scholarly journals Effect of Cirsium arvense L. on soil physical properties and crop growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. REINTAM ◽  
K. TRÜKMANN ◽  
J. KUHT
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root System ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Shoot Mass

The re-cultivation of abandoned areas creates weed control problems. The main problems in these areas are perennial weeds, such as Cirsium arvense L. but this perennial deep-rooted plant may have a beneficial effect on the physical properties of compacted soil. In order to study the effect of C. arvense’s root system on soil properties, the field experiment and a survey of arable fields were conducted in Estonia. The soil bulk density and penetration resistance were measured from soils covered by C. arvense or spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on compacted and un-compacted soil. The results showed significantly lower penetration resistance and bulk density underneath C. arvense than under barley in both the field experiment and a field survey on arable soils. The shoot mass of C. arvense was less affected than the shoot mass of barley by soil compaction and was caused by C. arvense’s better ability to develop its root system in compacted soil. Wheat yield, on soils affected by C. arvense, was increased by 28% on loose soil and 37% on compacted soil. It may be concluded that in areas affected by deep-rooted weed species, such C. arvense, the soil’s physical properties will improve at least in the first two years.;

scholarly journals Effects of Tractorization and Organic Manure on Physical Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Abeokuta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
P.O.O. Dada ◽  
J.J. Musa ◽  
O.O. Olla ◽  
J.O. Ohu ◽  
J.K. Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil

Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the influence of incorporating organic materials and load application (tractorization) on the physical properties of sandy loamy soil in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Organic materials were cow dung, poultry and swine manure. Application rates of organic manures were 0 (control), 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare. Forty-five plots measuring 5 by 3 m were established in a complete randomized block experimental design with three replications making a total of 135 plots. Load application was done using an MF 435 tractor coupled with a 20-disc harrow at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes. Penetration resistance, bulk density, gravimetric moisture content andporosity were determined using standard procedures. Penetrometer resistance at these passes were 392.2, 293.3, 285.0, 302.0 and 224.9 kPa respectively with significant differences between treatments (P≤0.05). Mean bulk density for the passes were 1.21, 1.26, 1.31, 1.27 and 1.29 g/cm3 respectively and bulk density increased with tractor passes. The effect of tractor passes, and manure incorporation rate did not have any significant effect on gravimetric moisture content. Poultry manure increased bulk density and penetrometer resistance on plots than swine manure and cow dung hence poultry manure at 10 t/ha can be incorporated on a sandy loam soil to enhance soil fertility and sustainability. Keywords: Tractorization, organic manure, sandy loam, penetration resistance, bulk density

scholarly journals Post-Harvest Evaluation of Soil Physical Properties and Natural Regeneration Growth in Steep-Slope Terrains

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Sohrabi ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
Rodolfo Picchio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference

Protection of forest soils during harvesting operations is necessary to reduce damage and accelerate recovery time. The current study aims to evaluate soil physical properties, natural regeneration, and its recovery process in treatments including slope gradient, traffic intensity and skid trail after long periods of time, after ceasing the timber harvesting operations. The most recent skidding operations within each 5 years recovery period were studied for a chronosequence of 20 years. Soil samples were taken in abandoned skid trails and data were recorded on naturally regenerated species and density. The results revealed that most soil disturbances occurred on the slopes >20%, as well as the highest levels of traffic intensity. Bulk density and penetration resistance were still higher than the control area, with a significant difference between them, while total porosity was partially recovered. Twenty years after the skidding operation, soil bulk density and penetration resistance were 13.2% and 23.7% higher than the control area, while total porosity was 9.78% lower the than value of the control area. Seedlings of 50–150 cm and >150 cm in height on skid trails had significantly lower density than those in the control. The number of seedlings per m2 was less than the control area in all skid trails and for all height classes. The proportion of seedlings present in low traffic intensity was higher than in medium and high traffic intensities. The findings confirmed that full recovery rates are lengthy, and more time than 20 years is required to fully recover, especially with regards to penetration resistance.

