Yield Responses of a Mature Olive Orchard to Water Deficits

Irrigation is one of the most important means of increasing olive oil production but little information exists on the responses of olive to variable water supply. Five different irrigation strategies, full irrigation, rain fed, and three deficit irrigation treatments were compared from 1996 to 1999, in Cordoba, southern Spain, to characterize the response of a mature olive (Olea europaea L. `Picual') orchard to irrigation. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) varied from less than 500 mm in the rain fed to ≈900 mm under full irrigation. The deficit irrigation treatments had ETc values that ranged from 60% to 80% of full ETc depending on the year and treatment. Water relations, and oil content and trunk growth measurements allowed for the interpretation of yield responses to water deficits. In a deficit irrigation treatment that concentrated all its ETc deficit in the summer, stem water potential (Ψx) decreased to -7 MPa but recovered quickly in the fall, while in the treatment that applied the same ET deficit progressively, Ψx was never below -3.8 MPa. Minimum Ψx in the rain fed treatment reached -8 MPa. Yield (Y) responses as a function of ETc were calculated for biennial yield data, given the alternate bearing habit of the olive; the equation are: Y = -16.84 + 0.063 ET -0.035 × 10-3 ET2, and Y = -2.78 + 0.011 ET - 0.006 × 10-3 ET2, for fruit and oil production respectively, with responses to ET deficits being similar for sustained and regulated deficit irrigation. The yield response to a deficit treatment that was fully irrigated during the bearing year and rain fed in the nonbearing year, was less favorable than that observed in the other two deficit treatments.

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Saline water irrigation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under Mediterranean conditions

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp14243 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (10) ◽

pp. 993 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Attila Yazar ◽

Çigdem Incekaya ◽

S. Metin Sezen ◽

Sven-Erik Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Saline Water ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Yield Response ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Set Up

Field experiments were set up in order to evaluate the yield response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. Titicaca) to irrigation with saline and fresh water under Mediterranean climate from 2010 to 2012 in Adana, Turkey. Irrigation treatments in 2010 and 2011 comprised full irrigation with fresh water, full irrigation with saline water of different salt concentrations (40, 30, 20, 10 dS m–1), deficit irrigations with fresh water (50%, 75% of full irrigation), partial root-zone drying, and deficit irrigation with saline water of 40 dS m–1 (50%). In 2012, in addition to the full irrigation treatments, two deficit irrigation levels of 67% and 33% of full irrigation with fresh or saline (30, 20, 10 dS m–1) water were considered. The results indicated that grain yields were slightly reduced by irrigation water salinity up to 30 dS m–1 compared with fresh water irrigation. Salinity and drought stress together interfered considerably with crop grain and biomass yields. However, salinity stress alone did not interfere with grain and biomass yield significantly; therefore, quinoa may be defined as a crop tolerant to salinity. Yield parameters such as aboveground biomass, seed yield and harvest index suggested a good adaptation of quinoa cv. Titicaca to Mediterranean environments.

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`Umatilla Russet' and `Russet Legend' Potato Yield and Quality Response to Irrigation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1117 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1117-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C.C. Shock ◽

E.B.G. Feibert ◽

L.D. Saunders ◽

S.R. James

Keyword(s):

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Applied Water ◽

Ranger Russet ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Umatilla Russet

`Umatilla Russet' and `Russet Legend', two newly released potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were compared with four established cultivars (`Russet Burbank', `Shepody', `Frontier Russet', and `Ranger Russet'). Potatoes were grown under four, season-long, sprinkler irrigation treatments in three successive years (1992-94) on silt loam soil in eastern Oregon. At each irrigation, the full irrigation treatment received up to the accumulated evapotranspiration (ETc) since the last irrigation. Three deficit irrigation treatments had progressively less water. The new cultivars `Umatilla Russet' and `Russet Legend' performed as well as or better than the other cultivars in the full irrigation treatment, with `Umatilla Russet' showing a higher yield potential at the higher water application rates than `Russet Legend'. All cultivars produced more U.S. No. 1 tubers than `Russet Burbank', except in 1993, an unusually cool and wet year. `Russet Legend' was the only cultivar showing a tolerance to deficit irrigation. In two out of the three years, `Russet Legend' was as productive of U.S. No. 1 yield over most of the range of applied water as `Shepody', `Frontier Russet', and `Ranger Russet' were at the higher end of the applied water range. Chemical names used: 0,0-diethyl S-[(ethylthio) methyl] phosphorodithioate (phorate); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); and 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1methyl-ethyl) acetamide (metolachlor).

