Why North Korea Could Not Implement the Chinese Style Reform and Opening? The Internal Contradiction Between Economic Reform and Political Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-324
Author(s):  
Sungmin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Internal Contradiction ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Can North Korea implement Chinese-style reform and opening-up policies? This is an important question, directly relevant to the policy debate on North Korea’s nuclear challenges. Through comparative historical analysis, I argue that Pyongyang has failed to adopt the Chinese-style reform and opening-up for the internal and structural restraints. The Chinese experience shows that the economic reform and opening, to be successful, requires a certain degree of political reform and openness to be executed together. North Korea could not implement the economic reform and opening policies as effectively as China did, not because of the external conditions like international sanctions or security threat to the country, but more for the internal contradiction that North Korea’s own economic development is likely to endanger the stability of the political system more rapidly and widely than China has experienced. For this analysis, I rely on North Korea’s published laws and economic policies, previous survey works and scholarly works published in Korean and Chinese.

scholarly journals Sang Naga Membelit Asean: Kebijakan Ekonomi China Pasca Diterima sebagai Anggota WTO

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirta M. Mursitama ◽  
Haura E. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Since its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has been playing its greater role as a new giant economy more actively in international trade and has succeeded in strengthening its economic relations with its neighboring countries including Southeast Asian countries, which are the members of ASEAN. This paper particularly discusses China's economic policies in ASEAN after China gained its membership in the WTO. We focuses mainly on the agreement on trade in goods under the scheme of ASEAN China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) and the investment agreement between China and ASEAN that affects its economic relations with ASEAN. We argue that China's economic policies in ASEAN as concrete and systematic implementation of "reform and opening up " policies initiated more than 30 years ago. Strategically, it has played one of the major and most important roles in strengthening its economic relations with ASEAN and that the state's role is the key to the success of China's economic policies in ASEAN.

The Equilibrium of Parking Violation and China’s Economic Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Simple Assumption ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The People ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Political decision makers are economic agents who try to maximize self-interests. This simple assumption helps explain China’s decision-making of reform and opening up and shed light on its contradictory political logic. Under a fully planned economy, market liberalization benefits everyone, including political decision makers. After wealth is created in the market economy, political decision-makers have incentives to take a growing share of wealth for themselves if no institutional mechanism exists to check their power. When the proportion of wealth appropriated by political decision-makers exceeds the margin where the people can afford, the market starts to suffer and the growth of wealth is derailed. At the extreme, political decision-makers takes so much wealth to push the entire social economic system to the verge of collapse. Because political decision-makers do not know where the equilibrium margin is, the above thinking has practical consequences. When political decision-makers keep expanding their take of wealth, the worst scenario may occur.

scholarly journals Outward FDI and Entrepreneurship: The Case of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Peter Koveos ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Fei Wen ◽  
Jiaxian Liao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developing countries, like China, has been growing significantly so far. However, there is surprisingly little research on the effects of OFDI on the home county’s entrepreneurship. In this paper, we initially examine the characteristics of China’s OFDI during the country’s economic reform and opening up. We subsequently test for the hypothesis that Chinese OFDI, along with the Chinese entrepreneurial institutional environment and inward FDI, impacted entrepreneurial activities from the year of 2004 to 2015. We find that OFDI has an inverted “U” effect on entrepreneurial activities, and that the impacts of inward FDI as well as the foreign trade are different in the coastal and non-coastal cities. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for researchers and policymakers as well as the limitations of our data.

scholarly journals Inter-regional development in China: An assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Sarah Chan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Regional Development Strategy ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

China’s regional planning and development has been a key national priority since the start of economic reform and opening up. China’s regional development strategy has constantly evolved and has shifted to prioritizing integrated areas and mega-clusters to promote internal connectivity, increase urbanization and employment, and consequently, domestic consumption. This is distinct from past regional rebalancing initiatives, which were mainly aimed at reducing regional income gaps and relieving pressure from population flows to developed coastal regions. To support regional integration and sustain economic growth, institutional or structural policies to remove factor market distortions are just as necessary as increased investment in physical infrastructure, given that China’s domestic market is huge but highly fragmented. As China faces rising external geopolitical and global economic uncertainties, its regional development strategy will be to emphasize more on “dual circulation” to boost domestic demand and strengthen China’s supply chain resiliency, while still enhancing trade linkages with global markets to spur competition and support its industrial upgrading efforts.

scholarly journals Comparison on the Developmental Trends Between Chinese Students Studying Abroad and Foreign Students Studying in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
New Period ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
China’S Economy

China has been undergoing a new period of political stability, cultural prosperity, and social harmony since its reform and opening-up in the late 1970s. At the same time, the number of Chinese students studying abroad (CSSA) and foreign students studying in China (FSSC) has grown rapidly and steadily in the past three decades. With China’s participation in globalization, CSSA and FSSC are a significant part of China’s potential international human capital and, as such, CSSA and FSSC are in great need. Data of CSSA and FSSC in the past 34 years are collected and examined in this article, and the historical trends are depicted and compared. Relationships between the developments of CSSA and FSSC and the development of China’s economy can be validated and compared by regression analysis. The number of CSSA and FSSC in the next 10 years can be predicted by predicting China’s GDP in the same period.

GLOBALIZATION, LIBERALIZATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY: THE CASE OF CHINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450002 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINJUN XUE ◽  
CHULIANG LUO ◽  
SHI LI
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

This paper studies the mutual effects of globalization, liberalization and income inequality using a case study of China. Comparing the trends of economic growth and income distribution, we found that the economic reform and opening-up policy promoted China's rapid growth while inducing an expansion in income disparity. We also found that the income gap had been a force driving China's high growth in its earlier transition period but began to be an obstacle as the Chinese economy became more globalized and liberalized. To enhance future economic development, China must reduce this inequality.

Rereading Klein’s “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”—the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in four generations of Chinese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Xu Jianqin
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mother Daughter Relationship ◽  
Foot Binding ◽  
Mother Child Relationship ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

This article analyses the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in China, and describes the mothering characteristics of four generations of women, which in sequence includes “foot-binding mothers”, “mothers after liberation”, “mothers after reform and opening up”, and “mothers who were only daughters”. Referring to Klein’s ideas about the mother–child relationship, especially those in her paper “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”, the author tries to understand mothers and their impact on their daughters in these various periods of Chinese history, so as to explore the mutual influence of the mother–daughter relationship in particular, and the Chinese cultural and developmental context in general.

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