Assessing China’s Economic Reform and Opening-Up: Successes, Shortfalls, and What ’s Next

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Garcia-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

The Equilibrium of Parking Violation and China’s Economic Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Simple Assumption ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The People ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Political decision makers are economic agents who try to maximize self-interests. This simple assumption helps explain China’s decision-making of reform and opening up and shed light on its contradictory political logic. Under a fully planned economy, market liberalization benefits everyone, including political decision makers. After wealth is created in the market economy, political decision-makers have incentives to take a growing share of wealth for themselves if no institutional mechanism exists to check their power. When the proportion of wealth appropriated by political decision-makers exceeds the margin where the people can afford, the market starts to suffer and the growth of wealth is derailed. At the extreme, political decision-makers takes so much wealth to push the entire social economic system to the verge of collapse. Because political decision-makers do not know where the equilibrium margin is, the above thinking has practical consequences. When political decision-makers keep expanding their take of wealth, the worst scenario may occur.

scholarly journals Outward FDI and Entrepreneurship: The Case of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Peter Koveos ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Fei Wen ◽  
Jiaxian Liao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developing countries, like China, has been growing significantly so far. However, there is surprisingly little research on the effects of OFDI on the home county’s entrepreneurship. In this paper, we initially examine the characteristics of China’s OFDI during the country’s economic reform and opening up. We subsequently test for the hypothesis that Chinese OFDI, along with the Chinese entrepreneurial institutional environment and inward FDI, impacted entrepreneurial activities from the year of 2004 to 2015. We find that OFDI has an inverted “U” effect on entrepreneurial activities, and that the impacts of inward FDI as well as the foreign trade are different in the coastal and non-coastal cities. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for researchers and policymakers as well as the limitations of our data.

Why North Korea Could Not Implement the Chinese Style Reform and Opening? The Internal Contradiction Between Economic Reform and Political Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-324
Author(s):  
Sungmin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Internal Contradiction ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Can North Korea implement Chinese-style reform and opening-up policies? This is an important question, directly relevant to the policy debate on North Korea’s nuclear challenges. Through comparative historical analysis, I argue that Pyongyang has failed to adopt the Chinese-style reform and opening-up for the internal and structural restraints. The Chinese experience shows that the economic reform and opening, to be successful, requires a certain degree of political reform and openness to be executed together. North Korea could not implement the economic reform and opening policies as effectively as China did, not because of the external conditions like international sanctions or security threat to the country, but more for the internal contradiction that North Korea’s own economic development is likely to endanger the stability of the political system more rapidly and widely than China has experienced. For this analysis, I rely on North Korea’s published laws and economic policies, previous survey works and scholarly works published in Korean and Chinese.

scholarly journals Inter-regional development in China: An assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Sarah Chan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Regional Development Strategy ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

China’s regional planning and development has been a key national priority since the start of economic reform and opening up. China’s regional development strategy has constantly evolved and has shifted to prioritizing integrated areas and mega-clusters to promote internal connectivity, increase urbanization and employment, and consequently, domestic consumption. This is distinct from past regional rebalancing initiatives, which were mainly aimed at reducing regional income gaps and relieving pressure from population flows to developed coastal regions. To support regional integration and sustain economic growth, institutional or structural policies to remove factor market distortions are just as necessary as increased investment in physical infrastructure, given that China’s domestic market is huge but highly fragmented. As China faces rising external geopolitical and global economic uncertainties, its regional development strategy will be to emphasize more on “dual circulation” to boost domestic demand and strengthen China’s supply chain resiliency, while still enhancing trade linkages with global markets to spur competition and support its industrial upgrading efforts.