Spatial heterogeneity of physical properties of the soils in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev ◽  
I. Plysko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Equilibrium Condition ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Regular Network ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
Experimental Plots

Aim. To investigate structural composition (lumpiness), bulk density and penetration resistance in soils of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Steppe. Methods. The experimental plots were allocated on the fi elds in a regular network. The measurements performed before harvesting testifi ed to an equilibrium condition of soil physi- cal properties. The data ware processed by the geostatistical method. Results. The key parameters of spatial heterogeneity (variation factors, histograms, autocorrelation function, variogrammes, 2-D and 3-D diagrams, etc.) were received. The heterogeneity of physical properties, revealed in all soils, is characterized by moderate and increased values. As a result the investigated fi elds were divided into three agrotechnological groups by qualitative parameters of their physical properties. Conclusions. The recommendations on pre-sowing or basic tillage of various intensity – without tillage (if parameters are close to the requirements of the sown culture), with moderate tillage of zone type (if parameters are close to modal values) and with tillage of the enhanced intensity (if parameters are unsatisfactory and more intensive pre-sowing tillage is required) were formulated for each group.

Temporal influence of fly ash on select soil physical properties

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Salé ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
M. A. Naeth
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Over Time

Fly ash, as a source of calcium, has potential for soil structure amendment. This potential was tested by examining the influence of fly ash on select soil physical properties of an easily clodded clay loam soil. Fly ash:soil mixtures were varied from 0 to 100% (vol/vol). Pots of these mixtures were placed into the soil of a reclaimed surface mine and sampled four times during a 15.5-mo period: upon mixing, after one summer, after one summer and a winter and after the second summer. Bulk density, dry aggregate size distribution, penetration resistance (PR) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were assessed on soils within the pots.Adding fly ash up to 25 to 50% generally increased bulk density; adding more decreased it. Bulk density decreased over time for most of the treatments. Adding 12.5 or 25% fly ash produced the greatest percentage of aggregates within the ideal range (0.5 to 4.0 mm). Blunt-end PR was a more sensitive parameter than cone resistance. Adding 25% fly ash resulted in lower MOR while maintaining a desirable level of aggregation, thus reducing cloddiness. In general most properties varied over time, indicating the need to consider the dynamic nature of them in reclamation. Key words: Fly ash, soil reclamation, bulk density, penetration resistance, particle size distribution

Soil compaction effects on soil bulk density and penetration resistance and growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enola Reintam ◽  
Katrin Trükmann ◽  
Jaan Kuht ◽  
Edvin Nugis ◽  
Liina Edesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density

scholarly journals Physical properties of a soil under a pig slurry application and organic matter activators

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Václav Novák ◽  
Petr Šařec ◽  
Kateřina Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Equal Dose ◽  
Positive Effect

To investigate the effects of organic matter activators combined with a pig slurry on a soil’s physical properties, a field experiment was carried out in a monoculture of corn (2015–2017). Three pig slurry application variants complemented with the activators in question, i.e. with PRP SOL spread directly on the soil surface (SOL), with Z’fix added to the slurry during the pig housing (ZF) and with a combination of both PRP SOL and Z’fix (ZF_SOL), were compared with just the pig slurry (C) under an equal dose of nitrogen and a uniform growing technology. According to the results, a positive effect of the penetration resistance with the pig slurry and the activators of organic matter (Z’fix and PRP SOL) was not proven. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was demonstrably better achieved with the Z’fix activator, but PRP SOL activator also provided a certain improvement. The largest change in the unit draught was observed in the ZF_SOL application (20% increase). The results seem ambiguous; however, they give a good indication of the activators’ effect in practice. Nevertheless, the findings would certainly benefit from further verification.

