Anchoring on Historical Reference Points: How Round Number Prices from the Past Shape Future Negotiation Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott S. Wiltermuth ◽  
Timothy Gubler ◽  
Lamar Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
The Past ◽  
Round Number ◽  
Future Negotiation

Is there a role for PCR-SSCP among the methods for missense mutation detection of TP53 gene?

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Peltonen ◽  
J A Welsh ◽  
K H Vähäkangas
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Mutation Detection ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods

Mutation analysis methods have increased in variety during the past years. High-throughput microarray methods have especially increased in popularity. However, new methods require reference points, and not all of the methods are equal in sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the detection of unknown missense mutations, such as unknown TP53 mutations in human tumors, for clinical purposes requires great accuracy, which may be difficult to acquire with the current high-throughput methods. For these reasons, the classical methods, such as PCR-manual sequencing and PCR-SSCP, are still valuable and necessary.

scholarly journals GUIDELINES FOR A DIGITAL REINTERPRETATION OF ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION WORK: REALITY-BASED MODELS AND REVERSE MODELLING TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO THE ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION OF THE <i>TEATRO MARITTIMO, VILLA ADRIANA</i>

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Adembri ◽  
L. Cipriani ◽  
G. Bertacchi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Architectural Restoration ◽  
Over Time

The Maritime Theatre is one of the iconic buildings of Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli. The state of conservation of the theatre is not only the result of weathering over time, but also due to restoration work carried out during the Fifties of the past century. Although this anastylosis process had the virtue of partially restoring a few of the fragments of the compound’s original image, it now reveals diverse inconsistencies and genuine errors in the reassembling of the fragments. This study aims at carrying out a digital reinterpretation of the restoration of the architectural fragments in relation to the architectural order, with particular reference to the miscellaneous decoration of the frieze of the <i>Teatro Marittimo</i> (vestibule and <i>atrium</i>). <br><br> Over the course of the last few years the <i>Teatro Marittimo</i> has been the target of numerous surveying campaigns using digital methodology (laser scanner and photogrammetry SfM/MVS). Starting with the study of the remains of the <i>opus caementicium</i> on the ground, it is possible to identify surfaces which are then used in the model for subsequent cross sections, so as to achieve the best fitting circumferences to use as reference points to put the fragments back into place.

scholarly journals A nemzetközi felnőttoktatási politika változása és az UNESCO

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Sleeping Beauty ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Learning Policies

A tanulmány aktualitását az adja, hogy 2015-ben az UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organistion) közgyűlése a nemzetközi közösség felnőttoktatás-politikájára vonatkozóan új ajánlást fogadott el, amellyel egyben hatályon kívül helyezte a 39 évvel korábban elfogadott, és a nemzetközi felnőttoktatás-politikában sokáig meghatározónak számító ajánlását . Az új ajánlás nemcsak egy globális szakpolitikai reflexió az eltelt időszak politikai-ideológiai, társadalmi, gazdasági változásaira, hanem egyfajta szintézise is az UNESCO humanisztikus hagyományának és az OECD s az Európai Unió felnőttoktatás-politikájának. A tanulmány célja, hogy áttekintse, hogyan változott az elmúlt 40 évben a felnőttoktatás-politika célja, fogalmi és szakpolitikai keretrendszere, s hogyan ébredt az UNESCO a 2010-es évek közepére egy hosszú „csipkerózsika-álomból” s definiálta újra globális felnőttoktatás-politikáját.***Adoption of the new UNESCO Recommendation on adult education, and repailing the nearly forty years old recommendation, which provided reference points for international edult education policies and discourses, gave a momuntum for the analysis. The new recommendation is not only a global reflection on the political, ideological and econmical, social changes occured during this period but a sort of synthesis of the humanistic traditions of the UNESCO and the adult education (learning) policies of the OECD and the European Union. The aim of the study is to review how the concepts, policy frameworks and objectives of the international adult education policies changed in the past forty years and how the UNESCO awoke from its ’dream of Sleeping Beauty’ in the years of mid 2010’s and re-defined its new global adult education policy. 

scholarly journals Interaction between economy and law through the example of China: from the retrospective to the development prospect. A critical analysis and comparison with developed democracies

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn Chaplynskiy ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Sydorov ◽  
Dmytro Shapovalov ◽  
Olena Antoniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Will ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Mental Reference

It is generally considered that the keystone of successful economic development of the state is its effective legal system with its priority dwelling upon protection of human rights. However, is this formula operational in the case of China with its authoritarian political regime for which the fundamental law is the will of the party leader? The article investigates how the transformation of the legal system of China has been progressing over the past seventy years and how these processes correlate with the reforms in the economy. Profound cause and effect relations between mental reference points of the Chinese people and the «fragility» of the institution of law in this country have been revealed. The paper presents the results of the analysis conducted in relation to the indicators of socio-economic progress and the rule of law within the country in comparison with similar indicators of nine most successful countries in the world. It is proven that the formal law in China serves as a mere instrument for a farsighted, authoritarian and rigidly hierarchical political system which uses economic levers with the purpose of achieving ambitious goals of conquering the entire world.

scholarly journals The AJE Summit 2020 Report: The Past, Present and Future of Japanese Language Education in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kojima ◽  
Marcella Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Report

Associations of teachers of Japanese play an indispensable role in assisting not only teachers but also learners and impacting society by offering resources and opportunities for the growth of in-service teachers and pre-service teachers such as postgraduate students. Enhancing the quality of the resources and opportunities is expected to become effective when they know each other, learn from each other and work together. For this purpose, the Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe hosted a summit where the representatives of 22 European countries gathered to discuss the current and the future of Japanese language education in Europe. The aim of the current report is to present general but up-to-date information about the teachers, learners, institutions, associations, and features and challenges of each country. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the key discussions of the summit on the challenges and the possible actions for the viable future of Japanese language education in Europe. The Authors hope to contribute to creating the reference points for larger future studies on such associations while reflecting on the impact the summit possibly had.

