The Equilibrium of Parking Violation and China’s Economic Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Simple Assumption ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The People ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Political decision makers are economic agents who try to maximize self-interests. This simple assumption helps explain China’s decision-making of reform and opening up and shed light on its contradictory political logic. Under a fully planned economy, market liberalization benefits everyone, including political decision makers. After wealth is created in the market economy, political decision-makers have incentives to take a growing share of wealth for themselves if no institutional mechanism exists to check their power. When the proportion of wealth appropriated by political decision-makers exceeds the margin where the people can afford, the market starts to suffer and the growth of wealth is derailed. At the extreme, political decision-makers takes so much wealth to push the entire social economic system to the verge of collapse. Because political decision-makers do not know where the equilibrium margin is, the above thinking has practical consequences. When political decision-makers keep expanding their take of wealth, the worst scenario may occur.

scholarly journals The Effects of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” and “31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan” on the Development of Taiwanese Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Hsiung-Shen Jung ◽  
Jui-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The People ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Opening Up

China has achieved rapid economic growth and become involved in the economic globalization through its policy of reform and opening-up and modernization. It has attracted much investment from lots of Taiwanese enterprises, including some small and medium-sized enterprises featuring a high labor cost and facing difficult operation in the traditional industries. Thanks to the policy, many Taiwanese enterprises have got a chance to rebirth by transforming their crises into opportunities. With the implementation of the policy of urbanization, the people from rural areas in China have been moving to urban areas, and the enterprises of the second and third industries have been concentrating in cities. This has not only fueled the livelihood-oriented consumption in China but also expanded the domestic demand market of the Taiwanese medium and large-sized livelihood enterprises in China. The Belt and Road trade foundation construction program, which aims to link Europe, Asia and Africa and was proposed in 2013, is an extension of the Great Development of Western Part of China and offers Taiwanese enterprises a chance to get fully involved in the development of the international market. The 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan announced by the Chinese government in February 2018 has significant influence on the future development of the Taiwanese enterprises in China. Therefore, this paper will elaborate on the effects of the Belt and Road and the 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan on the Taiwanese enterprises.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI AKTIVITAS PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR PELABUHAN AMURANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1A) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Valentine Prilly Kesek ◽  
Celcius ., Talumingan ◽  
Caroline B. D. Pakasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
New Business ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Opening Up

This study aims to determine the activities of the Amurang Port on the economy of the communities around the harbor. This research was conducted at the Amurang, Sub-district of West Amurang, South Minahasa Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. The reason for using qualitative methods for this research seeks to find answers to questions relating to the socio-economic life of the commonity who are residing around the port. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data was collected by using observation, interview and documentation. The research found that the activities in Amurang Port can increase the income of local communities, opening up a new business thus increasing employment absortion, there are trading activities and there are social-economic activities around the harbor. Thus the presence of the Amurang Port has a positive impact for the people that are around the port Amurang form of employment absortion and increased income of communityKeywords : identification, economic activities, the Amurang Port, Sub-district of WestAmurang, South Minahasa District

scholarly journals Outward FDI and Entrepreneurship: The Case of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Peter Koveos ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Fei Wen ◽  
Jiaxian Liao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developing countries, like China, has been growing significantly so far. However, there is surprisingly little research on the effects of OFDI on the home county’s entrepreneurship. In this paper, we initially examine the characteristics of China’s OFDI during the country’s economic reform and opening up. We subsequently test for the hypothesis that Chinese OFDI, along with the Chinese entrepreneurial institutional environment and inward FDI, impacted entrepreneurial activities from the year of 2004 to 2015. We find that OFDI has an inverted “U” effect on entrepreneurial activities, and that the impacts of inward FDI as well as the foreign trade are different in the coastal and non-coastal cities. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for researchers and policymakers as well as the limitations of our data.

