Growth Response, Nutrient Leaching, and Mass Balance for Potted Poinsettia. I. Nitrogen

Single-pinched poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch `V-14 Glory') received 210 mg·L-1 constant N fertigation from Hoagland solution with N sources of 100% NO3-N or 60% NO3-N : 40% NH4-N, P concentrations of 7.8 or 23 mg·L-1, and leaching fractions (LFs) of 0, 0.2, or 0.4. The P fertigation rates did not significantly affect plant growth measurements and N leaching. Shoot dry masses and leaf and bract areas of plants fertigated with 60% NO3-N were 11% to 26% greater than those fertigated with 100% NO3-N. Shoot dry mass at the 0 LF was 27% smaller than those at the 0.4 LF. The total amount of N applied via fertigation was 1.7 g at the 0 LF and 3.3 g at the 0.4 LF. Leachate N concentration ranged from 170 to 850 mg·L-1. Nitrogen recovery was 74% to 91%, and the percentage of fertigation N recovered in leachate ranged from 51% at the 0.2 LF to 74% at the 0.4 LF. With a 0.4 LF and 210 mg·L-1 N fertigation, 15% to 22% of the recovered N was found in the shoots, and 68% to 75% was found in the leachate. Even with a 0.2 LF, >50% of the N recovered was found in the leachate. Premium marketable quality poinsettia were produced with N at 210 mg·L-1 from 60% NO3-N : 40% NH4-N fertigation solution at the 0.4 LF. To reduce N leaching to the environment, good marketable quality poinsettias could be grown at a LF of ≤0.2 with 210 mg·L-1 N fertigation if quality irrigation water is available and if a small reduction in growth is acceptable.

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Growth Response, Nutrient Leaching, and Mass Balance for Potted Poinsettia. II. Phosphorus

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.122.3.459 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 459-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Catherine S.M. Ku ◽

David R. Hershey

Keyword(s):

Growth Response ◽

N Uptake ◽

Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽

Normal Range ◽

Hoagland Solution ◽

P Concentration ◽

N Treatment ◽

P Leaching ◽

Substrate Ph ◽

Total P

Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch `V-14 Glory') grown as single-pinched plants and received constant fertigation of Hoagland solution with N at 210 mg·L-1 of 100% NO3-N or 60% NO3-N : 40% NH4-N; P at 7.8 and 23 mg·L-1; and leaching fractions (LFs) of 0, 0.2, or 0.4. The P at 23 mg·L-1 used in this study was about half the P concentration typically provided from a 20N-4.4P-16.6K fertilizer at 200 mg·L-1 N fertigation. The total P applied via fertigation ranged from 51 mg at the 0 LF to 360 mg at the 0.4 LF. The leachate P concentration ranged from 0.2 to 46 mg·L-1. With P at 7.8 mg·L-1, the percentage of total P recovered in the leachate was 6% to 7%. At 23 mg·L-1 P fertigation, however, the total P recovered in the leachate with 60% NO3-N treatment was 2-times greater than with 100% NO3-N treatment. This result is attributed to a lower substrate pH, which resulted from NH4-N uptake and nitrification processes with 60% NO3-N fertigation. The P concentration in the recently matured leaves with 7.8 mg·L-1 P fertigation was in the normal range of 0.3% to 0.6%. Fertigation P can be reduced by up to 80% and still be sufficient for producing quality poinsettias. Reducing the fertigation P concentration is beneficial because it reduces P leaching, reduces fertilizer costs, and reduces luxury consumption.

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Soil, Plant, and Canopy Responses To Carbonated Irrigation Water

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.6.2.111 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Craig A. Storlie ◽

Joseph R. Heckman

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Growth Response ◽

Plant Productivity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth ◽

Carbonated Water ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Increase Plant Productivity ◽

Increase Crop Yield

Scientists have sought to stimulate plant growth using carbonated irrigation water for more than 100 years. The mechanisms by which carbonated water may increase plant productivity and the influence of environmental and cultural growing conditions on those mechanisms are not completely understood. Several greenhouse and field studies have demonstrated that carbonated irrigation water can increase crop yield significantly while others have shown that carbonated irrigation water does not influence plant productivity. It is unlikely that carbonated irrigation water will be recommended commercially until the conditions are delineated under which a positive and economically advantageous growth response is ensured.

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Pathogenicity of Helicotylenchus indicus Siddiqi, 1963 on papaya and impact of some bio-organic materials

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Shimaa F. DIAB ◽

Ahlam M. EL-GHONIMY ◽

Hosny Hamed KESBA

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Response ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Negative Response ◽

Nematode Density ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Nematode Management ◽

P Content ◽

Different Levels ◽

Plant Length

Two pot experiments were conducted to determine the growth response of papaya, ‘Solo’ and H. indicus reproduction in relation to different levels of nematode inocula (0, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 12000 nematode/pot) and impact of some commercial products, e.g. Bio Tonic®, Hundz Soil®, Nemakey-N™, Nemastop® and Nubtea® on nematode management, plant growth and NPK contents. As increase nematode density to 4000 and up to 12000 nematode/pot, significant reductions in plant length, fresh or dry mass were detected. The highest reduction in plant growth was achieved by density of 12000 nematode/pot. Most inoculation levels reduced plant contents of N and K regardless to nematode density. Tremendous increase in plant content of P was obtained by 4000 and 12000 nematode/pot. The nematode build up was decreased by increasing the nematode density. All treatments significantly improved the plant criteria. Significant increase of shoot parameters was obvious in Nubtea® treatment. Nemastop® had less value of shoot parameters. Negative response was recorded in P content in all treatments. There were no significant differences among treatments in plant content of N except Nubtea® treatment. The least value of K was found in Nemastop® treatment. The Nemakey-N™ overwhelmed all treatments in reducing all nematode criteria.

