scholarly journals Discover AI Knowledge to Preserve Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ranaldi ◽  
Fabio Massimo Zanzotto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Right

Documenting cultural heritage by using artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for preserving the memory of the past and a key point for future knowledge. However, modern AI technologies make use of statistical learners that lead to self-empiricist logic, which, unlike human minds, use learned non-symbolic representations. Nevertheless, it seems that it is not the right way to progress in AI. If we want to rely on AI for these tasks, it is essential to understand what lies behind these models. Among the ways to discover AI there are the senses and the intellect. We could consider AI as an intelligence. Intelligence has an essence, but we do not know whether it can be considered “something” or “someone”. Important issues in the analysis of AI concern the structure of symbols -operations with which the intellectual solution is carried out- and the search for strategic reference points, aspiring to create models with human-like intelligence. For many years, humans, seeing language as innate, have carried out symbolic theories. Everything seems to have skipped with the advent of Machine Learning. In this paper, after a long analysis of history, the rule-based and the learning-based vision, we propose KERMIT as a unit of investigation for a possible meeting point between the different learning theories. Finally, we propose a new vision of knowledge in AI models based on a combination of rules, learning and human knowledge.

Dis-Cover AI Minds to Preserve Human Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ranaldi ◽  
Francesca Fallucchi ◽  
Fabio Massimo Zanzotto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Right

Modern AI technologies make use of statistical learners that lead to self-empiricist logic, which, unlike human minds, use learned non-symbolic representations. Nevertheless, it seems that it is not the right way to progress in AI. The structure of symbols—the operations by which the intellectual solution is realized—and the search for strategic reference points evoke important issues in the analysis of AI. Studying how knowledge can be represented through methods of theoretical generalization and empirical observation is only the latest step in a long process of evolution. For many years, humans, seeing language as innate, have carried out symbolic theories. Everything seems to have skipped ahead with the advent of Machine Learning. In this paper, after a long analysis of history, the rule-based and the learning-based vision, we would investigate the syntax as possible meeting point between the different learning theories. Finally, we propose a new vision of knowledge in AI models based on a combination of rules, learning, and human knowledge.

scholarly journals Summary and Conclusions

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Bart J. Bok
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental System ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundamental Reference

This has been a good Symposium. There obviously is a need to review now the problems of the accepted fundamental reference system of star positions and proper motions. The basic Fourth Fundamental Catalog (FK4) has been the reference catalog for the past 10 years. It needs updating and especially it should be made more directly usable for discussions of positions and motions referred to faint galaxies. In the preparation of the next catalog we should make use of radio galaxies as basic reference points for fixing precision stellar positions. The Symposium came at the right time! Radio Astrometry has burst upon the scene and it is essential that the optical and radio astrometrists should get to know each other and exchange views about the manner in which together we may work towards the establishment of a fundamental system of positions and proper motions more reliable than we have had in the past. There has also been much activity in the area of measuring proper motions of faint stars relative to galaxies and we obviously have to consider the best manner in which these valuable new contributions can be applied most usefully to basic astrometry. Our Symposium was held in the right place! It is high time that we should draw attention to the accomplishments and the future needs of basic southern hemisphere astrometry; Perth, Western Australia, is obviously a good place to discuss such matters. Finally we should discuss questions relating to instrumentation. Over the past decade there has been what could be called a ‘breakthrough’ in instrumentation, not only in the radio area, but also in the more traditional optical area of measurement by transit circles. There have been many new developments in the field of automatic measurement of photographic plates. This was clearly the time to take stock and plan for the future.

Israeli love and its implications for heritage and archeological sites In Hebron governorate

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dr.. Sami Mohammed Alqam
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Orders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Israeli Occupation

     The heritage sites in Hebron Governorate in all its details represent a historical history connected to the past and the present, Reflecting the heritage of the Palestinian people and its originality and roots in its land, and gives a precise picture of the features of successive civilizations that ruled the region, However, this historical legacy is threatened by destruction due to the policy of the Israeli occupation authorities to confiscate, demolish or Judaize buildings so that the occupation authorities strive to loot the goods of the Palestinian people and obliterate, destroy or confiscate their cultural heritage, And all that indicates the right to his land and sanctities; in an attempt to falsify historical facts; As a result of this policy occurred Palestinian architecture in Hebron, As a component of the Palestinian culture in the range of targeting the occupation authorities; they have confiscated many of the Palestinian historical buildings, whether residential or religious or archaeological sites, issuing a series of military orders backed by the army and the Israeli police, and pasted biblical accounts of these buildings; As well as resorting to the policy of theft and forgery.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of cultural heritage and the definition of a unit of material

