Happiness and Growth the World Over: Time Series Evidence on the Happiness-Income Paradox

Abstract Numerous agencies around the world perform postseason analysis of tropical cyclone position and intensity, a process described as “best tracking.” However, this process is temporally and spatially inhomogeneous because data availability, operational techniques, and knowledge have changed over time and differ among agencies. The net result is that positions and intensities often vary for any given storm for different agencies. In light of these differences, it is imperative to analyze and document the interagency differences in tropical cyclone intensities. To that end, maximum sustained winds from different agencies were compared using data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) global tropical cyclone dataset. Comparisons were made for a recent 5-yr period to investigate the current differences, where linear systematic differences were evident. Time series of the comparisons also showed temporal changes in the systematic differences, which suggest changes in operational procedures. Initial attempts were made to normalize maximum sustained winds by correcting for known changes in operational procedures. The result was mixed, in that the adjustments removed some but not all of the systematic differences. This suggests that more details on operational procedures are needed and that a complete reanalysis of tropical cyclone intensities should be performed.

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Visualizing Omicron: COVID-19 Deaths vs. Cases Over Time

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1257935/v2 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ramy Arnaout ◽

Rima Arnaout

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Time Series ◽

Starting Point ◽

The World ◽

Report Data ◽

Over Time

Abstract For most of the COVID-19 pandemic, the daily focus has been on the number of cases, and secondarily, deaths. The most recent wave is caused by the omicron variant, first identified at the end of 2021 and the dominant variant through the first part of 2022. South Africa, one of the first countries to experience and report data regarding omicron, reported far fewer deaths, even as the number of reported cases rapidly eclipsed previous peaks. However, as more countries report on omicron, there remains uncertainty as to how it compares to prior waves. To more readily visualize the dynamics of cases and deaths, it is natural to plot deaths per million against cases per million. Unlike the time-series plots of cases or deaths that have become daily features of news outlets during the pandemic, which have time as the x-axis, in a plot of deaths vs. cases, time is implicit, and is indicated in relation to the starting point. Here we present and briefly examine such plots from a number of countries and from the world as a whole, illustrating how they summarize features of the pandemic in ways that are harder to extract from time series. These plots suggest that in most places, the omicron wave is very different from those that came before. Code for generating these plots for any country is provided on GitHub (https://github.com/rarnaout/Covidcycles).

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Visualizing Omicron: COVID-19 Deaths vs. Cases Over Time

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1257935/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ramy Arnaout ◽

Rima Arnaout

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Time Series ◽

Starting Point ◽

The World ◽

Report Data ◽

Over Time

Abstract For most of the COVID-19 pandemic, the daily focus has been on the number of cases, and secondarily, deaths. The most recent wave is caused by the omicron variant, first identified at the end of 2021 and the dominant variant through the first part of 2022. South Africa, one of the first countries to experience and report data regarding omicron, reported far fewer deaths, even as the number of reported cases rapidly eclipsed previous peaks. However, as more countries report on omicron, there remains uncertainty as to how it compares to prior waves. To more readily visualize the dynamics of cases and deaths, it is natural to plot deaths per million against cases per million. Unlike the time-series plots of cases or deaths that have become daily features of news outlets during the pandemic, which have time as the x-axis, in a plot of deaths vs. cases, time is implicit, and is indicated in relation to the starting point. Here we present and briefly examine such plots from a number of countries and from the world as a whole, illustrating how they summarize features of the pandemic in ways that are harder to extract from time series. These plots suggest that in most places, the omicron wave is very different from those that came before. Code for generating these plots for any country is provided on GitHub (https://github.com/rarnaout/Covidcycles).

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Learning future terrorist targets through temporal meta-graphs

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87709-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gian Maria Campedelli ◽

Mihovil Bartulovic ◽

Kathleen M. Carley

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Strategic Behavior ◽

Feature Space ◽

Future Research ◽

Real World Data ◽

Forecasting Performance ◽

Humanitarian Crises ◽

The World ◽

Temporal Sequences ◽

Over Time

AbstractIn the last 20 years, terrorism has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and massive economic, political, and humanitarian crises in several regions of the world. Using real-world data on attacks occurred in Afghanistan and Iraq from 2001 to 2018, we propose the use of temporal meta-graphs and deep learning to forecast future terrorist targets. Focusing on three event dimensions, i.e., employed weapons, deployed tactics and chosen targets, meta-graphs map the connections among temporally close attacks, capturing their operational similarities and dependencies. From these temporal meta-graphs, we derive 2-day-based time series that measure the centrality of each feature within each dimension over time. Formulating the problem in the context of the strategic behavior of terrorist actors, these multivariate temporal sequences are then utilized to learn what target types are at the highest risk of being chosen. The paper makes two contributions. First, it demonstrates that engineering the feature space via temporal meta-graphs produces richer knowledge than shallow time-series that only rely on frequency of feature occurrences. Second, the performed experiments reveal that bi-directional LSTM networks achieve superior forecasting performance compared to other algorithms, calling for future research aiming at fully discovering the potential of artificial intelligence to counter terrorist violence.

