scholarly journals CHANGES OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TOP-GRADE FLOUR (SEMOLINA) FROM DURUM WHEAT DURING ITS RIPENING

Food systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
T. S. Steinberg ◽  
E. P. Meleshkina ◽  
O. G. Shvedova ◽  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
N. S. Zhiltsova
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Color Characteristic ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
High Approximation ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Production Conditions

Using the rapid method of digital image analysis by the developed scanning flour analyzer the optical properties of flour (semolina) obtained in laboratory and production conditions from durum wheat of three years of harvest (2017–2019), namely the «yellowness» indicator and the color characteristic in the blue part of the spectrum, were determined. The semolina color was also evaluated by the Konica Minolta CR-410 colorimeter. It is established that the «yellowness» indicator and the color characteristic in the blue part of the spectrum did not change within the first 5 to 6 days after grinding. The change of these indicators for all the samples is observed in the period from 6 to 20 days after grinding, there with the «yellowness» indicator decreased by 25 to 40 relative units, the color characteristic in the blue part of the spectrum increased on average by 133,75 relative units. Over the next three months, there was no change of color (by both indicators). In the course of experimental work the optical properties change depending upon carotenoids content of flour (semolina) during its ripening was shown. The correlation dependence between the «yellowness» indicator of flour (semolina) and its carotenoids content is characterized by a high approximation coefficient. The dependence of the color characteristic of flour in the blue part of the spectrum on the content of carotenoids is characterized by an approximation coefficient equal to 0.9358, and is described as a polynomial equation. It shows, that with a low carotenoid content, the considered indicator is higher by an average of 1100 relative units compared to the color of samples with a carotenoid content from 0.70 to 1.21 mcg/g. At that during storage the optical properties of flour variety with the lowest carotenoids content remained practically the same. During 78 days of storage, there was no significant change of color characteristics of the industrial flour samples, studied from the eleventh day after grinding — 5–8 times higher than the average repeatability of the measurement results.

scholarly journals Influence of a Thermal Pad on Selected Parameters of Power LEDs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3732
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Górecki ◽  
Przemysław Ptak ◽  
Tomasz Torzewicz ◽  
Marcin Janicki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Cold Plate ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Forward Current ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Set Up

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the influence of thermal pads on electric, optical, and thermal parameters of power LEDs. Measurements of parameters, such as thermal resistance, optical efficiency, and optical power, were performed for selected types of power LEDs operating with a thermal pad and without it at different values of the diode forward current and temperature of the cold plate. First, the measurement set-up used in the paper is described in detail. Then, the measurement results obtained for both considered manners of power LED assembly are compared. Some characteristics that illustrate the influence of forward current and temperature of the cold plate on electric, thermal, and optical properties of the tested devices are presented and discussed. It is shown that the use of the thermal pad makes it possible to achieve more advantageous values of operating parameters of the considered semiconductor devices at lower values of their junction temperature, which guarantees an increase in their lifetime.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Optical Properties of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells with Varying GaN Cap Layer Thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Zongshun Liu ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Cap Layer ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Three InGaN/GaN MQWs samples with varying GaN cap layer thickness were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to investigate the optical properties. We found that a thicker cap layer is more effective in preventing the evaporation of the In composition in the InGaN quantum well layer. Furthermore, the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is enhanced with increasing the thickness of GaN cap layer. In addition, compared with the electroluminescence measurement results, we focus on the difference of localization states and defects in three samples induced by various cap thickness to explain the anomalies in room temperature photoluminescence measurements. We found that too thin GaN cap layer will exacerbates the inhomogeneity of localization states in InGaN QW layer, and too thick GaN cap layer will generate more defects in GaN cap layer.

scholarly journals The characteristics of the winter durum wheat varieties according to grain quality and pasta properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
N. S. Kravchenko ◽  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
I. M. Oldyreva ◽  
T. S. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Brittle Strength ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Study Results

