scholarly journals Balkan kao vremenska odrednica – Diskurs balkanizma u srpskoj arheologiji

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Staša Babić ◽  
Zorica Kuzmanović
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The idea of universal linear course of time is an important element of the basic framework of reference of the archaeological research into the past. However, even the fundamental theoretical premises of the discipline, such as the conceptualization of time, may be changed and differently interpreted, depending upon the social and cultural context of research. The history of archaeology in Serbia testifies that, contrary to the generally implicit linear course of time, the regional past is seen as a series of repetitions, stagnations and detours, implying the assumption of a different, a-historical course of time in the Balkans. This narrative is especially noticeable in the works dealing with the role of the Classical Greek-Roman civilization in the Balkan past. The ambivalence of the leading narratives in Serbian archaeology towards the presumed sources of the European culture corresponds to the images of the Balkans identified by M. Todorova as the discourse of Balkanism.

scholarly journals Repositioning the Role of Written Sources in Archaeological Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Zorica Kuzmanović
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
General Attitude ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

Contrary to the general attitude that the role of written sources in archaeological research marks the separation between two distinct fields of research – prehistorical and historical archaeology, the critical research into the history of the discipline points that the development of archaeology has not followed this pattern. Rather, the dominant role of the written sources in the study of classical past has been transferred onto the practices of prehistorical archaeology. Discussing the role of ancient sources in the research of the so-called "Illyrian question", this paper addresses the consequences of this dominant role of written sources in the archaeological study of the past and points to the ways in which the interpretation of the classical texts influenced the theoretical- methodological framework of research of the late prehistory of the Balkans.

The Role of Biography in Writing the History of Archaeology (1992)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Givens
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Influences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The history of any discipline involves the explanation of its past and how the past has influenced its development through time. Its ‘objects are events which have finished happening, and conditions no longer in existence. Only when they are no longer perceptible do they become objects of historical thought’ (Collingwood 1946: 233). Writing the history of archaeology involves the analysis of past events and of the contributions that individual archaeologists have made to its development through time. The roles of individuals in archaeology are best seen in biographical accounts of their labours and in the contributions to the discipline that they have made. In general, historians of archaeological science, who are interested in explaining the roles of the individuals in its development, must focus their attention on three important items. First, the most important item is evidence that something has occurred. If individuals’ contributions have no basis in truth and cannot be justified, then they are of no value to the historian of archaeology. Second, the historical picture of individuals’ lives and work must have defined boundaries in space and time. These provide the area of focus for study and description of individuals’ activities. Third, the efforts of individual practitioners must be couched within the intellectual climate in which they are made. Individuals’ contributions are not made in an intellectual vacuum, apart from collegial or institutional influences. Biography, as a tool for writing the history of archaeology, must embrace all of these requisites. For those engaged in explaining archaeology’s past, historical evidence of event and period provide the foundation upon which we can trace our science’s development. Studying and evaluating past work can be helpful in separating useful and outdated methodologies of the field and laboratory. Moreover, the study of the history of anthropology may give the anthropologist needed ‘distance from their own theoretical and methodological preoccupations’ (Darnell 1974: 2). What we see anthropology today as being is certainly not what the ultimate science of humankind will be in the future.

scholarly journals Social and Cultural Context Affecting the Activities of Women Painters of Pahlavi Era (1925-1978)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Azadeh Alipoor Heris ◽  
Abolghasem Dadvar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Different factors were affecting the presence of women during the Pahlavi era. In new structures after the constitutional period and along with the absolute modernism of Pahlavi, discourses changes were made based on democracy, socialism, Shia resistance and autonomy, court to government and political figures to people. During this period the role of women was formed on the basis of their social position and in their gender approach it changed from a <class in itself> to a <class for self>. The consequences of social contexts led to witness more active presence of women during Pahlavi era compared with the past periods particularly in the visual arts arena; so that the history of the Tehran galleries from 1953-1978 which reflects their activities during that time confirms this fact. The purpose of the present essay is to analyze the social contexts which have attracted women from margin to the center and attending to them since no study has been done in this respect seems essential and it’s an attempt to answer the question that what social contexts have been influential in boosting up the presence of women especially women painters of Pahlavi era? In this research the data collect is library type and filed study and it has been compiled in a comparative descriptive-analytic method, the origin and social contexts of the women painters of the Pahlavi era whose works were displayed were studied and analyzed and it can be inferred that the presence of supportive men in families, education, social context, urban life, publicizing the culture thanks to the cultural foundations and media, the actual and legal presence of the queen, government support due to cultural policies, women social movements, and the transformation of the women role in twentieth century had decisive role on enhancing the social position of women particularly the role of the women painters of the second Pahlavi era.

