Influence of Genotype × Location Interaction on Grain Sorghum Grain Chemistry and Digestibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Kaufman ◽  
J.D. Wilson ◽  
S.R. Bean ◽  
A.L. Galant ◽  
R.R. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Location Interaction

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

scholarly journals Effects of Field Processing of Sorghum Grain on Popping Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Mitchell Kent ◽  
William Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Rubber Belt ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Harvest Moisture ◽  
Quality Measurements

Interest in the use of popped sorghum in food products has resulted in a niche market for sorghum hybrids with high popping quality but little work has been done to assess the relative effects of field processing methods of grain on popping quality. This study evaluated the relative effects of harvest moisture and threshing methods on the popping quality of sorghum grain. A grain sorghum hybrid with good popping quality was produced during two different years in Texas wherein it was harvested at two moisture levels (low and high) and grain was removed from panicles using five different threshing methods (hand, rubber belt, metal brushes and two metal concave bar systems). Years, harvest moisture content and threshing method influenced all three popping quality measurements (popping efficacy, expansion ratio and flake size), but threshing method had an order of magnitude larger effect than either moisture level or year. While many of the interactions were significant, they did not influence the general trends observed. As such, the threshing methods with less direct impact force on the grain (hand and rubber belt) had higher popping quality than those samples threshed with greater impact force on the grain (metal-based systems). The popping quality differences between threshing system are likely due to a reduction in kernel integrity caused by the impacts to the kernel that occurred while threshing the grain. The results herein indicate that field processing of the grain, notably threshing method has significant impacts on the popping quality and should be taken into consideration when grain sorghum is harvested for popping purposes.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

scholarly journals Bioethanol from Sorghum Grain (Sorghum bicolor) with SSF Reaction Using Biocatalyst Co-Immobilization Method of Glucoamylase and Yeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah R. Dyartanti ◽  
Margono ◽  
Sunu H. Pranolo ◽  
Budi Setiani ◽  
Anni Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Immobilization Method

Sorghum — peanut crop sequences at Katherine, N.T.

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
LJ Phillips ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Crop Sequence

Between 1957-58 and 1960-61, a crop sequence experiment with grain sorghum and peanuts with and without nitrogen fertilizer was carried out on Tippera clay loam at Katherine, N.T. Neither crop was influenced by the crop grown two years before it. Peanuts showed no response to preceding crop or to nitrogen fertilizer. Sorghum grain yields were 77 per cent higher after peanuts than after sorghum, and sorghum stubble yields 56 per cent higher. Nitrogen fertilizer increased sorghum grain and stubble yield when the crop followed sorghum, but not when the crop followed peanuts. Nitrogen content of sorghum grain was higher after peanuts than after sorghum, and was also increased slightly by nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen yield of sorghum grain was almost twice as high in crops following peanuts than in crops following sorghum. Nitrogen fertilizer increased nitrogen yield of sorghum grain when the crop followed sorghum, but not when the crop followed peanuts.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
ALLAN HISASHI NAKAO ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO ◽  
ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO ◽  
DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sorghum Grain

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.

Finishing steers on high-grain rations. Effects of type of silage, level of urea, vitamin A and cobalt supplementation on body-weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass composition

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Morris ◽  
R. J. W. Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Sorghum Grain

1. A 23 factorial with a split-plot allocation of treatments was used to investigate the effects of silage type, (sweet v. grain sorghum); level of urea, (60ν. 120 g. per head per day); vitamin A,(0ν. 40,000 i.u. per head per day), and intraruminal cobalt oxide pellet on the performance of steers fed rations of 90% sorghum grain, 10% sorghum silage.