1970 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ivo Maroevic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World View ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
Concise Definition ◽  
Modern Sense

Cultural heritage is a complex matter. To use a very concise definition, it is the value of the past that we distinguish in the present in order to be able to preserve it for the future. Through the varying course of the present it constantly transmits the experiences and the messages of past times, forever expanding human knowledge about them. The theoretical formulation of cultural heritage goes back a long way but in the modern sense began to be defined and directed towards conservation in the period of romanticism, in the mid-19th century, when a clearly focused interest in the past was one of the major features of the contemporary world-view. 

Is the Universe a Hologram?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Plasencia ◽  
Tim O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Fourth Block ◽  
The Universe

The place of discovery and generation of human knowledge has become a somewhat fuzzy area, and it is at the crossroads of equally blurred disciplines where new glimpses of the future occur. This book looks at these issues through a series of interconnected and heterodox reflections. It is much more a book of non-linear questions than one of answers, where the index consists of a list of questions with those who address the issues linked to them. In 33 dialogues, the author attempts to draw the participants, researchers and creators—each specialists—out of their “intellectual comfort zones”, and get them to delve into areas of disciplines not considered part of their usual activities, thus enabling different concepts to be discussed. For example, “intelligence”, viewed simultaneously from the perspective of neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and Artificial Intelligence, or whether quantum physics allows for freewill. The diversity and interconnecting ideas in these conversations is wide ranging and intense. The dialogues, preceded by a foreword from Tim O’Reilly, are arranged in four blocks: I, The Physical World; II, Information, and III, Intelligence; the fourth block is a dialogue-epilogue with the artist and painter J. M. Yturralde, closing the book with a critical foray into the overlap between Art and Science, with tantalizing questions, with an artistic slant, such as the validity of the equation “Beauty ≠ Truth,” or whether we can go back in time to the past and change it.

scholarly journals An Ontology-based Framework and its Application to Effective Collaboration

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Isotani ◽  
Riichiro Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Partial Representation ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Ontological Framework ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Common Understanding

In the past few years Artificial Intelligence has been gradually introduced to enhance Education through technologies. However, usual approaches provide systems with a kind of expertise using a set of heuristics and domain theories built in the procedures. As a result they cannot justify their recommendations systematically and scientifically. To overcome such problems it is necessary to establish a common understanding of what a learning theory is and how to represent it adequately. In this work we present part of our ontological framework that allows for the partial representation of learning theories considering explicitness, formalism, concepts and vocabulary. Then, we propose sophisticated techniques to reasoning on these theories considering their semantics showing the use of this framework to build a system called CHOCOLATO to facilitate the effective design and analysis of collaborative learning activities.

scholarly journals A Study on Optimistic need of Artificial Intelligence in Fashion Retail Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Niveditha A S
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Average Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Purchase Rate ◽  
The Right

The fashion e-commerce market has been growing steadily in the past few years accounting for USD 371 billion or 21% retail sales of apparel and footwear globally in 2019. But as most of the worlds are experiencing self-isolation and lockdown measures, the corona virus crisis is pushing brands to digitalize even faster to survive, engage with customers, designers, manufactures and redesign their supply chain operations. Many sectors are reeling from the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic as they stare into the abyss of the impending recession and fashion has not been immune. But aside from economic factors, the industry is also facing lasting structural change. Artificial Intelligence optimizes conversion, Average Order Value (AOV) and repeat purchase rate by understanding a customer’s preferences and suggesting the right products and outfits for them. Recommendations are tailored to the physical stores with latest technologies by implementing virtual trail room, regional trends, as well as the customers’ body type, color, desired occasions and personal style.

scholarly journals Kulturarvens speglingar

1970 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mattias Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Cultural Heritage Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Perspective