scholarly journals Modernization of Arts Education Paradigm by the Principle of Historical Continuity

Pedagogika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Vaidas Matonis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Arts Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
History Of

The purpose of the article is to show how the principle of historical continuity could be realized in order to make educational process more integral and purposeful. Research reveals relevance of historical continuity to the valuable forms of human’s spiritual activity. Main ideas which are developed in the article are based on the principles of the cultural policy elaborated by M. Lukšiene. The author of the article established a goal to evaluate art as a means to educate the sense and/or understanding of historical continuity, by the same token elevating perception of artworks to the metacognitive level and enlarging the field of historical and cultural contexts. Material of the investigation is laid by invoking the philosophical analysis of socio- and psychocultural phenomena and their impact on modernization of arts education. The role of the historical continuity and cultural awareness have activated during the last decades after the method of interpretation had intensified in valuable forms of human spiritual activity (moral, politics, aesthetics). So after such qualities of the works of art as depiction and/or craftsmanship had depreciated, the interpretation of the works of art and even the evaluation of interpretations sets in more and more robustly. In the presents of such or other contradictions the reform of European education has rippled by various different waves. As a result, the competence of democratic culture which enables the values, including artistic values, of democratic culture to implant to the attitudes of learners becomes the most essential orientation for teacher education. Development of democratic culture in EU defies such aspects of activity as knowledge and understanding of human rights, democratic participation and especially the development of competence for engaging in a meaningful and open - minded intercultural dialogue. Author is convinced that in order to realize and promote these ideas they should be accompanied by the development of the competence of dialogue with the past. Development of the competences of historical continuity and cultural context is increasing by mastering the ideas of great thinkers on education, including arts education, and helps to impersonate one of the most important domains of cultural heritage – educational potential of culture. In other words, historical continuity and cultural context are such core principles and values which can enable the development of the competence of full-rate intercultural dialogue. In case of arts education, when the paradigm of artistic thinking is rapidly changing, it is evident that an integrated history of artistic education should be developed. The main role of such academic course is not only to reveal cultural peculiarities of different countries but also to show the reasons of unequal educational power of different arts in different epochs. The role of historical continuity and cultural context is growing according to the development of digital technologies which are changing social conditions and possibilities of traditional artistic functions. Just the history of art and ideas of artistic education could balance both historical continuity of social artistic functions and involve learners into dialogue with the past.

scholarly journals SIRAH DALAM MENEGAK PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MENGIKUT PANDANGAN SYEIKH SAID RAMADAN AL-BUTI

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Nurul Salsabila Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Nazri Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Western Civilization ◽  
Islamic Society

