Soil, Plant, and Canopy Responses To Carbonated Irrigation Water

Scientists have sought to stimulate plant growth using carbonated irrigation water for more than 100 years. The mechanisms by which carbonated water may increase plant productivity and the influence of environmental and cultural growing conditions on those mechanisms are not completely understood. Several greenhouse and field studies have demonstrated that carbonated irrigation water can increase crop yield significantly while others have shown that carbonated irrigation water does not influence plant productivity. It is unlikely that carbonated irrigation water will be recommended commercially until the conditions are delineated under which a positive and economically advantageous growth response is ensured.

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Potato Growth Uniformity as Affected by Subsurface Drip and Seepage Irrigation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.529c ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 529C-529

Author(s):

S.J. Locascio ◽

A.G. Smajstsrla ◽

D.H. Hensel ◽

D.P. Weigartner

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Production ◽

Field Studies ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Seepage Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Potato Growth

Growth and production uniformity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as influenced by conventional seepage irrigation and by subsurface drip irrigation was evaluated in field studies during two seasons in plots 16 rows (18.3 m) wide and 183 m long. Seepage irrigation water was supplied through ditches located on each side of each plot. Drip irrigation water was distributed through buried tubes placed under the beds 6.1 m apart extending the length of the rows. Water application throughout the plots was accomplished more rapidly with the subsurface drip system and water use during the two seasons was 33% less than with the conventional seepage system. Tuber yield during the first season was similar with the two irrigation systems. During the second season, plant growth, tuber development, and tuber yield were sampled on alternate rows beginning on each outside bed, at each end of each plot, and in the middle of the plots. Irrigation method and bed location among the 16 beds had little influence of potato growth and development. With water flow from north to south, plant growth, and tuber yield were significantly higher from potatoes growing at the north end, lowest in the plot center, and intermediate from potatoes growing at the south end. These data indicate that potato production with the two irrigation systems was similar.

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Effects of Nanomaterials on Plant Growth at Molecular Level

Current Materials Science ◽

10.2174/2666145414666210521213759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Yuxin Li ◽

Yukui Rui ◽

Bo Huang ◽

Mengyuan Liu ◽

Adeel Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth ◽

Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Increase Crop Yield

Abstract: Nanomaterials are widely used in all walks of life, bringing great changes to our life and production. In addition, nanomaterials have also been used in agriculture. The most common ones are carbon-based nanomaterials and TiO2 nanoparticles, which can stimulate plant growth and increase crop yield. However, not all nanomaterials have a positive effect on plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the influence of nanomaterials on plants after entering the environment. Nanomaterials can be inhaled directly or through endocytosis. Some nanomaterials will become the corresponding ion state to enter the plant, while some larger nanomaterials will block cell wall channels or adsorb on the surface of plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) enter the plant can produce positive or negative effects on the plant's genes, proteins. This paper discusses the impact of nanomaterials on plant growth and the molecular level.

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Growth Response, Nutrient Leaching, and Mass Balance for Potted Poinsettia. I. Nitrogen

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.122.3.452 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 452-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Catherine S.M. Ku ◽

David R. Hershey

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mass Balance ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Growth Response ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Recovery ◽

N Leaching ◽

Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽

Small Reduction ◽

Hoagland Solution

Single-pinched poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch `V-14 Glory') received 210 mg·L-1 constant N fertigation from Hoagland solution with N sources of 100% NO3-N or 60% NO3-N : 40% NH4-N, P concentrations of 7.8 or 23 mg·L-1, and leaching fractions (LFs) of 0, 0.2, or 0.4. The P fertigation rates did not significantly affect plant growth measurements and N leaching. Shoot dry masses and leaf and bract areas of plants fertigated with 60% NO3-N were 11% to 26% greater than those fertigated with 100% NO3-N. Shoot dry mass at the 0 LF was 27% smaller than those at the 0.4 LF. The total amount of N applied via fertigation was 1.7 g at the 0 LF and 3.3 g at the 0.4 LF. Leachate N concentration ranged from 170 to 850 mg·L-1. Nitrogen recovery was 74% to 91%, and the percentage of fertigation N recovered in leachate ranged from 51% at the 0.2 LF to 74% at the 0.4 LF. With a 0.4 LF and 210 mg·L-1 N fertigation, 15% to 22% of the recovered N was found in the shoots, and 68% to 75% was found in the leachate. Even with a 0.2 LF, >50% of the N recovered was found in the leachate. Premium marketable quality poinsettia were produced with N at 210 mg·L-1 from 60% NO3-N : 40% NH4-N fertigation solution at the 0.4 LF. To reduce N leaching to the environment, good marketable quality poinsettias could be grown at a LF of ≤0.2 with 210 mg·L-1 N fertigation if quality irrigation water is available and if a small reduction in growth is acceptable.