Why North Korea Could Not Implement the Chinese Style Reform and Opening? The Internal Contradiction Between Economic Reform and Political Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-324
Author(s):  
Sungmin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Internal Contradiction ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Can North Korea implement Chinese-style reform and opening-up policies? This is an important question, directly relevant to the policy debate on North Korea’s nuclear challenges. Through comparative historical analysis, I argue that Pyongyang has failed to adopt the Chinese-style reform and opening-up for the internal and structural restraints. The Chinese experience shows that the economic reform and opening, to be successful, requires a certain degree of political reform and openness to be executed together. North Korea could not implement the economic reform and opening policies as effectively as China did, not because of the external conditions like international sanctions or security threat to the country, but more for the internal contradiction that North Korea’s own economic development is likely to endanger the stability of the political system more rapidly and widely than China has experienced. For this analysis, I rely on North Korea’s published laws and economic policies, previous survey works and scholarly works published in Korean and Chinese.

scholarly journals The Operational Environment Influence on the Development Level of Military Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Constantin Grigoraş
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Decision Maker ◽  
The People ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Military Structure ◽  
The Military

Abstract The war has not disappeared and will never disappear. It is constantly changing, in perfect correlation with those who created it, the people organized into social structures. It changes according to the changes in the operational environment, influenced, in turn, by the technical-scientific discoveries. All these changes impose a new philosophy of warfare in which the methods of creating and using forces acquire new valences generated by the diversity and the possibilities of access to the new technologies. Knowing the way in which indirect (having the potential) factors influence the fighting capacity of a military structure is just as useful for predicting the outcome of the operation/battle/war. Knowing this assessment, the military decision makers will be able to submit variants and solutions to the political decision maker, who will choose the one that he will appreciate as being the most appropriate.

scholarly journals Produkcija diplomatskega védenja v jugoslovanski in poljski povojni diplomatski praksi (1945–1947)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (3) ◽  
pp. 735-771
Author(s):  
Maja Lukanc
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Post War ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Diplomacy provides a unique insight into the socio-political circumstances of individual countries. Through their reports, analyses, and interpretations, diplomats shape a modicum of knowledge about the state in which they operate. Based on Yugoslav and Polish archival materials and memorial literature, the following contribution explores how diplomats from both countries contributed to the knowledge about Yugoslavia and Poland in the first years after World War II. The article takes into account the factors that influenced the production of knowledge in diplomacy and answers the question of whether the Yugoslav and Polish political decision-makers applied the newly acquired knowledge and how. The first post-war elections in both countries serve as a case study: they allowed diplomats to gain an insight into the operations of the local political elites; shed light on the attitude of the population towards the new authorities; and answered the question of how far the communists were willing to go in their struggle for power.

scholarly journals A Study on the Ways of Promoting the Prosperity of Serious Novels in the ‘New Normal’ Period in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Meishu Ke ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

<p>With the deepening of the reform and opening up, China has entered a new stage of development of market economy. People are in the pursuit of material life but also pay attention to the cultural level of enjoyment and the socialist core values has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. People live and work in peace and contentment, social prosperity and stability, which shows that our country is in peace and stable society in the new normal period. In the reform mission with the theme of innovation and development, literary creation has shown new vitality and gradually developed into a new normal environment for literature. People's interest in reading novels is related to the prosperous environment of new century literature. Not only writers pay attention to readers' reading tendency, but also the publishing industry and magazines also care about people's reading tendencies. In the cultural consumption market, people pay more attention to the writing trend of novels. To promote the long-term prosperity and stable development of serious novels is a priority under the new normal environment in China.</p>

Based on the People because of the Intelligent Family Combination of Integral Ambry Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 928-932
Author(s):  
Jia Ning Zhang ◽  
Li Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Function ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Based on the present situation of the integral ambry market, with people because of the engineering research as the breakthrough point of the design, the existing defects and problems of integral ambry as a starting point, and designed a family combination design of integral ambry, it is not only able to ambry of hidden and receive, but also increase the more bells and whistles, make it better and more convenient by modern families use, improve the comfortableness after transformation and space utilization. Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of the national economy, people's living standards gradually improve, and now people's yearning for a better life further, this is also evident in the choice of daily cabinets and requirements. The in view of the existing integral ambry use problems existing in the process of research and analysis, according to the practical and functional design of the to redesign and function of extended by modern combination cabinet design, let children family and Peter's feelings increase in labor, but also let the child's ability to better exercise. At the same time in the home can be used to achieve a variety of purposes, to facilitate the purpose of the user.

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