scholarly journals Spring barley yield and nitrogen recovery after application of peat manure and pig slurry

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. MATTILA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The effectiveness of peat manure, manufactured of pig slurry and moderately humified Sphagnum peat (slurry:peat ca. 1:1.5 v/v), as nitrogen (N) source for spring barley was investigated in a four.year field experiment on a clay loam soil in south-western Finland. Pig slurry, NPK fertilizer and plain peat were used as references. Manures were incorporated before sowing or surface-applied after sowing in spring at an ammoniacal N rate of.54.106 kg.ha-1 with or without supplementary NPK fertilizer (40.kg N.ha-1). Soil moisture conditions were varied by different irrigation treatments. Peat manure produced 5.15% higher grain yields than pig slurry, with the largest difference after surface application. Incorporation was more important for slurry than for peat manure in increasing N uptake and yield. Soil moisture deficit in spring and early summer limited the availability of manure N. Part of the manure N that was not available in the early growing period was apparently taken up by the crop later. Consequently, N concentration tended to be higher with lower yields, and differences in the recovery of manure N were smaller than the differences in grain yield. Supplementation of manures with inorganic fertilizer N increased yield by 37%, on average, and improved the N recovery.;

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization, nitrogen in soil, and growth of barley after application of peat manure and pig slurry

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. MATTILA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Polypropylene Fabric ◽  
Loam Soil

Peat is added to manure, because its low pH and capacity to adsorb ammonia (NH3) give it potential to reduce nitrogen (N) loss. Peat manure was prepared by mixing pig slurry with moderately humified Sphagnum peat. Less than 1% of applied ammoniacal N was volatilized as NH3 from peat manure and pig slurry within 8 h of surface application on clay loam soil according to JTI method. Incorporated manures showed even smaller N loss. The low volatilization was due to the adsorption of manure ammoniacal N by peat, and the infiltration of slurry into harrowed, moist clay soil. In another experiment, peat manure was applied on polypropylene fabric without soil contact. Within the first 3 days there was only 9% reduction in the ammoniacal N of peat manure, but the major part of it was lost during several weeks of dry and warm weather. Peat manure did not cause any major improvements on the growth and N uptake of spring barley in spring and early summer as compared with slurry. Moisture deficit limited the availability of ammoniacal N of manures. As compared with surface application, incorporation of manures increased nitrification of ammonium in the soil, and dry matter mass (19–73%) and N uptake of barley. Supplementing manures with inorganic NPK fertilizer increased both dry matter mass (40–98%) and N concentration of barley stand.;

Evaluation of Presswheels and Seed Coverers for Direct Seeding of Brassica

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599E-600
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Determine Effect

Improved stand establishment of direct-seeded crops has usually involved seed treatment and/or seed covers. Planters have been evaluated for seed/plant spacing uniformity, singulation, furrow openers, and presswheel design; however, effects of presswheels and seed coverers on plant establishment have not been widely investigated. Five experiments were conducted in a fine sandy loam soil to determine effect of presswheels and seed coverers on emergence of direct-seeded cabbage and mustard. Seed were planted with Stanhay 870 seeder equipped with one of four presswheels and seed coverers. Presswheels included smooth, mesh, concave split, and flat split types. Seed coverers included standard drag, light drag, paired knives, and no coverer. Soil moisture at planting ranged from 8% to 19% in the top 5 cm of bed. Differences in plant counts taken 2 weeks after planting were minimal with any presswheel or seed coverer. Visual observation indicated the seed furrow was more completely closed with the knife coverer in high soil moisture conditions. All tests received at least 14 mm of precipitation within 6 days from planting, which may account for lack of differences in plant emergence.

Criteria for Scheduling the Irrigation of wheat

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Misra ◽  
P. C. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYA field experiment evaluating criteria for scheduling wheat irrigation was conducted from 1975 to 1977 in a sandy loam soil with treatments scheduled according to physiological stages, soil moisture conditions, pan evaporation and leaf water potential. Grain and straw yields, spikes/m, fertile spikelets/spike and number and weight of grains/spike were significantly influenced by treatments. Irrigation based on leaf water potential was as good as when based on physiological stages or soil moisture, and the use of pan evaporation was no better than other methods of scheduling.