The current paper has presented the study results of grain quality and pasta properties of the new and promising winter durum wheat varieties developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2016–2018. The purpose of the study was to evaluate winter durum wheat varieties according to such traits as grain quality and pasta properties to identify the best genotypes and recommend them for use in the breeding process and wider introduction into production. There have been identified the varieties “Yubilyarka” (96%), “Kristella” (94%), “Lakomka” (92%), “Diona” and “Yantarina” (91%) with maximum values of general hardness. All studied genotypes have formed the nature weight of grain corresponding to a first quality class (from 786–814 g/l). There have been identified the varieties “Kristella” (13.9%), “Donchanka” (13.8%), “Diona” (14.0%), “Yakhont” (14.0%), “Yubilyarka” (13.6%), “Yantarina” (13.7%), “Uslada” (13.6%), “Zoloto Dona” (13.6%), “Solntsedar” (13.9%) and “Almaz Dona” (13.5%) with protein percentage in grain corresponding to a first quality class. As a result of the study, it was found that all the studied varieties had good rheological properties of gluten and formed a DCI from 80 units (the variety “Eyrena”) to 102 units (the variety “Donchanka”) and belonged to the 2-nd group. The varieties “Diona”, “Eyrena”, “Yakhont”, “Yantarina” and “Solntsedar” had high rheological properties of dough. There have been identified the genotypes of the varieties “Donchanka” (613 μg/%), “Solntsedar” (626 μg/%) and “Almaz Dona” (630 μg/%) with the maximum concentration of carotenoid pigments, which could be used as sources to improve the trait “carotenoid content”. Throughout the years of study, the varieties were characterized by high indices of dry pasta color (4–5 points). According to a brittle strength of dry pasta there have been identified the varieties “Kristella” (775 g), “Donchanka” (774 g), “Diona” (757 g), “Yantarina” (782 g), “Solntsedar” (766 g) and “Dinas” (769 g) with the best indices of the trait. The varieties identified both by a single and by a set of traits characterizing grain quality of winter durum wheat and its final products, can be used in the breeding process as an adaptive initial material. The introduction of the best varieties into production will partly solve the problem of deficiency of high-quality durum wheat in the south of Russia.

Deinking evaluation using near infrared narrow band digital image analysis

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
ROLAND GONG ◽  
PAUL D. FLEMING ◽  
JOHN CAMERON ◽  
JAN PEKAROVIC
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Positive Results

The current deinking evaluation methods include visual image analysis (manual and digital) and optical reflectance (using the Kubelka-Munk equation). The mechanism of image analysis is simple: dark ink (mostly black) is isolated from the light background (fiber) and then captured visually or by digital devices. The image analysis methods have inherent limits, such as poor correlation with paper optical properties, and have large variances from sample to sample and side to side. In this paper, an innovative approach that employs a band of near infrared light and a digital imaging device was applied to address these limitations. This approach has advantages for isolating specks from backgrounds, obtaining high quality raw data, and significantly reducing the variances among the handsheets and their sides. By using the ink elimination equation derived from image analysis, reliable ink elimination rates were obtained that were well correlated with paper optical properties. This system was also applied to newspaper deinking evaluation with positive results.

Electronic Properties and Their Relations to Optical Properties in Rare Earth Doped III-V Semiconductors

1993 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Taguchi ◽  
Kenichiro Takahei ◽  
Jyoji Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Luminescence Spectra ◽  
Energy Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Relaxation Energy ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Electron Hole Pair ◽  
Er Doped

