Between Competition and Cooperation: The Relationship between Meta-Regulator and Private Regulators in Food Safety

This introductory chapter focuses on the collective contribution of progressive social movements to Indonesia's transition to democracy and their collective fate in the decades since. This sets the scene for the case studies to follow. It also explains how the relationship between social movements and democratization is understood in this context. Social movements consist of networks involving a diverse range of actors, including individuals, groups, or organizations that may be loosely connected or tightly clustered. Democratization, meanwhile, is a process through which a polity moves toward “a system of governance in which rulers are held accountable for their actions in the public realm by citizens, acting indirectly through the competition and cooperation of their elected representatives.”

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Riding a Line: Competition and Cooperation in the Sport of Bicycle Racing

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.8.4.341 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 341-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Edward Albert

Keyword(s):

Social Order ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Interview Data ◽

Competition And Cooperation ◽

The Social ◽

Bicycle Racing ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

The Relationship ◽

Individual Effort ◽

Formal Rules

The subculture of bicycle racing provides a situation in which the relationship between formal rules and dominant sport ideologies, and the taken-for-granted informal structures produced by athletes during competition, may be observed. Ethnographic and interview data suggest that such structures as pelotons and pacelines create both the opportunity for and the requirement of cooperative efforts between opponents, standing in stark contrast to more conventional conceptions of sport in which only unambiguous conflict between competitors is seen as legitimate. Here the informal norms of cooperation are central to insider definitions of the social order and are accompanied by strong sanctions for noncompliance. This cooperative informal order is seen as especially problematic for novices, as it diverges from widely held beliefs in the independence of competing units and the importance of overcoming opponents through maximum individual effort. Media coverage of the sport, in disregarding cooperative efforts, both creates and perpetuates erroneous stereotypes, making socialization into the sport more difficult.

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A Study on Liaoning Ports Competition and Cooperation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.1050 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 181-182 ◽

pp. 1050-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Lin Ma ◽

Li Juan Qian

Keyword(s):

Granger Causality Test ◽

The Other ◽

Causality Test ◽

Competition And Cooperation ◽

Vector Auto Regression ◽

Cooperation Relationship ◽

Dalian Port ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Auto Regression

Relationship of competition and cooperation among ports is a hot point in studying ports relationship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competition and cooperation relationship among Liaoning ports. This paper applies the Vector Auto-Regression Model for analyzing the relationship. According to the modeling, it is found that Dalian Port competes with Yingkou Port and Jinzhou Port, while cooperates with Dandong Ports. From the Granger Causality test, it shows that Dalian Port causes the other three ports.

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United States – Certain Measures Affecting Imports of Poultry from China: the fascinating case that wasn't

World Trade Review ◽

10.1017/s1474745611000462 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 273-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DONALD H. REGAN

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Food Safety ◽

The United States ◽

Scientific Justification ◽

The Relationship ◽

Safety Rules

AbstractUS–Poultry (China) was the first Panel decision dealing with an origin-specific SPS measure, or with what the United States referred to as an ‘equivalence regime’. More specifically, it was the first instance in which the basis for the challenged measure was the claimed inability of the complainant country to enforce its own food-safety rules. Unfortunately, as the litigation developed, the very interesting novel issues raised by such a measure were not discussed. This essay discusses those novel issues – in particular, what sort of scientific justification or risk assessment should be required for a measure like this, and what SPS Article 4 says about equivalence regimes. The essay also criticizes the Panel's analysis of some of the issues the Panel does discuss, such as the meaning of the ‘appropriate level of protection’ in SPS 5.5 and 5.6, and the relationship between the SPS and GATT XX(b).

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The food insecurity and the young generations' perception: A systematic review

ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE ◽

10.3280/ecag3-2020oa11037 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Muslima Zahan ◽

Alessandro Bonadonna

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Safety ◽

University Students ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Health Food ◽

University Campuses ◽

Approximate Distribution ◽

The Relationship ◽

Financial Issues

Food insecurity is a global problem mainly generated by financial issues, critical geopolitical situations and constantly changing weather conditions that have direct effects on availability and prices of food products. These issues reduce capacity to manage the available resources with the consequence of obtaining an approximate distribution of food all over the world. Food insecurity involves multiple population groups and different generations, including University students. In order to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and University students investigated from different points of view, this article provides a systematic literature review dedicated to this topic with the aim of identifying any research gaps. For this purpose, a selection of 29 articles was created and the subsequent analysis highlighted the main objectives dedicated to this topic i.e. "Food safety, nutrition and health", "Food safety and determinants", "Food security linked to financial issues", "Food security linked to school performance" and "Food security and socio-demographic variables". In particular, food insecurity exists in campuses mainly due to living costs, income and budget, dietary priority; it affects physical health, mental health and ultimately impactson students' academic performance. All surveys mainly concern individual University campuses in countries developed or in development and therefore a lack of studies dedicated to the comparison of campuses belonging to countries with different socio-economic conditions is highlighted. In light of the results obtained, the authors propose further comparative studies on the perception of food insecurity among University campuses in different geographical areas in order to provide new knowledge on the subject.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND HYGIENE PRACTICES OF STREET FOOD VENDORS IN TRA VINH CITY

Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University ◽

10.35382/18594816.1.26.2017.100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (26) ◽

pp. 16-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hoang Minh Vo ◽

Tham Thi Hong Nguyen ◽

Tam Minh Le

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Street Food ◽

Face To Face ◽

Interview Method ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Safety Knowledge ◽

The Relationship

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the current food safety knowledge of street food vendors and their hygiene practices in Tra Vinh city. Fifty street food vendors were randomly selected and the survey was conducted using a face-to-face interview method through the questionnaire. The results showed evidence of a slight relationship between the food safety knowledge of the street food vendors and their hygiene practices (r = 0.27, p > 0.05). Based on the demographic information, the education might be the most important factor for a better understanding of the variability of the food safety knowledge (F = 3.54, p < 0.05), but not that of the hygiene practices (F = 0.78, p > 0.05). Until recently, the training of food safety knowledge has been conducted with the expectation that street food vendors would prepare and store food safely in case they would have adequate food safety and hygiene knowledge. However, our study shows that the current training way has not been effective due to the fact that the behavior of street food vendors who were trained was not different from the behavior of street food vendors who were not trained

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Green Growth, Food Safety and Environnement Quality: Theoretical Study in Developing Countrys

International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS) ◽

10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v4i5p121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Sawssen NAFTI

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Theoretical Study ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Green Economy ◽

Effective Solution ◽

Green Growth ◽

Economic Theories ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between green growth, food safety and environnement protection. Our analysis is based on a theoretical study aimed to know if the green economy is an effective solution to the problem of poverty and under-nourishment and protective of the environment in developing countrys or it is just a component of any strategy for growth economy. In this way, green economic theories encompass a wide range of ideas all dealing with the interconnected relationship between people and the environment. Our theorical study shows that green economy have an important role to reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, also is a good solution to reduce poverty, under-nourishment and assure food safety, if political orders is made.

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Game elements from literature review of gamification in healthcare context

Journal of Technology and Science Education ◽

10.3926/jotse.556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Sakchai Muangsrinoon ◽

Poonpong Boonbrahm

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

Transformation Method ◽

Data Mining Technique ◽

Competition And Cooperation ◽

Mining Technique ◽

Problem Transformation ◽

Game Context ◽

Game Elements ◽

The Relationship ◽

Adaptation Method

Gamification is a conceptual framework to apply game elements and techniques to improve the interesting process in non-game context. Gamification offers the motivation approach to motivate the player to handle the challenge tasks with game mechanics, game dynamics, and components. Nowadays, To discover the set of game elements and techniques from evaluating the existing related research is more opportunity for success in the exciting process. The core objective of this paper is to review the literature by using descriptive statistics of game elements with the review methodology and evaluate the model with multi-label classification with a dataset from this literature examined. The reviewed literature was first coded author-centrally. After each paper was scrutinized for the analysis, the perspective was pivoted, and further analyses were conducted concept-centrally. A systematic review has been conducted that proves the wide variety of game elements, being retrieved a total of fifteen terms of game elements from twenty-two selected papers that were screened from a total of eighty-two documents. Only a few terms are used: points, feedback, levels, leaderboards, challenges, badges, avatars, competition, and cooperation. However, only some can be considered actual elements mechanics and that have not a similar abstraction level. Additionally, the authors examined the relationship between game elements and STD: Competence, Autonomy, and Relatedness with a Data mining technique, Multi-label classification to discovery knowledge of game elements. The results indicated that rFerns algorithm provides the lowest Hamming Loss with 4.17%. Furthermore, It shows that Multi-label Rain Forest (rfsrc) in Algorithm adaptation method and Rain Forest (RF) in Problem transformation method provide the same Hamming Loss with 29.17%. Moreover, rFerns algorithm provides the highest accuracy with 87.5% for Competence, and 100% for Autonomy and Relatedness. Furthermore, It shows that Multi-label Rain Forest (rfsrc) in Algorithm adaptation method and Rain Forest (RF) in Problem transformation method provide the same Accuracy with 87.5% for Competence, and 62.5% for Autonomy and Relatedness. The results from this study will be used to design a gamified system in a healthcare context to promote physical activity.

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