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Physiology of Methylotrophs Living in the Phyllosphere

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 809

Author(s):

Hiroya Yurimoto ◽

Kosuke Shiraishi ◽

Yasuyoshi Sakai

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Sole Source ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Diurnal Cycles ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Increase Crop Yield

Methanol is abundant in the phyllosphere, the surface of the above-ground parts of plants, and its concentration oscillates diurnally. The phyllosphere is one of the major habitats for a group of microorganisms, the so-called methylotrophs, that utilize one-carbon (C1) compounds, such as methanol and methane, as their sole source of carbon and energy. Among phyllospheric microorganisms, methanol-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria, known as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), are the dominant colonizers of the phyllosphere, and some of them have recently been shown to have the ability to promote plant growth and increase crop yield. In addition to PPFMs, methanol-utilizing yeasts can proliferate and survive in the phyllosphere by using unique molecular and cellular mechanisms to adapt to the stressful phyllosphere environment. This review describes our current understanding of the physiology of methylotrophic bacteria and yeasts living in the phyllosphere where they are exposed to diurnal cycles of environmental conditions.

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Soil and plant growth response and trace elements accumulation in sweet corn and snow pea grown under fresh and carbonated coal fly ash amendment

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.1002/agj2.20711 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nadeesha L. Ukwattage ◽

U.Vajini Lakmali ◽

Ranjith P. Gamage

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Response ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Plant Growth Response

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Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79346-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Nordkvist ◽

Maartje J. Klapwijk ◽

La rs Edenius ◽

Christer Björkman

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Response ◽

Insect Herbivory ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Ungulate Herbivory ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Species Specific

AbstractMost plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.

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Surface and Internalized Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Field-Grown Spinach and Lettuce Treated with Spray-Contaminated Irrigation Water

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-73.6.1023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 1023-1029 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

MARILYN C. ERICKSON ◽

CATHY C. WEBB ◽

JUAN CARLOS DIAZ-PEREZ ◽

SHARAD C. PHATAK ◽

JOHN J. SILVOY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Enrichment Culture ◽

Field Studies ◽

Plate Count ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Adaxial Side ◽

Abaxial Side ◽

E Coli ◽

Contaminated Irrigation Water

Numerous field studies have revealed that irrigation water can contaminate the surface of plants; however, the occurrence of pathogen internalization is unclear. This study was conducted to determine the sites of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination and its survival when the bacteria were applied through spray irrigation water to either field-grown spinach or lettuce. To differentiate internalized and surface populations, leaves were treated with a surface disinfectant wash before the tissue was ground for analysis of E. coli O157:H7 by direct plate count or enrichment culture. Irrigation water containing E. coli O157:H7 at 102, 104, or 106 CFU/ml was applied to spinach 48 and 69 days after transplantation of seedlings into fields. E. coli O157:H7 was initially detected after application on the surface of plants dosed at 104 CFU/ml (4 of 20 samples) and both on the surface (17 of 20 samples) and internally (5 of 20 samples) of plants dosed at 106 CFU/ml. Seven days postspraying, all spinach leaves tested negative for surface or internal contamination. In a subsequent study, irrigation water containing E. coli O157:H7 at 108 CFU/ml was sprayed onto either the abaxial (lower) or adaxial (upper) side of leaves of field-grown lettuce under sunny or shaded conditions. E. coli O157:H7 was detectable on the leaf surface 27 days postspraying, but survival was higher on leaves sprayed on the abaxial side than on leaves sprayed on the adaxial side. Internalization of E. coli O157:H7 into lettuce leaves also occurred with greater persistence in leaves sprayed on the abaxial side (up to 14 days) than in leaves sprayed on the adaxial side (2 days).

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Actinomycetes as the basis of Probiotics for Plants

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-2-3-19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 3-19

Author(s):

A.A. Gagarina

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Present Review ◽

Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽

Current State ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Streptomyces Genus

The present review describes the concept of probiotics for plants and analyzes the prospects for using actinomycetes as producers of these drugs. The minimum requirements for plant probiotic microorganisms are proposed, similar to those for human probiotic microorganisms. These are utility, efficiency and safety for plants, as well as mandatory isolation from plant samples. It is noted that these requirements are usually met by endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms that stimulate plant growth and provide them with protection from phytopathogens. Evidence is given for the possibility of attributing actinomycetes to probiotic plant bacteria, due to the close relationship of these microorganisms with plants, their wide distribution in populations of endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms, and the presence of phytoregulatory activity. The review provides examples of genera and species of actinomycetes that are promising producers of probiotics for agronomically important crops. The most studied and commercialized of them are representatives of the Streptomyces genus. The current state, prospects and problems in commercialization of probiotics based on actinomycetes are discussed. probiotic microorganisms of plants, associative actinomycetes, endophytes, rhizosphere, biological preparations

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