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Potential of UAS-Based Remote Sensing for Estimating Tree Water Status and Yield in Sweet Cherry Trees

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12152359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 2359

Author(s):

Víctor Blanco ◽

Pedro José Blaya-Ros ◽

Cristina Castillo ◽

Fulgencio Soto-Vallés ◽

Roque Torres-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Water Status ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Stem Water Potential ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Cherry Trees

The present work aims to assess the usefulness of five vegetation indices (VI) derived from multispectral UAS imagery to capture the effects of deficit irrigation on the canopy structure of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in southeastern Spain. Three irrigation treatments were assayed, a control treatment and two regulated deficit irrigation treatments. Four airborne flights were carried out during two consecutive seasons; to compare the results of the remote sensing VI, the conventional and continuous water status indicators commonly used to manage sweet cherry tree irrigation were measured, including midday stem water potential (Ψs) and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS). Simple regression between individual VIs and Ψs or MDS found stronger relationships in postharvest than in preharvest. Thus, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), resulted in the strongest relationship with Ψs (r2 = 0.67) and MDS (r2 = 0.45), followed by the normalized difference red edge (NDRE). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimal soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) as the VI with the highest coefficient of variation in postharvest and the difference vegetation index (DVI) in preharvest. A new index is proposed, the transformed red range vegetation index (TRRVI), which was the only VI able to statistically identify a slight water deficit applied in preharvest. The combination of the VIs studied was used in two machine learning models, decision tree and artificial neural networks, to estimate the extra labor needed for harvesting and the sweet cherry yield.

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Soil measurements and wheat yield response to superphosphate in Victoria

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9750093 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (72) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

B Palmer ◽

VF McClelland ◽

R Jardine

Keyword(s):

Wheat Yield ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Yield Response ◽

Soil Test ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Yield Data ◽

Chemical Measurements ◽

Soil Measurements ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Available Phosphate

The relationships between soil tests for 'plant available' phosphate and wheat yield response to applied superphosphate were examined and the extent to which these relationships were modified by other soil measurements was determined. Soil samples and wheat yield data were obtained from experiments conducted in the Victorian wheat belt. The sites were grouped into four relatively uniform classes using soil pH measurement and geographic location. The soil test values differed widely and were accountable for by the soil characteristics measured. However, the overall and within group yield responses to applied superphosphate could not be accounted for in terms of either the soil test value or the associated chemical measurements. By inference, yield response was clearly dependent on factors other than those determining the results of soil tests.

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Assessing the Performance of the WOFOST Model in Simulating Jujube Fruit Tree Growth under Different Irrigation Regimes

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11051466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1466 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tiecheng Bai ◽

Nannan Zhang ◽

Youqi Chen ◽

Benoit Mercatoris

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Cropping System ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Area Index ◽

Jujube Fruit ◽

Irrigation Treatments

Cropping system models are widely employed to evaluate plant water requirements and growth situations. However, these models rarely focus on growth studies of perennial fruit trees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies) model in simulating jujube fruit tree growth under different irrigation treatments. The model was calibrated on data obtained from full irrigation treatments in 2016 and 2017. The model was validated on four deficit percentages (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) and one full irrigation treatment from 2016 to 2018. Calibrated R2 and RMSE values of simulated versus measured soil moisture content, excluding samples on the day of irrigation and first day after irrigation, reached 0.94 and 0.005 cm3 cm−3. The model reproduced growth dynamics of the total biomass and leaf area index, with a validated R2 = 0.967 and RMSE = 0.915 t ha−1, and R2 = 0.962 and RMSE = 0.160 m2 m−2, respectively. The model also showed good global performance, with R2 = 0.86 and RMSE = 0.51 t ha−1, as well as good local agreement (R2 ≥ 0.8 ) and prediction accuracy (RMSE ≤ 0.62 t ha−1) for each growth season. Furthermore, 90% of full irrigation can be recommended to achieve a balance between jujube yields and water savings (average decline ratio of yield ≤ 3.8%).

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A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056434 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Reid

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Yield Response ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Meadow Fescue ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Yield Data ◽

Wide Range ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

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Yield Response of Drip-Irrigated Onion under Full and Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water in Arid Regions of Tunisia

ISRN Agronomy ◽

10.5402/2012/562315 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Nagaz ◽

M. M. Masmoudi ◽

N. Ben Mechlia

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Saline Water ◽

Yield Response ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Use Efficiency

A two-year study was conducted in arid region of Tunisia to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation regimes with saline water on soil salinity, yield, and water use efficiency of onion grown in a commercial farm on a sandy soil and drip-irrigated with water having an of 3.6 dS/m. Irrigation treatments consisted in water replacements of accumulated at levels of 100% (SWB-100, full irrigation), 80% (DI-80), 60% (DI-60), when the readily available water in the control treatment (SWB-100) is depleted, deficit irrigation during ripening stage (SWB100-MDI60) and farmer method corresponding to irrigation practices implemented by the local farmers. Results on onion production and soil salinization are globally coherent between the two-year experiments and show significant difference between irrigation regimes. Higher soil salinity was maintained in the root zone with DI-60 and farmer treatments than full irrigation (SWB-100). SWB100-MDI60 and DI-80 treatments resulted also in low values. No significant differences were observed in bulbs fresh and dry yields, bulbs number·ha−1 and weight from the comparison between full irrigation (SWB-100) and deficit treatments (DI-80, SWB100-MDI60). DI-60 irrigation treatment caused significant reductions in the four parameters considered in comparison with SWB-100. The farmer method caused significant reductions in yield components and resulted in increase of water usage 45 and 33% in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Water use efficiency was found to vary significantly among treatments, where the highest and the lowest values were observed for DI-60 and farmer treatments, respectively. The full irrigation (SWB-100) and deficit irrigation (DI-80 and SWB100-MDI60) strategies were found to be a useful practice for scheduling onion irrigation with saline water under the arid Mediterranean conditions of southern Tunisia.