ABSTRACTWe discuss the energy transfer mechanism between rare-earth 4f-shells and III-V semiconductor hosts. For Yb-doped InP, we have proposed an excitation and relaxation model, which explains experimental results for the electronic and optical properties. The Yb 4f-shell is excited by a recombination of an electron and a hole at an electron trap formed by Yb, which is located near the bottom of the conduction band of InP. At high temperatures, the relaxation energy of the Yb 4f-shell is back transferred as a host electron-hole pair, resulting in Yb luminescence quenching. We have found that Er-doped GaAs samples grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition contain as much C as Er. Rutherford back scattering and electronic property measurement results suggested that most of the Er atoms form complexes with C atoms, and these complexes are not electrically active. Such samples showed complicated Er 4f-shell luminescence spectra. To obtain a simple Er luminescence spectrum with a high peak intensity, O was intentionally doped with Er. Er-O complexes seemed to be formed in GaAs and these are responsible for simple and strong 4f-shell luminescence.

The development of a PCR-based marker for PSY1 from Hordeum chilense, a candidate gene for carotenoid content accumulation in tritordeum seeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Atienza ◽  
C. M. Avila ◽  
A. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Yellow Pigment Content ◽  
Phytoene Synthase Gene

Hexaploid tritordeums are the amphiploids derived from the cross between the wild barley Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. Tritordeums are characterised by higher yellow pigment content in their seeds than their durum wheat progenitors due to certain H. chilense genes located on the α arm of chromosome 7Hch. In this work a candidate gene approach based on the phytoene synthase gene (PSY) was followed to investigate whether PSY1 may be responsible for the high carotenoid content in tritordeum and to develop a diagnostic marker for H. chilense PSY. This gene codes for the first step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. It was first demonstrated that PSY is duplicated in H. chilense, Triticum urartu, and durum wheat (PSY1 and PSY2), and subsequently a diagnostic cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) marker able to differentiate between H. chilense and durum wheat PSY1 was developed. Using this CAP marker and a set of H. chilense-common wheat addition lines it was found that PSY1 is located on the α arm of chromosome 7Hch, where the gene(s) for yellow pigment content are located. PSY1 is located on chromosomes 7A and 7B of durum wheat as demonstrated using Langdon substitution lines. Furthermore, synteny between rice and wheat indicates that PSY1 should be located on the long arms of chromosomes 7A and 7B, in agreement with QTL data for yellow pigment content. Together, these results suggest that PSY1 may be a good candidate gene for further work with yellow pigment content in both durum wheat and tritordeum. In addition, the diagnostic CAP marker developed will be used in our breeding program to transfer H. chilense genes to durum wheat, to evaluate their potential for durum wheat improvement.

Pyroreflectometry to Determine the True Temperature and Optical Properties of Surfaces

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hernandez ◽  
J. L. Sans ◽  
M. Pfänder
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
True Temperature ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Optical Fiber Probe ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Method Accuracy

In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis and experimental results of a pyrometric temperature measurement method based on a two-color pyroreflectometer (working wavelengths of 1.3μm and 1.55μm) equipped with an optical fiber probe. By measuring simultaneously the radiance temperature and the normal reflectivity, the true temperature of the measurement target can be determined without the previous knowledge of the optical properties of the sample. The method is based on the introduction and the definition of the diffusivity factor ηd and the assumption that it is equal for the two wavelengths. Besides the experimental results, the sources of errors and their impact on the method accuracy and the performance of the setup are discussed. The quality of the measurement results demonstrates the utility of the pyroreflectometry in a domain where fundamental parameters, such as the temperature and radiative properties, present the major measurement difficulties. The diffusivity factor appears not only a step to determine the true temperature but also as a parameter very useful to evaluate the diffusing behavior of opaque materials.

Evaluation of the metrological characteristics of a scanning flour analyzer in determining the optical properties of components by digital image analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
T.S. Shteinberg ◽  
◽  
O.V. Morozova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Image Method ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Traceability Chain ◽  
Group A

The results of evaluating the metrological characteristics of an experimental sample of a scanning flour analyzer when determining the optical properties of components along the traceability chain of the production of group A pasta by the digital image method with alternate replacement of standard flatbed scanners (imitation of several copies of a scanning analyzer in different laboratories) are presented.

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