The life of  Prophet Muhammad/ Sirah Rasullullah, SAW, (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is one of the written works of scholars to be featured as having played a major role in developing da'wah and Islamic Shari'ahs around the world from the past. The bond between Moslems and the prophet is strong so the Moslems can use sirah as a reference to strengthen faith, morals, foster the struggle of Islam and encourage the Muslim to hold on to the truth.  This study will highlight the role of the sirah in strengthening the social aspect of society and this will be seen based on the views of Sheikh Ramadan al-Buti. Content analysis is  used to analyze Fiqh as-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah. The data was analysed descriptively and explanatory. The findings show that the need for a sirah approach in the social aspect is high for the good of  social aspect itself. However, Syeikh Ramadan al-Buti has opened the opportunity so that the aspects of the sirah is applied to the social change of the Islamic society from time to time. The implications of the study show that the Prophet's sirah/life has succeeded in forming a good Islamic Government over the history of Western civilization. Sirah Rasulullah SAW merupakan salah satu karya penulisan ulama perlu diketengahkan kerana telah memainkan peranan yang besar dalam mengembangkan dakwah dan syariat Islam diseluruh dunia sejak dahulu lagi. Mempelajari sirah Nabi ini bukanlah semata-mata untuk mengetahui peristiwa menarik dan aneh yang berlaku di zaman Nabi SAW.Pengkajian sirah ini juga bukan sekadar ingin mengetahui peristiwa-peristiwa yang telah melakar sejarah sebagaimana kajian-kajian sejarah yang lain sebagai contoh sejarah hidup seorang khalifah atau sejarah tamadun yang silam. Sirah juga bukanlah sekadar satu kisah yang dibaca pada hari keputeraan baginda SAW sahaja. Apa yang lebih besar sebenarnya adalah ikatan seseorang Muslim dengan Rasulnya sehinggakan pada akhirnya Muslim itu berjaya menjadikan sirah sebagai sesuatu yang dapat menambahkan iman, memperelok akhlak, menyemarakkan perjuangan Islam serta dapat mendorong Muslim itu untuk terus berpegang dengan kebenaran dan seterusnya istiqamah kepadanya. Kajian ini akan mengetengahkan peranan sirah dalam mengukuhkan aspek sosial masyarakat dan perkara ini akan dilihat berdasarkan kepada pandangan Syeikh Ramadan al-Buti. Kaedah analisis kandungan akan digunakan dalam mengkaji kitab Fiqh as-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah bagi mendapatkan data. Data tersebut akan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan eksplanatori. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa keperluan pendekatan sirah dalam aspek sosial adalah tinggi bagi membentuk aspek sosial yang baik itu sendiri. Walau bagaimanapun, Syeikh Ramadan al-Buti telah membuka ruang sepenuhnya supaya aspek sirah diaplikasikan kedalam perubahan sosial masyarakat islam dari masa ke semasa. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa sirah Rasulullah telah berjaya membentuk satu Kerajaan Islam yang baik berbanding sejarah tamadun Barat yang musnah ekoran tiada sisa-sisa kemanusiaan yang dihidupkan.

Intransigent archaeology. An interview with Evžen Neustupný on his life in archaeology

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Martin Kuna
Keyword(s):  
Communist Regime ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human World ◽  
Post War

AbstractAn interview with Evžen Neustupný opens up a range of issues regarding the theory and history of archaeology and its development in Central Europe. His view of the discipline differs in many ways from that of current global trends. His ‘artefact archaeology’ inverts the concept of adaptation and highlights the role of artefacts in the creation of the human world. The interview also shows that post-war archaeology even to the east of the Iron Curtain followed the trajectory from culture-history paradigm to processualism and onwards. It also testifies to the situation in the social sciences under the Communist regime and the ambiguous role of Marxist philosophy.

scholarly journals Museum of the History of Kazan University and the Kazan University Nikolay Lobachevskii Scientific Library Experience in Cooperation in 2017–2019 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-904
Author(s):  
Farida Ravilevna Vagapova ◽  
Svetlana Anatolievna Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
State University ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The Museum is located in the heart of the main building of KFU. This room has changed its purpose many times: after the October revolution it was used as a gym, in wartime it was a hostel for evacuated employees of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, later it served as a reading room of the Scientific library. Lobachevsky. The opening of the Museum was dedicated to the 175th anniversary of Kazan state University in 1979. The Museum is dedicated to the two-century history of the emergence, formation and development of Kazan University – from Imperial to Federal. The main section of the exhibition tells about scientific schools, outstanding researchers and discoveries that brought the Kazan University and its scientists worldwide fame. Much attention is paid to the famous students and graduates of the University: statesmen, scientists, culture, literature and art, sports. Among them, S. T. Aksakov, N. And. Lobachevsky, I. M. Simonov, A. M. Butlerov, L. N. Tolstoy, V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin, E. K. Zavoisky, A. E. Arbuzov, and others. The exhibition shows the role of advanced scientists and democratically minded Kazan students in the social and political life of Russia XIX-early XX centuries.in each section of the exhibition you can see the relics of the past and the present, which witnessed many events in the history of the University and the country. In addition to the main exhibition, the Museum includes a memorial complex: the Imperial hall and lecture hall of the faculty of law with the interior of the late XIX – early XX centuries, where as a students listened to lectures L. Tolstoy, V. Ulyanov and others.The report is devoted to the areas of cooperation between the Museum of History of Kazan University and the KFU Nikolay Lobachevsky Scientific Library in 2017-2019 years such as exhibition, cultural and educational activities to preserve and promote the university’s heritage.