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PORT WINE, BRAZIL AND THE WORLD ECONOMY: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS FROM 1756 TO BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE

Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0212610916000203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 275-300

Author(s):

Paulo Reis Mourão

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Error Correction ◽

World Economy ◽

Structural Break ◽

Port Wine ◽

Error Correction Models ◽

The World ◽

Analyse Data ◽

Over Time

AbstractThe Douro Wine Company was one of the most emblematic mercantilist companies promoted by the Marquis of Pombal. It was established in 1756 and has played an unquestionably important role in the Port wine market since then. Port wine exports to Brazil were significantly lower than exports to England over time. Generally, the oscillation of Port wine exports to Brazil has been explained by particular episodes in the Douro Wine Company’s business. Employing structural break analysis and vector of error correction models to analyse data between 1756 and 1826, we concluded that Port wine exports to Brazil were robustly explained by the monetary dimensions of the world economy of the time.

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Globalization and interconfessional communications

Ukrainian Religious Studies ◽

10.32420/2001.20.1176 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Global Economy ◽

Modern World ◽

The World ◽

Target Set ◽

Almost All ◽

Over Time ◽

Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

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The Values and Norms of Islam

The Journal of Rotterdam Islamic and Social Sciences ◽

10.2478/jriss-2013-0008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Ahmed Akgunduz

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Legal Theory ◽

The Other ◽

Moral Norms ◽

Simple Fact ◽

Value System ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Islamic Legal Theory ◽

The World ◽

Over Time

AbstractIslamic Law is one of the broadest and most comprehensive systems of legislation in the world. It was applied, through various schools of thought, from one end of the Muslim world to the other. It also had a great impact on other nations and cultures. We will focus in this article on values and norms in Islamic law. The value system of Islam is immutable and does not tolerate change over time for the simple fact that human nature does not change. The basic values and needs (which can be called maṣlaḥa) are classified hierarchically into three levels: (1) necessities (Ḍarūriyyāt), (2) convenience (Ḥājiyyāt), and (3) refinements (Kamāliyyāt=Taḥsīniyyāt). In Islamic legal theory (Uṣūl al‐fiqh) the general aim of legislation is to realize values through protecting and guaranteeing their necessities (al-Ḍarūriyyāt) as well as stressing their importance (al‐ Ḥājiyyāt) and their refinements (taḥsīniyyāt).In the second part of this article we will draw attention to Islamic norms. Islam has paid great attention to norms that protect basic values. We cannot explain all the Islamic norms that relate to basic values, but we will classify them categorically. We will focus on four kinds of norms: 1) norms (rules) concerned with belief (I’tiqādiyyāt), 2) norms (rules) concerned with law (ʿAmaliyyāt); 3) general legal norms (Qawā‘id al‐ Kulliyya al‐Fiqhiyya); 4) norms (rules) concerned with ethics (Wijdāniyyāt = Aḵlāqiyyāt = Ādāb = social and moral norms).

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Use of Phosphatidylcholine in the Treatment of Localized Fat Deposits. Results and expectations

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.7.5691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 1438-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sorin Berbece ◽

Dan Iliescu ◽

Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽

Alexandru Nicolau ◽

Radu Cristian Jecan

Keyword(s):

World Health Organisation ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Basic Substance ◽

Physical Exercises ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

The World ◽

The Common ◽

Global Health Problem ◽

Over Time

Obesity represents a global health problem. According to the latest studies released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1.7 billion currently in excess of normal weight individuals, of which approx. 75% are overweight (body mass index - BMI 25 to 30). The common form of excess adipose tissue manifestation in overweight individuals is localized fat deposits with high (abdominal) or low (buttocks and thighs) disposition. Although the overweight can be corrected relatively easy by changing behavioral habits or food, a constant physical exercises program or following a diet food are not accessible to all through the efforts of will, financial and time involved. Several methods have been studied and tested over time to eliminate more or less invasive fat deposits with varying efficacy and adverse effects. Chemical lipolysis using phosphatidylcholine as the basic substance was initially used in hypercholesterolemia and its complications and was rapidly adopted in mesotherapy techniques for the treatment of fat deposits. This study reveals the results obtained using Dermastabilon on a sample of 16 patients, the time allocated to treatment and discomfort being minimal, and rapid and notable results. There were no side effects.

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The Staging of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants - A “Modular” Approach

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0482 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (4-5) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

H. Fleckseder ◽

L. Prendl ◽

H. Meulenbroek

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Driving Force ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Aeration Tank ◽

Modular Approach ◽

Central European ◽

Plant Hydraulics ◽

The World ◽

Whole Life Cycle ◽

Over Time

The primary driving force for re-investments in wastewater treatment plants in Austria - and also other countries in Central Europe - is at present not an increase in load to treatment but a marked increase in effluent requirements to be fulfilled. (The re-investments necessary for sludge handling and treatment remain outside this paper.) Within a period of 20 years, the load specific requirements on aeration tank volume rose five- to tenfold, when Lv = 2.0 kg BOD5/(m3d) was the starting value, and roughly doubled for final clarifiers. In addition, the importance of the application and expansion of primary sedimentation decreased as well. This development over time in Central European countries as well as the need to utilize previous investments as long as possible - 35 to 60 years for civil works are common as periods of depreciation - indicate that investments in new plant at any location in the world have to consider the possible whole life cycle of a plant and that plant hydraulics becomes the “key hook” for expandability.

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TIME THROUGH TIME: ITS EVOLUTION THROUGH WESTERN PHILOSOPHY IN SEVEN IDEAS

Think ◽

10.1017/s1477175621000038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (58) ◽

pp. 23-38

Author(s):

Emily Thomas

Keyword(s):

Western Philosophy ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACTWhat is time? Just like everything else in the world, our understanding of time has changed continually over time. This article tracks this question through the history of Western philosophy and looks at major answers from the likes of Aristotle, Kant, and McTaggart.

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