scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression in Response to Lead Stress in Perennial Ryegrass

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Li ◽  
Hongji Luo ◽  
Deying Li ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
Jinmin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Time Courses

Lead pollution is an important issue in the world. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), as one of the widely used turfgrass and forage species, has a potential for bioremediation. The objective of this study was to investigate how antioxidant enzymes and their gene transcripts respond to Pb stress in perennial ryegrass. Ryegrass seedlings were subjected to 0, 0.5, and 3.2 mm of Pb(NO3)2 for 7 days in a hydroponic system maintained in a greenhouse. Both root and shoot growths were inhibited by Pb compared with the control. However, contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and total Chl were unaffected by Pb treatment. Results from this study showed a substantial increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf tissues when perennial ryegrass was exposed to Pb at 3.2 mm. The MDA content from plants in the 0.5 mm Pb treatment was lower than the control, indicating that an effective defense mechanism existed. Circumstantial evidence came also from the content of soluble protein in 0.5 mm Pb treatment, which was not different from the control. Furthermore, the activity of catalase (CAT) increased at 0.5 mm Pb compared with the control, indicating that CAT might play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression profiles of eight genes encoding antioxidative enzymes were upregulated within 24 hours of Pb treatment. In conclusion, antioxidant enzymes responded to Pb at an early stage of exposure and their gene expression profiles provided more details in time courses of the activation of those systems.

scholarly journals Impact of 70-Gene Signature Use on Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decisions in Patients With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancer: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (24) ◽  
pp. 2814-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kuijer ◽  
Marieke Straver ◽  
Bianca den Dekker ◽  
Annelotte C.M. van Bommel ◽  
Sjoerd G. Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Test Result

Purpose Gene-expression profiles increasingly are used in addition to conventional prognostic factors to guide adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) decisions. The Dutch guideline suggests use of validated gene-expression profiles in patients with estrogen receptor (ER) –positive, early-stage breast cancer without overt lymph node metastases. We aimed to assess the impact of a 70-gene signature (70-GS) test on CT decisions in patients with ER-positive, early-stage breast cancer. Patients and Methods In a prospective, observational, multicenter study in patients younger than 70 years old who had undergone surgery for ER-positive, early-stage breast cancer, physicians were asked whether they intended to administer adjuvant CT before deployment of the 70-GS test and after the test result was available. Results Between October 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015, 660 patients, treated in 33 hospitals, were enrolled. Fifty-one percent of patients had pT1cN0, BRII, HER2-Neu-negative breast cancer. On the basis of conventional clinicopathological characteristics, physicians recommended CT in 270 (41%) of the 660 patients and recommended withholding CT in 107 (16%) of the 660 patients. For the remaining 43% of patients, the physicians were unsure and unable to give advice before 70-GS testing. In patients for whom CT was initially recommended or not recommended, 56% and 59%, respectively, were assigned to a low-risk profile by the 70-GS (κ, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.11). After disclosure of the 70-GS test result, the preliminary advice was changed in 51% of patients who received a recommendation before testing; the definitive CT recommendation of the physician was in line with the 70-GS result in 96% of patients. Conclusion In this prospective, multicenter study in a selection of patients with ER-positive, early-stage breast cancer, 70-GS use changed the physician-intended recommendation to administer CT in half of the patients.

Gene Expression Profiles of Early Implant Adherent Cells in Smokers and Nonsmokers

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer Thalji ◽  
Lyndon F. Cooper ◽  
Salvador Nares
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on the early molecular events involved in peri-implant healing at either a micro-roughened or a micro-roughened with superimposed nanofeatures surface implant in humans. Twenty-one subjects, 10 smokers and 11 nonsmokers received 4 mini-implants (2.2 × 5.0 mm; 2 of each surface). After 3 and 7 days, paired mini-implants were retrieved by reverse threading and RNA isolated from implant adherent cells. Whole genome microarrays were used interrogate the gene expression profiles. The study failed to identify differences in the gene expression profiles of implant adherent cells at this early stage of osseointegration (up to day 7) comparing smoker and nonsmoker individuals.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles for Recurrence of Lymph Node-positive Primary Breast Cancer in Women Over 40 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Si Qian Ma ◽  
Luyi Ye ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Tiansheng Xu ◽  
Zai-Si Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ffpe Samples

Abstract Background: Specific gene expression profiles correlate with recurrence of breast cancer in lymph node-negative patients. In contrast, insufficient knowledge is available regarding tumor-specific gene expression in patients with lymph node metastasis before surgery. Furthermore, such patients experience cumulative incidences of relapse greater than 50%. Methods: Sections of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) were prepared from breast tumors of 37 patients who were followed for at least 5 years. FFPE samples of patients with recurrent ductal breast cancer (n = 25) and 12 FFPE samples of such patients without recurrence were subjected to microarray analysis to identify gene expression profiles specifically associated with positive lymph nodes confirmed during surgery that were accompanied by lymphocytic invasion. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) status of cancer tissues. All patients were administered tamoxifen after surgery, and this treatment continued for more than 5 years, or until cancer recurred. This strategy eliminated interactions between different therapeutics as potential confounding factors that influenced patients' outcomes.Results: Sixteen genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in patients with ER-positive (+) breast cancer with recurrence compared with those without recurrence. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identified 73 genes encoding olfactory receptors included in the “Olfactory transduction” pathway that were enriched in the ER+ recurrence group (FDR P < 0.05). The KEGG “Histidine metabolism” and “Retinol metabolism” pathways were enriched in patients with ER-negative (–) breast cancer with recurrence (FDR P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study is the first, to our knowledge, to identify 16 genes encoding proteins with diverse functions as well as 73 genes encoding olfactory receptors. These genes may serve as presurgical biomarkers for the recurrence of ER+ breast cancers with lymph node metastasis before surgery. These findings identify potential therapeutic targets for preventing cancer relapse, particularly after lymph nodes metastasis.