Museums as mirrors of differing concepts of heritage The museum – is it more a reflection of the present than an entrance to the past? In this essay we visit four museums from four different eras to investigate how the ideals of the contemporary society were mirrored in the museum’s preservation and exhibition practices. The museums, all located in Stockholm, are: The Royal Museum founded in 1792 which focused on the classical heritage; the Nordiska Museet 1873 and Skansen 1891 with their interest in Nordic folk culture; the Museum of National Antiquities and the Office of Cultural Heritage Management in the days of their important reorganisation around 1940; and finally the Swedish Travelling Exhibitions established in 1965 with its distributive and democratic ideas. I have used the typology of Friedrich Nietzsche from Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben revised by the historian Svante Beckman in order to understand the differences. The museums are positioned in an analytic diagram (p. 72) according to the ideals which were fundamental in the construction of the respective institutions. In the centre Heritage, at the top Society perspective, at the bottom Individual perspective, to the left Cognitive emphasis, to the right Emotive emphasis. The conclusions are condensed in the diagram on p. 88. 

Emotional thinking as the foundation of consciousness in artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832110526
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
The Right

Current theories of artificial intelligence (AI) generally exclude human emotions. The idea at the core of such theories could be described as ‘cognition is computing’; that is, that human psychological and symbolic representations and the operations involved in structuring such representations in human thinking and intelligence can be converted by AI into a series of cognitive symbolic representations and calculations in a manner that simulates human intelligence. However, after decades of development, the cognitive computing doctrine has encountered many difficulties, both in theory and in practice; in particular, it is far from approaching real human intelligence. Real human intelligence runs through the whole process of the emotions. The core and motivation of rational thinking are derived from the emotions. Intelligence without emotion neither exists nor is meaningful. For example, the idea of ‘hot thinking’ proposed by Paul Thagard, a philosopher of cognitive science, discusses the mechanism of the emotions in human cognition and the thinking process. Through an analysis from the perspectives of cognitive neurology, cognitive psychology and social anthropology, this article notes that there may be a type of thinking that could be called ‘emotional thinking’. This type of thinking includes complex emotional factors during the cognitive processes. The term is used to refer to the capacity to process information and use emotions to integrate information in order to arrive at the right decisions and reactions. This type of thinking can be divided into two types according to the role of cognition: positive and negative emotional thinking. That division reflects opposite forces in the cognitive process. In the future, ‘emotional computing’ will cause an important acceleration in the development of AI consciousness. The foundation of AI consciousness is emotional computing based on the simulation of emotional thinking.

Todor's Saturday in Mali Krčimir: Tradition and Revival

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Смиляна Джорджевич Белич ◽  
Даниела Попович Николич
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
New Wave ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Southeastern Serbia

В статье представлены результаты исследования празднования Тодоровой субботы (Тодорова дня) в Малом Крчимире (область Заплане, Юго-Восточная Сербия). Вслед за обзором существующих исследований обрядов на Тодорову неделю в балканском контексте и реконструкции ритуалов, осуществленной на базе имеющихся исследований и этнографических материалов, авторы рассматривают эти ритуальные практики в контексте «новой волны фольклоризма» и других процессов в культуре Сербии. This paper examines the celebration of Todor’s Saturday (Todorova subbota) in Mali Krčimir (Zaplanje, southeastern Serbia). After reviewing previous studies of relevant rituals in the Balkan context and reconstruction of the ritual based on available studies and ethnographic material, the authors provide a picture of this ritual practice within the traditional culture of Zaplanje. At the current moment the celebration of St. Theodore’s Day is positioned at the crossroads of the traditional and the institutionalized type of ritual. The article analyzes transcripts of field conversations that illustrate emic polyphony. Their emic polylogue, which sometimes has a polemical character, centers on several themes: the interpretation of continuity and revival, the question of the right to tradition, nostalgic memories of the past and the relationship of past and present as a new problem. The article discusses ritual and customary practice related to the celebration of St. Theodore’s Day in the context of “negotiating authenticity” and the “new wave” of folklore, with attention to the specifics of Zaplanje. Finally, the article raises the question of the sustainability of St. Theodore’s Day practice, and the possibility and consequences of its eventual inclusion in the system of protecting the intangible cultural heritage.

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