scholarly journals Summary and Conclusions

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Bart J. Bok
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental System ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundamental Reference

This has been a good Symposium. There obviously is a need to review now the problems of the accepted fundamental reference system of star positions and proper motions. The basic Fourth Fundamental Catalog (FK4) has been the reference catalog for the past 10 years. It needs updating and especially it should be made more directly usable for discussions of positions and motions referred to faint galaxies. In the preparation of the next catalog we should make use of radio galaxies as basic reference points for fixing precision stellar positions. The Symposium came at the right time! Radio Astrometry has burst upon the scene and it is essential that the optical and radio astrometrists should get to know each other and exchange views about the manner in which together we may work towards the establishment of a fundamental system of positions and proper motions more reliable than we have had in the past. There has also been much activity in the area of measuring proper motions of faint stars relative to galaxies and we obviously have to consider the best manner in which these valuable new contributions can be applied most usefully to basic astrometry. Our Symposium was held in the right place! It is high time that we should draw attention to the accomplishments and the future needs of basic southern hemisphere astrometry; Perth, Western Australia, is obviously a good place to discuss such matters. Finally we should discuss questions relating to instrumentation. Over the past decade there has been what could be called a ‘breakthrough’ in instrumentation, not only in the radio area, but also in the more traditional optical area of measurement by transit circles. There have been many new developments in the field of automatic measurement of photographic plates. This was clearly the time to take stock and plan for the future.

Development and testing of an instrument to determine Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Herget ◽  
Holger Schramm ◽  
Priska Breves
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Product Recall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Visual Advertising ◽  
Tv Commercials ◽  
Pilot Tests

Over the past three decades, several studies have explored the concept of Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising. However, a central problem is the inconsistency of the results derived from these studies. The current level of knowledge does not make it possible to safely predict whether and how Musical Fit influences recipients’ attention, brand and product recall, and positive attitudes toward commercials, including purchase intentions. One origin of this problem is the lack of a coherent definition and operationalization of Musical Fit. Therefore, this article describes the development of a transparent and applicable instrument to identify and determine Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising. Starting from music’s function of transporting and inducing emotions and its ability to communicate referential meaning, we designed a classification system for relating music to the three most important reference points of a commercial: the narration, the product, and/or the target group. Accordingly, Single, Double, and Perfect Musical Fit can be distinguished and classified into different types. To test whether the developed instrument is applicable in practice, we conducted a quantitative content analysis of 594 German TV commercials. After two pilot tests, the inter-coder reliability of two different coders improved to an average of .80, providing an indication of the instrument’s practicability. Surprisingly, the most common Musical Fit types were a Single Fit to Narration (50%), a matching largely unaddressed in studies to date, a Double Fit to Narration and Product (21%), and a Perfect Fit (15%), the type that is most difficult to create.

Progress in American Policing? Reviewing the National Reviews

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crime Commission ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
American Police ◽  
Causes Of Crime

This essay uses three publications—the 1967 President's Crime Commission report on police, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society; the National Research Council's review of research on policing, Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence; and David Weisburd and Anthony A. Braga's edited collection, Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives—as reference points for reflecting on the extent to which the American police institution has moved toward a progressive and professional ideal over the past forty years. I argue that unless the scope and complexity of the policing function is more fully taken into account, and unless the causes of crime and disorder and the police role in controlling and preventing them are reconsidered, the ideals of police reform will remain elusive.

scholarly journals Discover AI Knowledge to Preserve Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ranaldi ◽  
Fabio Massimo Zanzotto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Right

Documenting cultural heritage by using artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for preserving the memory of the past and a key point for future knowledge. However, modern AI technologies make use of statistical learners that lead to self-empiricist logic, which, unlike human minds, use learned non-symbolic representations. Nevertheless, it seems that it is not the right way to progress in AI. If we want to rely on AI for these tasks, it is essential to understand what lies behind these models. Among the ways to discover AI there are the senses and the intellect. We could consider AI as an intelligence. Intelligence has an essence, but we do not know whether it can be considered &ldquo;something&rdquo; or &ldquo;someone&rdquo;. Important issues in the analysis of AI concern the structure of symbols -operations with which the intellectual solution is carried out- and the search for strategic reference points, aspiring to create models with human-like intelligence. For many years, humans, seeing language as innate, have carried out symbolic theories. Everything seems to have skipped with the advent of Machine Learning. In this paper, after a long analysis of history, the rule-based and the learning-based vision, we propose KERMIT as a unit of investigation for a possible meeting point between the different learning theories. Finally, we propose a new vision of knowledge in AI models based on a combination of rules, learning and human knowledge.

scholarly journals Characterization of Relict Communities for Monitoring Park Ecosystems in Glen Canyon National Recreration Area

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Jack Butler ◽  
Brian Bich ◽  
Cheryl Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Mainframe Computer ◽  
Canyonlands National Park ◽  
Field Season

All of the field work for the project was completed during the 1991 field season. All of the vegetation data from both field seasons have been entered into the USD mainframe computer in preparation for detailed analysis. The first objective of the 1991 field season was to identify suitable relict and lightly grazed pinyon-juniper sites that could be used as reference points in evaluating the effects of livestock grazing on the pinyon-juniper communities of the Orange Cliffs. Two sites in western Canyonlands National Park were considered in 1990, but they proved to have been either disturbed by livestock in the past or located on a significantly different substrate. Two areas, the North Block and the South Block, were selected during the 1991 field season as potential relict sites.

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