scholarly journals Influence of different liming material on soil pH and spring barley yield under different soil moisture conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Drapanauskaitė ◽  
Kristina Bunevičienė ◽  
Romas Mažeika
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Liming of acid soils is one of the most effective and multipurpose ways to improve soil properties. Liming changes the agrochemical properties, nutrient content and uptake. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of different liming materials on soil pH and spring barley yield under different soil moisture conditions. A vegetation experiment was performed until full yield formation under two different soil moisture conditions: optimum 17–20% and excess 28–31%. Liming materials of different physical forms and chemical composition were used in the experiment: ground, crushed and granulated liming materials, which differed in their chemical composition. Ground liming material had the highest neutralizing value (52.2 ± 0.40%) and reactivity (99.5 ± 0.18%), and crushed liming material had the lowest reactivity (10.0 ± 0.23%) and the highest (10.33 ± 0.148) magnesium content. Liming with ground liming material was the most effective and fastest way to neutralize soil acidity. It increased the soil pH from 4.44 ± 0.191 to 6.17 ± 0.042 under optimum moisture conditions and from 4.46 ± 0.156 to 6.76 ± 0.537 under excess moisture conditions after 4 weeks of liming. When spring barley was grown to full yield, a significant increase in yield in both years was found by liming with granulated liming material ø 2–5 mm in both soil moisture conditions, and the highest mass of 1,000th grain was obtained in the treatments limed with granulated liming material with potassium additive.

Empirical model for mineralisation of manure nitrogen in soil

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sørensen ◽  
Ingrid K. Thomsen ◽  
Jaap J. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Net Mineralisation ◽  
Simple Empirical Model

A simple empirical model was developed for estimation of net mineralisation of pig and cattle slurry nitrogen (N) in arable soils under cool and moist climate conditions during the initial 5 years after spring application. The model is based on a Danish 3-year field experiment with measurements of N uptake in spring barley and ryegrass catch crops, supplemented with data from the literature on the temporal release of organic residues in soil. The model estimates a faster mineralisation rate for organic N in pig slurry compared with cattle slurry, and the description includes an initial N immobilisation phase for both manure types. The model estimates a cumulated net mineralisation of 71% and 51% of organic N in pig and cattle slurry respectively after 5 years. These estimates are in accordance with some other mineralisation studies and studies of the effects of manure residual N in other North European countries.

REGRESSIONS FOR ESTIMATING STRAW YIELDS AND N AND P CONTENTS OF SPRING WHEAT AND N MINERALIZATION IN A BROWN LOAM SOIL

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
R. P. ZENTNER ◽  
F. SELLES
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Data from an 18-yr crop rotation study carried out on a Brown loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, were used to estimate equations that relate spring wheat straw yields, and N and P content of grain and straw to moisture use (MU). Moisture use was defined as soil moisture content in 0- to 120-cm depth at seeding, less soil moisture content at harvest, plus growing season precipitation. Grain yields were also related to straw yields and to N content of the straw. Potential net N mineralization (Nmin) in summerfallow (periods during the growing season with negative Nmin omitted) was related (r = 0.74**) to precipitation received during the spring to fall period. An attempt to relate apparent net Nmin (determined by N balance) in cropped systems to growing season precipitation or to MU was not successful. Highly significant linear regressions were obtained for straw yields, grain N and P contents vs. MU, and for grain yield vs. straw yield (r = 0.66** – 0.83**), but the other relationships were less reliable (r = 0.41** – 0.55**) though still significant. We discussed how these relationships might be used to estimate fertilizer N requirements, for examining N immobilization-mineralization, and for estimating residue sufficiency for erosion control on summerfallowed land. Key words: Straw:grain ratio, N uptake, P uptake, crop residues, N mineralization

scholarly journals Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from the Concentrated Liquid Fraction of Pig Slurries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. L. Velthof ◽  
R. P. J. J. Rietra
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mineral N

Processed manure can be an alternative source of nutrients for untreated manure and mineral fertilizers. Mineral concentrates (MCs) are derived from reversed osmosis of the liquid fraction of separated pig slurries. The emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from different (processed) manures and fertilizers were tested in an incubation experiment and a greenhouse experiment with grass as a test crop. Dry matter yields and nitrogen (N) uptake were also determined in the greenhouse experiment. Incorporation into the soil decreased on NH3 emission but increased N2O emission for all nitrogen products (mineral fertilizer, untreated slurry, MC, and solid fraction of separated slurry). Incorporation of both MC, slurries, and mineral fertilizers increased N2O emission in the incubation experiment. The lowest apparent N recovery (ANR) in the pot experiment with grass was obtained for incorporated pig slurry (30–39%) and surface-applied MC (33–38%), while the highest ANRs were obtained for liquid ammonium nitrate (45–53%) and acidified MC (43–55%). It is concluded that MCs have a similar N fertilizer value as mineral N fertilizers if NH3 emission is reduced by incorporation or acidification.