A genomic strategy to refine prognosis in early stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7026-7026
Author(s):  
D. H. Harpole ◽  
R. Petersen ◽  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
A. Bild ◽  
H. Dressman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence

7026 Background. Although stage-specific classification identifies appropriate populations for adjuvant chemotherapy, this is likely an imprecise predictor for the individual patient with early stage NSCLC. Methods. Using previously-described methodologies that employ DNA microarray data, multiple gene expression profiles (‘metagenes’) that predict risk of recurrence in patients with stage I disease were identified. This analysis used an initial ‘test’ cohort of patients with NSCLC (n = 89) that represented an equal mix of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Also, each histologic subset had equal number of patients who survived more than 5 years and those who died within 2.5 years of initial diagnosis. The performance of the metagene-based model generated on the training cohort was then evaluated in independent ‘validation’ sets, including two multi-center cooperative group studies (ACOSOG Z0030 and CALGB 9761). Importantly, the CALGB validation was performed in a blinded fashion. Results. Classification tree analyses that sample multiple gene expression profiles were used to develop a model of recurrence, termed the Lung Metagene Model, that accurately assesses prognosis (risk of recurrence and survival), performing significantly (p<0.001, odds ratio: 16.1, multivariate analysis) better than pathologic stage, T-size, nodal status, age, gender, histologic subtype and smoking history. The accuracy of prognosis using the Lung Metagene Model exceeded 90% (leave-one-out cross validation) in the initial training set (n = 89), 72% in the ACOSOG (n = 25), and 81% in the CALGB (n = 84) datasets. The prognostic accuracy was consistent across histologic subtypes and stages of NSCLC. Importantly, this provides an opportunity to re-classify stage IA patients to identify a subset of ‘high risk’ patients that may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Further, stage IB and II patients identified as ‘low risk’ for recurrence, and who present co-morbidities, could potentially be candidates for observation, and those patients predicted to be at ‘high risk’ may benefit from novel therapeutic trials. Conclusions. The Lung Metagene Model provides a mechanism to refine the estimation of an individual patient’s risk for disease recurrence and thus guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Genetic and cytokine profiles associated with symptomatic stage of CLL.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7062-7062
Author(s):  
Amit Balkrishna Agarwal ◽  
Laurence Cooke ◽  
Christopher Riley ◽  
David Mount ◽  
Daruka Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
High Stage ◽  
Cytokine Profiling

7062 Background: Pathogenesis of symptomatic CLL involves genetic changes associated with the CLL clone and changes within the microenvironment which contribute to chemo-resistance. To further understand these processes we compared early stage CLL to symptomatic late stage CLL using gene expression profiling as well as serum cytokine profiling for a better insight of the genetic and microenvironment changes associated with the most severe forms of the disease. Methods: We obtained pretreatment blood samples from CLL patients (10 low stage and 14 high stage) at the time of diagnosis. Patients were classified as low stage (Rai stage 0/I/II) and high stage (Rai stage III/IV). Gene expression profiles were obtained on a subset of patients using the HG-U133A 2.0 Affymetrix platform and analyzed for differential gene expression profiles. Serum from a subset of patients was used to perform cytokine profiling using the Raybiotech Cytokine Array platform (AAH-CYT-G1000) that allows for simultaneous measurement of >100 different cytokines. Results: Comparison of low versus high stage CLL revealed a set of 21 differentially expressed genes. 15 genes were up regulated in the high stage versus low stage, while 6 genes were down regulated. GO Molecular function analysis revealed that 9 of the 21 genes are involved in transcription factor activity. Other genes up regulated in the high stage group include CSNK1- shown to be involved in Myc derived oncogenesis and SETD8- a histone lysine methyltransferase previously implicated in several cancers. Serum cytokine profiles showed 6 cytokines to be significantly different in high stage patients. Two chemokines SDF-1/CXCL12 and uPAR known to be involved in stem cell mobilization and homing are increased in the serum of high stage patients. IGFBP-2, BMP-4 and MCP-4 were lower among high stage patients. Conclusions: Our study revealed a novel group of transcription factors are associated with higher stage CLL. Cytokine profiling showed increased levels of SDF-1/CXCL12, a chemokine that plays a key role in mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem and CLL cells in high stage patients. Our study identifies putative therapeutic targets including CSNK1, SDF-1 and SETD8 for patients with high stage CLL.

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