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Potential of Deficit Irrigation, Irrigation Cutoffs, and Crop Thinning to Maintain Yield and Fruit Quality with Less Water in Northern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11533-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 625-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khalid F. Almutairi ◽

David R. Bryla ◽

Bernadine C. Strik

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Stem Water Potential ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Northern Highbush Blueberry ◽

Stem Water

Drought and mandatory water restrictions are limiting the availability of irrigation water in many important blueberry growing regions, such as Oregon, Washington, and California. New strategies are needed to maintain yield and fruit quality with less water. To address the issue, three potential options for reducing water use, including deficit irrigation, irrigation cutoffs, and crop thinning, were evaluated for 2 years in a mature planting of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. ‘Elliott’). Treatments consisted of no thinning and 50% crop removal in combination with either full irrigation at 100% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), deficit irrigation at 50% ETc (applied for the entire growing season), or full irrigation with irrigation cutoff for 4–6 weeks during early (early- to late-green fruit) or late (fruit coloring to harvest) stages of fruit development. Stem water potential was similar with full and deficit irrigation but, regardless of crop thinning, declined by 0.5–0.6 MPa when irrigation was cutoff early and by >2.0 MPa when irrigation was cutoff late. In one or both years, the fruiting season was advanced with either deficit irrigation or late cutoff, whereas cutting off irrigation early delayed the season. Yield was unaffected by deficit irrigation in plants with a full crop load but was reduced by an average of 35% when irrigation was cutoff late each year. Cutting off irrigation early likewise reduced yield, but only in the 2nd year when the plants were not thinned; however, early cutoff also reduced fruit soluble solids and berry weight by 7% to 24% compared with full irrigation. Cutting off irrigation late produced the smallest and firmest fruit with the highest soluble solids and total acidity among the treatments, as well as the slowest rate of fruit loss in cold storage. Deficit irrigation had the least effect on fruit quality and, based on these results, appears to be the most viable option for maintaining yield with less water in northern highbush blueberry. Relative to full irrigation, the practice reduced water use by 2.5 ML·ha−1 per season.

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Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Water Use and Economic Benefit of Processing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in an Arid Environment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4234 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 926-930 ◽

pp. 4234-4237

Author(s):

Heng Jia Zhang ◽

Ai Cun Wen ◽

Ji Dong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Economic Benefit ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Irrigated Crops

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on water use and economic benefit of processing tomato in an arid environment. The results indicated that seasonal total irrigation water applied to processing tomato was significantly (p<0.05) saved by 14.3% to 42.9% under RDI compared to full irrigation. The irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of processing tomato was significantly improved with 32.4% and 57.2% in RDI plots respectively subjected to high and low water deficits at seedling as well as 26.1% in RDI plots subjected to low deficit at late fruiting compared with full irrigation, but no difference (p>0.05) occurred between fully irrigated crops and RDI plants subjected to water deficits at full fruiting as well as low deficit at late fruiting. However, in comparison with fully irrigated crops IWUE was significantly reduced with 20.5% and 22.2% in RDI plants both subjected to water deficits at flowering. Compared to full irrigation, the net income was significantly reduced with 11.3% to 45.3% in RDI plots except that subjected to low water deficit at seedling. Therefore, low water deficit RDI at seedling while full irrigation during flowering to late fruiting could be used to effectively reduce irrigation water application and improve IWUE of processing tomato without causing economic benefit reduction in arid areas.

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Evaluation of FAOAqua Crop model for wheat under different irrigation regimes

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i1.820 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 473-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Sarangi ◽

K. K. Bandyopadhyay ◽

A. Samal ◽

A. Pathan

Keyword(s):

Prediction Error ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Data Set ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Aquacrop Model ◽

Irrigation Treatments

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi during rabi seasons of 2010-11and 2011-12. Irrigation treatments include irrigation applied at 50% deficit (W1) and 25 % deficit (W2) and full irrigation (W3) under recommended fertilization levels with split doses of N-fertilizer. Fullirrigation treatment was based on irrigations to meet the soil moisture deficit up to the field capacity (FC) level and deficit irrigation treatments of 25% and 50% were imposed with respect to the full irrigation.The model was calibrated with experiment generated data sets of rabi 2010-11 and validated using the data set of rabi 2011-12. It was observed that the validated model performed well for grain yield prediction with absolute prediction error of 2.9%, 0.91% and 7.85% for full, 25% deficit and 50% deficit irrigation levels, respectively. Also, for prediction of biomass yield the prediction error ranged from 11.81% to 28.96% for all three irrigation treatments. Moreover, the validated model was observed to predict the water productivity with absolute prediction errors of 43.57%, 13.87% and 12.8% for full, 25% deficit and 50% deficit irrigation treatment levels, respectively. Nonetheless, it was observed from this study that the AquaCrop model can be used to simulate the grain and biomass yield for wheat crop with acceptable accuracy under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid enviroment.

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