Stemflow infiltration areas into forest soils around American beech trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Llorens ◽  
Jérôme Latron ◽  
Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses ◽  
Kerstin Näthe ◽  
Jeff L. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Moisture Conditions

<p>Despite the fact that stemflow is often a small percentage of precipitation, it is a concentrated flux of water, solutes, and particulates to near-trunk soils. As a consequence, per unit area, near-trunk soils receive water and nutrient inputs that largely exceed those received by soils in the distal zone via throughfall. This funnelling effect of trees can contribute to preferential flow and groundwater recharge and can have important biogeochemical implications. However, to evaluate the importance of this flux for near-trunk soils is necessary to quantify the magnitude of the stemflow infiltration area.</p><p>This study presents a stemflow simulation experiment with the objective of determining the stemflow infiltration area in near-trunk soils.  The experiment was conducted at the Fair Hill Natural Resources Management area in northeastern Maryland (USA). We selected four American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees with a DBH of ~29 cm, growing in a loam soil. Each tree was equipped with a collar, built with a tube with small holes, and installed around the tree. This tube was connected with a hose to a 36.5 L container positioned ~ 1 m above the collar. The hose had two stopcocks to regulate the water rate. Before starting the simulations, litterfall was removed.</p><p>A total of thirteen simulations were run with differing simulated stemflow rates (from 30 to 290 L/h) and differing initial soil moisture conditions (mean soil moisture from 25 to 43 m<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-3</sup>). Soil moisture was measured around the trees before each simulation with a TDR device. To further increase soil moisture between simulations, 40 L of water were carefully applied circumferentially around the trunk, at a maximum distance of 35 cm. Each simulation was performed with different colour dye tracer to enable accurate measurements of the stemflow infiltration area. After each simulation, the infiltration area was measured using a mesh grid of known area. At the end of the last simulations soil samples were taken around each tree.</p><p>The results show that in all cases the infiltration area is < 0.1 m<sup>2</sup>, with a mean value of about 0.03 m<sup>2</sup>. Likewise, there is a tendency to decrease the area of infiltration by increasing soil moisture. This trend seems to be modified for saturated conditions or when the stemflow rate is extreme. These small stemflow infiltration areas are explained by both the high infiltration rates of near-trunk soils in forests and the macroporosity produced by living or decaying roots. Moreover, these trees have slight buttressing that increase the perimeter of contact between the stem and the soil (with respect to the basal perimeter (calculated at breast height)), thus further promoting infiltration. Results suggest the importance of measuring the infiltration areas for different species and soil conditions to better evaluate the relevance of stemflow.</p>

Dietary manipulation as a means of decreasing N losses and methane emissions and improving herbage N uptake following application of pig slurry to grassland

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. MISSELBROOK ◽  
D. R. CHADWICK ◽  
B. F. PAIN ◽  
D. M. HEADON
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Commercial Diet

Slurry was collected from two groups of finishing pigs fed either a standard commercial diet (containing 205 g/kg crude protein (CP)) or a specially formulated lower CP content diet (140 g/kg CP). The slurries were surface applied to grass/clover plots on a freely draining soil in SW England in mid-March 1995 at three application rates: 25, 50 and 70 m3/ha. Measurements were made from the 50 m3/ha plots of ammonia volatilization, denitrification, nitrous oxide and methane emissions and nitrate leaching. Measurements of herbage yield and apparent N recovery (ANR) were made from all plots. Decreasing the CP content of the pigs' diet reduced N excretion by the pigs and also changed other characteristics of the slurry. Slurry from pigs fed the lower CP diet (the slurry referred to hereafter as LS) had a higher dry matter (DM) content, lower pH, lower total ammoniacal N (TAN), total N and VFA content with a similar total C content compared with slurry from pigs fed the standard commercial diet (the slurry hereafter referred to as CS). From the 50 m3/ha treated plots, losses by ammonia volatilization represented 38 and 58% of the applied TAN and net losses through denitrification represented 5·3 and 12% of the applied TAN for LS and CS respectively. Nitrous oxide emission was similar from the two slurries, with net emissions of c. 0·5% of the applied TAN. Methane emission was significantly less from LS. No nitrate leaching was detected either in spring or in the following autumn. Yield and ANR increased with increasing slurry application rate up to 50 m3/ha. The best% N recovery was from the 50 m3/ha application rate with 58 and 47% of the applied TAN being recovered from LS- and CS-treated plots respectively. Changes in the slurry characteristics due to the lower CP diet resulted in lower losses to the environment and an improved utilization of the slurry N by the herbage.

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