Production risks and water use benefits of summer crop production on the south coast of Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
D. Gaydon ◽  
D. J. M. Hall ◽  
A. Hills ◽  
S. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Summer Crop

Summer crops grown during the summer fallow in a Mediterranean-type climate have the potential to produce out-of-season biomass and grain, increase water use, and reduce deep drainage. The potential effects of growing grain sorghum on components of the water balance, sorghum biomass and grain production, and yield of subsequent wheat crops were investigated by simulation using APSIM and long-term climate data from the Esperance district. Sorghum was simulated as part of 3 systems: (1) as an opportunity crop following wheat harvest, (2) as a fallow replacement after pasture removal and before entering a cropping phase, or (3) as a fallow replacement after a failed or waterlogged winter crop. Simulations were conducted for the period 1957–2003 at Myrup (mean annual rainfall 576 mm), Scaddan (408 mm), and Salmon Gums (346 mm). Sorghum was assumed to have a similar rooting depth to wheat. In order to gain confidence in using APSIM for these investigations, tests were initially conducted against field data involving summer and winter crops in sequence and measurements of soil water dynamics. Data sets also varied in summer rainfall, species (forage sorghum, grain sorghum, Japanese millet), and soil type (deep sand, and medium and shallow duplex). Overall, the simulations showed that incorporation of a sorghum crop increased transpiration by 10–30 mm/year, made the soil profile drier by a similar amount at wheat sowing, and consequently reduced deep drainage by 3–25 mm/year, depending upon cropping system and location. Long-term average drainage results were dominated by large episodes in wet years. The increased transpiration from the summer crop, although reducing drainage in wet years, could not eliminate drainage. Following wheat yields were reduced by an average of 200–400 kg/ha, corresponding to a reduction of 10% at wetter and 30% at drier locations. In the 2 fallow replacement systems, sorghum biomass was produced in nearly every simulated season. However, averaged over all seasons, sorghum grain production was much less reliable comprising only 10–20% of biomass. In the opportunity system, sorghum produced biomass in only 1 in 3 seasons at Salmon Gums and Scaddan and 1 in 2 at Myrup. Grain was produced in 1 in 5 seasons at all 3 locations, underlining the riskiness of this opportunity niche for summer crops in the Esperance district. Although summer cropping was shown to result in modest reductions in deep drainage, it also comes at a cost to wheat production. The largest effects on drainage and most reliable biomass production were seen in the systems where the summer crop was grown following pasture removal or a failed (waterlogged) winter crop. This research has also shown that recent farmer and researcher experiences of summer cropping are likely to be more favourably biased towards prospects for summer cropping than indicated by long-term simulations because of their longer-term perspective.

Applying nitrogen to grain sorghum in central Queensland: residual value and effect of fallowing and tillage practice

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Armstrong ◽  
NV Halpin ◽  
K McCosker ◽  
J Standley ◽  
AT Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Sorghum Grain

In the northern cereal belt of Australia, farmers are reluctant to apply nitrogen (N) fertilizers because of a perception that if N is added to the soil and no crop is subsequently planted due to lack of rain, the N is 'lost'. An experiment was conducted on a cracking clay soil over three seasons to compare the response of grain sorghum to N applied to the current crop v. N applied the previous season which was then either planted or left fallow (to simulate a missed planting opportunity). Recovery of 15~-labelled fertilizer by the crop and that remaining in the soil were simultaneously determined in microplots. The effect of tillage practice [zero (ZT) and conventional (CT)] was also examined. Sorghum grain yield responded to fresh applications of N in 1993 and 1993194 but not 1992, reflecting the importance of timing of rainfall rather than the total amount received within the season. Applications of N to the current crop always improved yield more than equivalent amounts of N applied to the previous crop. Grain yields of plots that were previously fallowed (fallow-sorghum rotation) were higher than the combined yields of sorghum-sorghum rotations, although fallowing was an inefficient means of accumulating both water and mineral N. Recovery of applied 1 5 ~ by sorghum varied from 48% in 1992 to 36% in 1993 but was not related to the overall N responsiveness of the crop. Sorghum recovered a similar proportion of 1 5 ~ from plots which had been fertilized and then fallowed the previous year compared to fresh applications to the current crop, despite the fallow plots having less 1 5 ~ in them due to losses from the previous season. Losses of 1 5 ~ from the soil/plant system varied markedly with year and appeared to be related to the pattern of rainfall occurring and its possible effect on denitrification. Tillage practice did not affect grain yields or PAWC, had minimal effect on the amount of mineral N present, and little influence on the fertilizer N requirements of sorghum per se. This study suggests that there is only a small residual value to subsequent sorghum crops of fertilizer N if added initially to a successful crop. However, if N is applied pre-plant and the crop is not planted, for example due to lack of planting rain, a large proportion of this N can remain available to the following crop depending on the nature of the subsequent rainfall.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document