scholarly journals In Memory of Herzen. On the Margins of the Magazine “Russkoye Bogatstvo”

Literary Fact ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Stroganov
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Biographies ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper examines the history of the phrase “in memory of Herzen”, which became the title of a number of journalistic and poetic works. The origin of this formula and the reasons for its transfer from the days of memory (anniversaries of death) to the birthdays of A.I. Herzen are found out. The study of this story allows determining the historical significance of the article by the founder of this tradition, A.G. Gornfeld, whose legacy has not yet received an adequate assessment in the literary history. In the course of the study, the author clarifies and refines the literary biographies of other authors who also used this formula: the practically unknown “populist” poet S. Ivanov-Raikov and the “social democratic” publicist N.N. Kuzmin. The reconstruction allows seeing the real role of the article “In Memory of Herzen” by V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin, the value of which in the 1940 –1970s was unlawfully exaggerated, as a result of which the historical perspective in the study of many literary phenomena and, first of all, the assessment of A.I. Herzen’s activities were distorted. All this leads to an adequate interpretation of N. Korzhavin's poem dedicated to the topic, which for many generations has been the ideological key to describing the place of A.I. Herzen in the social and literary movement of the 19th century. At the end of the paper, it is concluded that the historical, cultural and literary heritage acquires significance only in the context of modernity, but politics and journalism seek to unfold the legacy of the past in their specific pragmatic interests, and even history seeks to see a lesson in the past, although addressing it not to a particular group of people, but to the modernity as a whole. Literature does not have such pragmatic interests, but it attracts modern human with the charm of the personality of past centuries, and that’s what makes its irreplaceable significance.

A new kind of radio: FM broadcasting in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswarup Sen
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structure Programming ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Structure

In 2001, India’s first private FM station – Radio City, Bangalore – came on air, ending an era of state broadcasting that began in 1930. In the past decade, FM radio has enjoyed spectacular success: over 200 stations are now in operation, and the FM industry has seen spectacular growth in listenership and revenues. FM’s impact goes beyond economics; it is now a cultural signifier synonymous with modernity – as the ‘tagline’ for a popular FM network puts it ‘Radio Mirchi – it’s hot!’ FM, I argue in this article, represents a new kind of radio. The shift from state-controlled, nationwide AM transmission to corporate-owned local FM broadcasting signals a profound change in the very philosophy of radio in India. This article offers a brief account of the history of Indian radio and analyzes the social and economic factors that necessitated a change in modes of broadcasting. It also brings its claims into focus through using a case study that looks at the business structure, programming policies, and audience management strategies of one very popular FM station – Radio Mirchi, Kolkata – in order to demonstrate how these newly shaped practices are reinventing the role of radio in contemporary India.

Objects of War

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Freed People

Historians have become increasingly interested in material culture as both a category of analysis and as a teaching tool. What new insights can historians gain about the past by thinking about things? A central object (and consequence) of modern warfare is the radical destruction and transformation of the material world. And yet we know little about the role of material culture in the history of war and forced displacement: objects carried in flight; objects stolen on battlefields; objects expropriated, reappropriated, and remembered. This book illuminates the ways in which people have used things to grapple with the social, cultural, and psychological upheavals wrought by war and forced displacement. Chapters consider theft and pillaging as strategies of conquest; soldiers' relationships with their weapons; and the use of clothing and domestic goods by prisoners of war, extermination camp inmates, freed people, and refugees to make claims and to create a kind of normalcy. While studies of migration and material culture have proliferated in recent years, as have histories of the Napoleonic, colonial, World Wars, and postcolonial wars, few have focused on the movement of people and things in times of war across two centuries. This focus, in combination with a broad temporal canvas, serves historians and others well as they seek to push beyond the written word.

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