GLOBALIZATION, LIBERALIZATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY: THE CASE OF CHINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450002 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINJUN XUE ◽  
CHULIANG LUO ◽  
SHI LI
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

This paper studies the mutual effects of globalization, liberalization and income inequality using a case study of China. Comparing the trends of economic growth and income distribution, we found that the economic reform and opening-up policy promoted China's rapid growth while inducing an expansion in income disparity. We also found that the income gap had been a force driving China's high growth in its earlier transition period but began to be an obstacle as the Chinese economy became more globalized and liberalized. To enhance future economic development, China must reduce this inequality.

Rereading Klein’s “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”—the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in four generations of Chinese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Xu Jianqin
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mother Daughter Relationship ◽  
Foot Binding ◽  
Mother Child Relationship ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

This article analyses the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in China, and describes the mothering characteristics of four generations of women, which in sequence includes “foot-binding mothers”, “mothers after liberation”, “mothers after reform and opening up”, and “mothers who were only daughters”. Referring to Klein’s ideas about the mother–child relationship, especially those in her paper “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”, the author tries to understand mothers and their impact on their daughters in these various periods of Chinese history, so as to explore the mutual influence of the mother–daughter relationship in particular, and the Chinese cultural and developmental context in general.

scholarly journals Patterns of Agricultural Diversification in China and Its Policy Implications for Agricultural Modernization

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4978
Author(s):  
Hongyun Han ◽  
Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Chinese Agriculture ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Central South ◽  
Opening Up

Based on the value of agricultural farm products produced by different subsectors in China, the foregoing analysis reveals the dynamic character of agricultural diversification by which, this study seeks to examine the evolutionary process of Chinese agriculture through a quantitative study of agricultural diversification at both national and provincial levels. In the initial stages of reform and opening up, the degree of agricultural diversification in the southwest was relatively high; then the center of agricultural diversification gradually moved to the southeast of China; finally, the degree of agricultural diversification in the economically developed eastern provinces was obviously higher than those in other regions in 2019. It was seen that some provinces in the eastern and central south regions moved toward increasing diversification in one direction, and other provinces changed direction, first moving toward diversification and later toward concentration or vice versa. These oscillations implied that there was a cyclic tendency of agricultural diversification along with an increase in per capita GDP. Generally speaking, the patterns of diversification differed across regions due to diversified agricultural subsectors resulting from different natural and socio-economic circumstances. In particular, in less developed regions with lower agricultural diversification levels, farming agriculture persistently dominated the leading position with relatively more resistance to modernizing trends in other aspects of agriculture. It is urgent for the Chinese government to figure out ways off reconciling agricultural productivity with environmental quality through the ecological intensification of agriculture.

The Xianggu Mushroom Industry in Xixia County, Henan: A Case Study (西峡香菇产业的个案研究)

Rural China ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu (刘昶) ◽  
Shiqing Bao (包诗卿) ◽  
Danqing Pei (裴丹青)
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

The xianggu (shiitake) mushroom industry in Xixia county, Henan, emerged and initially experienced rapid growth during the reform and opening up period. It has benefited from both the rapid expansion of the food consumption market in China and the guidance and support of the local government. After thirty years of sustained expansion, the growth of the mushroom market began to slow down and competition within the industry became fierce. Facing rich and powerful mushroom dealers, individual mushroom farmers have had to bear the brunt of market fluctuations. To break the predicament of farmers’ suffering from low prices (because of the bumper harvest paradox) and to help farmers protect their interests and gain a fair share of the industry’s profits, and thus to achieve sustained and healthy development of the mushroom industry, important institutional innovations are needed. 西峡县香菇产业在改革开放时期经历了从零开始的飞速增长，这既得益于食品消费市场的迅速扩张，也得益于地方政府的引导和扶持。在经历了三十年的持续扩张后，香菇市场增速开始放缓，业内竞争压力凸显。面对财大气粗的菇行，势孤力单的个体菇农首当其冲,受到市场的挤压。要破解菇贱伤农的困局，帮助菇农保护自己的利益和分享产业的利润，并实现香菇产业的健康持续发展，就需要在产业组织和制度上进行创新。 (This article is in English.)

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