Soil physical properties of a Chernozemic clay loam after 24 years of beef cattle manure application

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Miller ◽  
N J Sweetland ◽  
C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Limited information exists on the influence of long-term application of beef cattle manure on soil physical properties in the Canadian prairies. A site on a clay loam soil (Dark Brown Chernozem) at Lethbridge was used to determine the effect of increased rates of manure application on selected soil physical properties in 1997 and 1998. The manure (from an unpaved feedlot) was applied annually in the fall for 24 yr at one, two and three times the 1973 recommended rates under dryland (0, 30, 60, 90 Mg ha-1 wet basis) and irrigation (0, 60, 120, 180 Mg ha-1). There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the sand content of soil (0–10, 10–20 cm) with increased rates of manure application; and an increase in clay content for the 60 and 120 Mg ha-1 rates compared to the control under irrigation. There was a significant and negative linear relationship between increased rates of manure application and bulk density (0–5, 10–15 cm) for most seasons, and season affected bulk density values for a given manure rate. Penetration resistance (0–14 cm) was unaffected by increased rates of manure application under dryland. Under irrigation, it was significantly reduced at only the 3.5 cm and 10.5 cm depths in 1997, and at only the 3.5 cm depth in 1998. Air permeability was generally unaffected by increased rates of manure application, except for the 0–5 cm depth under irrigation, where it was significantly lowered at the highest application rate. Soil temperatures (0, 10, 20 cm) were lower under increased rates of marnure application at the 10 and 20 cm depths in the spring and summer under dryland, and they were higher at these two depths in the winter. Under irrigation, soil temperatures were lower with increased rates of manure application at the 20-cm depth in the spring, and they were higher at the 20-cm depth in the fall, and at the 0- and 20-cm depths in the winter. Overall, soil physical properties generally had a neutral or positive response to 24 yr of annual manure application at high rates, and should not cause any detrimental effects to the soil's physical condition. Key words: Manure rate, physical properties, bulk density, penetration resistance, air permeability, temperature

scholarly journals Physical properties of a rhodic haplustox under two sugarcane harvesting systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walquíria Machado ◽  
Tiago Santos Telles ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Grace Bungenstab Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Harvesting Systems

This study had the purpose of evaluating the effects of two management types of sugarcane: harvesting of burnt cane (BCH) and mechanized harvesting of unburnt green cane (MCH), on some soil physical properties of a dystrophic Rhodic Haplustox. The data were then compared with results for the same soil type under native forest. A completely randomized design was used, with three treatments and 20 replications. The following characteristics were determined: organic matter, aggregate stability, soil bulk density, and porosity at depths of 0-0.20 m and soil penetration resistance. After 15 years of cultivation, there were some alterations in the soil under cane burnt before harvesting, evidenced by a drop in the weighted average diameter of stable aggregates in water and increased soil bulk density. Significant changes were also detected in total porosity and pore distribution under both harvesting systems. Critical values for penetration resistance were observed in the area under mechanized sugar cane harvesting, with a value of 4.5 MPa in the 40-55 cm layer. This value is considered high and could indicate compaction and restriction of root growth. Soil properties under the green cane (unburned) management system were closest to those of the soil under native forest.

scholarly journals Effect of Moldboard Plow Types on Soil Physical Properties Under Different Soil Moisture Content and Tractor Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Aqeel J. Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Moldboard Plow

An experiment was conducted in fields of Agriculture college, University  of Basrah. The experiment was designed with split-spilt plots in Complete Randomized Blocks Design Treatments included three types of moldboard plows: helical,  semi digger and general –purpose, three soil moisture content levels (10.23,16.47 and 24.68%), and four tractor speed of 0.41, 0.56, 0.86 and 1.21 m sec -1  . The soil  physical properties were determined after plowing soil by using three types of moldboard plow. The results showed that there was significant effect of moldboard plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed on soil physical properties including bulk density, soil porosity, soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratio. Results also indicated that the effect of interaction among plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed was significantly on soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratios while it had not significantly effect on bulk density, soil porosity. In general, soil physical properties, had been improved when using high tractor speed and moderate soil moisture content whereas optimal operation was obtained when using general-purpose plow type and  high tractor speed of 1.12 m sec -1 and soil moisture content of 16.47% where this combination gives low bulk density (0.96Mg m-3), high soil porosity (63.90%) high soil pulverization ratio (74%) and low soil penetration resistance (623.47 kN m-2).

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