higher is the root concentration in the deeper horizons of the soil. A regression equation, with a coefficient of determination of 89.7 per cent, has been obtained for the relationship between total root length in the subsoil and butt circumference.

scholarly journals Root System Characteristics of Papaya Plants Grown on a Slope

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685b-685
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Haluk M. Discekici
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
System Characteristics

`Red Lady' papaya transplants were planted on a slope with a 30% to 35% grade and grown for 5 months. Excavation was used to determine root distribution on the uphill and downhill sides of the plants. Roots were separated into the taproot system and lateral roots on the uphill and downhill sides. The line intersect method was used to determine length of the lateral roots, and length of the taproot system was measured directly. All roots were dried at 70°C. The taproot system accounted for 2% of the total root length and 66% of the total root mass. Of the 130-m of lateral roots, 71% were located on the downhill side. Similarly, 69% of the dry mass of the lateral root system was located on the downhill side. Primary lateral roots on the uphill side of each plant developed horizontally, but some secondary lateral roots developed against gravity to maintain a portion of the root system close to the surface of the slope. Some of these lateral roots developed at angles of 55° to 60° above the horizontal.

scholarly journals Copper Hydroxide Controls Root Distribution In Container-Grown Carpentaria Palm

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 271D-271
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson ◽  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
House Paint ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Medium Interface

The influence of copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] application to interior container surfaces on root growth at the container-medium interface was studied using Carpentaria palm [Carpentaria acuminata (H. Wendl. & Drude) Becc.]. Cu(OH)2 (0, 100, 200, or 400 g) was mixed with one liter of either white latex house paint, or NuFilm-17 surfactant, and applied to all surfaces inside 0.5 liter containers. Plants were grown in untreated containers, in containers treated with paint or NuFilm-17 only, or in containers treated with Cu(OH)2 in paint (100 g rate only) or NuFilm-17 (100, 200 or 400 g per liter). When applied in paint or NuFilm-17, Cu(OH)2 reduced root growth at the container-medium interface, controlling the circular growth pattern commonly observed in container-grown plants. Controlling circling root growth at the soil-container interface did not influence shoot or root dry weight, but did reduce total root length. Application of Cu(OH)2 with paint was unsightly, while application with NuFilm-17 was almost unnoticeable.

EFFECTS OF ALUMINIUM ON THE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT SYSTEM, AERIAL BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE GROWN IN THE FIELD AND IN A RHIZOTRON

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. COMIN ◽  
J. BARLOY ◽  
V. HALLAIRE ◽  
F. ZANETTE ◽  
P. R. M. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Four Levels

The aim of this work was to study the effects of soluble aluminium on the morphology and growth of the adventitious root system, aerial biomass and grain yield of maize (Zea mays). The analysis focuses on two hybrid cultivars (Al-sensitive HS7777 and Al-tolerant C525M). Experiments were carried out in the field and in a rhizotron in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. In the field, four levels of lime application were used: T0 = 0 t ha−1, T1 = 3.5 t ha−1, T2 = 7.0 t ha−1, and T3 = 10.5 t ha−1. Two levels were used in a rhizotron: T0 and T3. In the surface horizon (0–15 cm), the Al concentrations of the soil solution were: T0 = 15, T1 = 5.1, T2 = 4.4, and T3 = 3.1 μM. In the field, neither Al concentration in the soil solution nor cultivar affected the number of primary adventitious roots per internode or the total number of primary adventitious roots. However, root diameter, plant population and grain yield of the two cultivars confirmed the differences in Al tolerance between them. Al was observed to have an adverse effect on the grain yield from C525M, while low yields from HS7777, at all levels of Al, precluded any response to liming. In the rhizotron studies, Al concentration and cultivar affected the root branching and total root length. Cultivar C525M had more branches and total root length than HS7777, mainly at low concentrations of soil Al solution, leading to greater spatial colonization of the soil down to 0.9 m depth.

scholarly journals Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on rooting behaviour of grape cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
SHRUTHI REDDY L ◽  
GOPALA KRISHNA REDDY A ◽  
VANAJA. M ◽  
MARUTHI. V. ◽  
VANAJA LATHA. K.
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was laid out to study the impact of eCO2 (550ppm), eT (+3ºC) and their interaction (eCO2+eT) on rooting behaviour of cuttings of three grape varieties- Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue, and Dogridge in FATE and OTC facilities. Observations were recorded at 50 and 80 days after planting (DAP) and root growth data was recorded and analysed using WinRHIZO root scanner and its software. Analysis revealed that, among the selected grape varieties, Thompson Seedless cuttings has shown highest number of roots, root volume and dry biomass under eCO2 and eCO2+ eT conditions, while total root length and root length density were highest with Bangalore Blue. Under eT condition, Bangalore Blue showed highest number of roots, total root length and root length density, while root volume and dry biomass was highest with Thompson Seedless. The per se values of root parameters under all conditions and their response to eCO2 was lowest with Dogridge. Though eT condition reduced all the root parameters, their performance improved under eCO2+ eT indicating the presence of higher concentration of CO2 reduced the ill effects of high temperature. Overall, eCO2 and eCO2+eT conditions improved root parameters of grape varieties, while eT reduced them as compared to their performance under ambient condition and varietal variation is significant.

Errors in estimating total root length by sub-samples method

1989 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Habib ◽  
J Chadoeuf
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Total Root Length

THE IMPACT OF FALLOWING AND GREEN MANURING ON SOIL CONDITIONS AND THE GROWTH OF SUGARCANE

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. NIXON ◽  
L. P. SIMMONDS
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
The Impact

There are currently concerns within some sugar industries that long-term monoculture has led to soil degradation and consequent yield decline. An investigation was conducted in Swaziland to assess the effects of fallowing and green manuring practices, over a seven-month period, on sugarcane yields and the physical properties of a poorly draining clay soil. In the subsequent first sugarcane crop after planting, yields were improved from 129 t ha−1 under continuous sugarcane to 141–144 t ha−1 after fallowing and green manuring, but there were no significant responses in the first and second ratoon crops. Also, in the first crop after planting, root length index increased from 3.5 km m−2 under continuous sugarcane to 5.2–6.8 km m−2 after fallowing, and improved rooting was still evident in the first ratoon crop where there had been soil drying during the fallow period. Soil bulk density, total porosity and water-holding capacity were not affected by the fallowing practices. However, air-filled porosity increased from 11 % under continuous sugarcane to 16% after fallowing, and steady state ponded infiltration rates were increased from 0.61 mm h−1 to 1.34 mm h−1, but these improvements were no longer evident after a year back under sugarcane. Levels of soil organic matter were reduced in all cases, probably as a result of the tillage operations involved. In the plant crop, root length was well correlated with air-filled porosity, indicating the importance of improving belowground air supply for crop production on poorly draining clay soils.

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