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Field Measurements and Simulation of Nitrogen Fate under Citrus Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.498c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 498c-498

Author(s):

A. Fares ◽

A.K. Alva ◽

S. Paramasivam

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Root Zone ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

N Leaching ◽

Citrus Production

Water and nitrogen (N) are important inputs for most crop production. The main objectives of nitrogen best management practices (NBMP) are to improve N and water management to maximize the uptake efficiency and minimize the leaching losses. This require a complete understanding of fate of N and water mass balance within and below the root zone of the crop in question. The fate of nitrogen applied for citrus production in sandy soils (>95% sand) was simulated using a mathematical model LEACHM (Leaching Estimation And Chemistry Model). Nitrogen removal in harvested fruits and storage in the tree accounted the major portion of the applied N. Nitrogen volatilization mainly as ammonia and N leaching below the root zone were the next two major components of the N mass balance. A proper irrigation scheduling based on continuous monitoring of the soil water content in the rooting was used as a part of the NBMP. More than 50% of the total annual leached water below the root zone was predicted to occur in the the rainy season. Since this would contribute to nitrate leaching, it is recomended to avoid N application during the rainy season.

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Plastic Mulch Color Effects on Light Micro-environment and Watermelon Plant Growth

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.474d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 474d-474

Author(s):

N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽

Dennis R. Decoteau

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Root Zone ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Total Light ◽

Dry Mass Partitioning

This study was conducted to evaluate the spectral properties of various colored plastic color mulches and to determine the effects of upwardly reflected light from the mulch surfaces on watermelon plant growth when differences in root zone temperatures are minimized. Two-week-old watermelon plants were grown with black mulch, red-painted mulch, SRM-Red mulch (Sonoco, Inc., Harstville, S.C.), and white mulch. Total light reflection (58 μmol·m–2·s–1 in 400–700 nm) and red: far-red (R:FR = 0.44) of reflected light were lower in black mulch and highest in white mulch (634 and 0.92, respectively). Both black mulch and white mulch had same blue:red (B:R = 0.6) while white mulch had higher B:FR (0.58) in reflected light compared to black mulch (0.26). Reflective properties of red mulches were somewhat similar, and R:FR, B:R, and B:FR were 0.8, 0.2, and 0.18, respectively. However, SRM-Red mulch had highest total light (355 μmol·m–2·s–1 in 400–700 nm) transmission through the mulch, and R:FR, B:R, and B:FR were 0.84, 0.28, and 0.23, respectively. Light transmission through the other mulches was nonsignificant. Watermelon plants grown with black mulch and red mulches had higher internode lengths compared to white mulch after 20 days. Further, plants grown under black had significant higher petiole elongation accompanied with higher dry mass partitioning to petioles, and lower partitioning to roots, stems, and leaves. There was no effects of surface mulch color on total plant dry mass or photosynthesis although plants with black had higher transpiration rate. This suggests the differential regulation of dry mass partitioning among plant parts due to mulch color. The similar plant responses with black mulch and white mulch to plants treated with FR or R light at the end of photoperiod implies the involvement of phytochrome regulation of growth due to mulch surface color.

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Soil and plant growth response and trace elements accumulation in sweet corn and snow pea grown under fresh and carbonated coal fly ash amendment

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.1002/agj2.20711 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nadeesha L. Ukwattage ◽

U.Vajini Lakmali ◽

Ranjith P. Gamage

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Response ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Plant Growth Response

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Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79346-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Nordkvist ◽

Maartje J. Klapwijk ◽

La rs Edenius ◽

Christer Björkman

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Response ◽

Insect Herbivory ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Ungulate Herbivory ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Species Specific

AbstractMost plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.

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Nitrogen fertilization of vegetables cultivated under no-tillage after cover crops

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620170116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roberto BF Branco ◽

Sally F Blat ◽

Tais GS Gimenes ◽

Rodrigo HD Nowaki ◽

Humberto S Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Biological Fixation ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The production of horticultural crops in no-tillage and in rotation with cover crops reduces the dependency in nitrogen fertilizer, due to increased soil organic matter and by biological fixation performed by legumes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study rates of nitrogen fertilization and cover crops in the agronomic performance of tomato and broccoli grown under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of cover crops, sunn hemp and millet, and four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of nitrogen), for both the tomato and broccoli crops. All soil management was performed in no-tillage. For tomato crops we evaluated the plant growth, the nitrate concentration of sprouts and fruits and yield of commercial and non commercial fruits. For broccoli we evaluated plant growth and yield. There was an interaction effect between cover crop and nitrogen rates to tomato growth measured at 100 days after transplanting, for plant height, number of fruit bunches, dry mass of leaves and diameter of the stalk. The tomato commercial fruit number and yield showed maximum values with 137 and 134 kg/ha of N respectively, on the sunn hemp straw. The nitrate concentration of the tomato sprouts was linearly increasing with the increase of nitrogen rates, when grown on the millet straw. For broccoli production, the maximum fresh mass of commercial inflorescence was with 96 kg/ha of N, when grown on the millet straw.

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