Evaluation of Perennial Glycine Species for Resistance to Soybean Fungal Pathogens That Cause Sclerotinia Stem Rot and Sudden Death Syndrome

Crop Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
M. E. Gardner ◽  
T. Hymowitz ◽  
G. C. Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Glycine Species

scholarly journals Characterizing the Effect of Foliar Lipo-chitooligosaccharide Application on Sudden Death Syndrome and Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Marburger ◽  
Jaime F. Willbur ◽  
Maria E. Weber ◽  
Jean-Michel Ané ◽  
Medhi Kabbage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Glycine Max L

Lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are signal molecules produced by plant root endosymbionts and have been identified, formulated, and marketed as growth-promoting adjuvants for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions to characterize the effects of foliar LCO applications on early symptom development of sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, and Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Treatment factors for the SDS experiment included two soybean cultivars (Sloan and CH2105R2), two inoculation levels (noninoculated control and inoculated), and two LCO applications (control and foliar LCO application), whereas two experimental soybean lines (91-38 and 91-44) and two LCO applications (water control and foliar LCO application) were used in the SSR experiment. The LCO application did not significantly influence SDS root symptom severity or early-season growth characteristics. However, on the susceptible line (P = 0.01) and with LCO application (P = 0.03), significantly larger SSR lesions developed compared with the nontreated control and resistant line. These results suggest foliar-applied LCOs have a limited effect on early root symptom development caused by F. virguliforme but increase stem symptom development caused by S. sclerotiorum.

scholarly journals The Harmfulness of Phoma Stem Canker, Sclerotinia Stem Rot, and Phytoplasma on Winter Oilseed Rape with Regard to Czech Breeding Programs

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Jana Poslušná ◽  
Eva Plachká ◽  
Jiří Horáček ◽  
Ivana Macháčková ◽  
Eliška Ondráčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker

New genotypes of winter oilseed rape bred under the Czech breeding program were subjected to performance tests within the framework of inter-institutional pre-tests. At four monitored localities in the Czech Republic, field trials were carried out on 50 genotypes in the years 2015 to 2017. In these trials, evaluations were made on infestation by the fungal pathogens Leptosphaeria maculans, Leptosphaeria biglobosa, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, as well as the level of infestation caused by phytoplasmas. The evaluation of new oilseed rape genotypes confirmed a medium to high level of resistance to phoma stem canker and Sclerotinia stem rot compared to the resistant reference varieties. The most severe infestations caused by Leptosphaeria spp. were observed in Chlumec nad Cidlinou in 2015 (mean severity score 22.38%) and in Opava in 2016 (mean severity score 20.72%). The same trend was observed for infestations caused by S. sclerotiorum, where the most damage to trial plots were observed at the same localities, in 2015 in Chlumec nad Cidlinou (mean severity score 36.85%) and in 2016 in Opava (mean severity score 18.84%). PCR determination of Leptosphaeria spp. showed that 98% of sampled leaves in autumn season showing symptoms were infected by L. maculans, while the remaining 2% were identified as bearing L. biglobosa. Molecular detection of infected parts of oilseed rape plants with symptoms of phyllody confirmed in all cases the presence of phytoplasma isolates from the 16SrI Aster Yellows group.

Diet, total plasma homocysteine concentrations and mortality rates in broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Elevated Plasma

The aim of this study was to determine if total plasma homocysteine (HCY) concentrations and mortality rates due to ascites syndrome and (AS) sudden death syndrome (SDS) in broiler chickens could be lowered by diet. Elevated plasma HCY is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans. A total of 828 day-old male broiler chickens (Arbor Acre) were fed, for 6 wk, either a basal practical diet or one supplemented with excess vitamins B6 and B12, folic acid and betaine to stimulate the degradation of HCY. The supplemented diet decreased plasma HCY by 17% (P < 0.05; n = 16 per diet). Total mortality due to AS and SDS was 18% lower in the supplemented diet but this difference was not statistically significant. Key words: Homocysteine, folate, chickens, cardiovascular disease, ascites, sudden death syndrome

scholarly journals Modeling first order additive × additive epistasis improves accuracy of genomic prediction for sclerotinia stem rot resistance in canola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Derbyshire ◽  
Yuphin Khentry ◽  
Anita Severn‐Ellis ◽  
Virginia Mwape ◽  
Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
First Order

MicroRNA319a regulates plant resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Dong ◽  
Wenqing Ren ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
He Yuke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract MicroRNA319a (miR319a) controls cell division arrest in plant leaves by inhibiting the expression of TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) family genes. However, it is unclear whether miR319a influences infections by necrotrophic pathogens and host susceptibility. In this study, we revealed that miR319a affected plant resistance to stem rot disease of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In the plants of Brassica rapa infected with S. sclerotiorum, miR319a levels increased while expression levels of several BraTCP genes significantly decreased compared with those of the uninfected plants. The overexpression of BraMIR319a in B. rapa increased the susceptibility of the plants to S. sclerotiorum and aggravated stem rot disease, whereas the overexpression of BraTCP4-1 promoted the plant resistance. Our RNA-sequencing data revealed a potential relationship between miR319a and pathogen-related WRKY genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter transaction assay showed that BraTCP4-1 was bound to the promoters of WRKY75, WRKY70, and WRKY33 genes and directly activated these pathogen-related genes. Moreover, the expression levels of WRKY75, WRKY70, and WRKY33 in the plants overexpressing BraMIR319a declined significantly whereas those of the plants overexpressing BraTCP4-1 increased significantly. These results suggest that miR319a and its targeted gene BraTCP4 regulate stem rot resistance through pathways of WRKY genes.

Prevalence of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Hind ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
South Wales

Surveys of petal infestation and stem infection conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 indicated that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum poses a threat to the Australian canola industry. Inoculum was present throughout all canola-growing regions of New South Wales and the stem disease was widespread throughout southern New South Wales. Percentage petal infestation increased over the 3 years surveyed with values ranging from 0 to 99.4%. The highest petal infestation values were observed in 2000 (maximum of 99.4%, mean of 82.2%), with lower mean values in 1998 (38.4%) and 1999 (49.6%). Stem infection ranged from 0 to 37.5% and most fields had less than 10% stem infection. Stem rot incidence before harvest did not relate to percentage petal infestation determined during flowering. This indicated that factors other than percentage petal infestation were important in influencing stem rot incidence. While there was no relationship between percentage petal infestation and stem rot incidence, stem infection never occurred without prior petal infestation.

scholarly journals The Genome Sequence of the Fungal Pathogen Fusarium virguliforme That Causes Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e81832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh K. Srivastava ◽  
Xiaoqiu Huang ◽  
Hargeet K. Brar ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury ◽  
Burton H. Bluhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme
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