Adverse Association of Zinc Consumption With Osteoarthritis Development: A Case-Control, Two Nationwide Cross-Sectional, a Patient Cohort, and a Pre-Clinical Intervention Studies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Jun Kim ◽  
Eun-Hee Ha ◽  
Martin Hemberg ◽  
Kye Hwa Lee ◽  
Hyeonkyeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Cohort

NUTRITION AND FRAILTY: A REVIEW OF CLINICAL INTERVENTION STUDIES

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. MANAL ◽  
S. SUZANA ◽  
D.K.A. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Frailty is one of the major health concerns in aging. It is considered a geriatric syndrome characterized by muscle weakness, sarcopenia and fatigue. It is also associated with several adverse health outcomes, including disability. Literature shows that there are a number of studies conducted to define the relationship between frailty and nutrition. The majority is from cross sectional, longitudinal, and cohort studies. Few intervention studies using micronutrients, macronutrients, nutritional supplement, or food regimens have been found. This review examines the nutrition intervention studies targeted towards older adults with frailty, and evaluates the effectiveness of nutrition interventions on frailty indicators. Twenty-four intervention studies from six electronic databases met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen were randomized controlled clinical trials; one was a quasi-experimental design, whilst the rest were controlled trials. Participants included in the studies differed in terms of age and frailty status. The studies were inconsistent in intervention type, duration, and targeted outcomes. Most of the studies indicated that modification of nutrition quality, either by giving supplements or by improving diet intake, could improve strength, walking speed, and nutritional status in majority of frail or pre-frail older adults. However, there was limited evidence on the effectiveness of intervention on inflammatory status and other biomarkers related to frailty due to limited number of studies targeting frailty biomarkers as a major outcome.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prophylactic HPV Vaccines on Oral and Oropharyngeal HPV Infection—A Systematic Review

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Juul Nielsen ◽  
Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen ◽  
Jakob Schmidt Jensen ◽  
Christian Grønhøj ◽  
Christian Von Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Human papillomavirus (HPV) imposes an increased risk of developing cervical, anal and oropharyngeal cancer. In the Western world, HPV infection is currently the major cause of oropharyngeal cancer. The effectiveness of HPV vaccines for oral or oropharyngeal HPV infection is yet to be determined. This study conducted a systematic literature search in Pubmed and Embase. Studies investigating the impact of HPV vaccines on oral or oropharyngeal HPV infection were enrolled. This review reports the relative prevention percentage (RPP), including a risk of bias assessment as well as a quality assessment study. Nine studies were included (48,777 participants): five cross-sectional studies; one randomized community trial study (RCT); one longitudinal cohort study; and two case-control studies. A significant mean RPP of 83.9% (66.6–97.8%) was calculated from the cross-sectional studies, 82.4% in the included RCT and 83% in the longitudinal cohort study. Further, two case-control studies that measured antibody response in participants immunized with HPV vaccines were included. Respectively, 100% and 93.2% of participants developed HPV-16 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in oral fluids post-vaccination. Analysis of the studies identified a significant decrease in vaccine-type oral or oropharyngeal HPV infections in study participants immunized with HPV vaccines across study designs and heterogenous populations. Further, a significant percentage of participants developed IgG antibodies in oral fluid post-vaccination.

Depressive Symptoms in Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Insomnia: An Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592198965
Author(s):  
Bomin Jeon ◽  
Faith S. Luyster ◽  
Judith A. Callan ◽  
Eileen R. Chasens
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize evidence concerning the relationship between comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia (OSA+I), and depressive symptoms. OSA and insomnia are common sleep disorders, recently comorbid OSA+I has been recognized as prevalent in adults. Although each sleep disorder increases the risk and severity of depressive symptoms, the effect of comorbid OSA+I on depressive symptoms remains unclear. A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO identified 15 data-based studies. All the studies were observational with either a cross-sectional (n = 14) or a case-control design (n = 1). Study quality was assessed. Most of the studies (n = 14) indicated that comorbid OSA+I had an additive role on depressive symptoms. Insomnia appeared to have a more important role than OSA in increasing the severity of depressive symptoms in persons with comorbid OSA+I.

scholarly journals Serum Biomarker Signature-Based Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (28) ◽  
pp. 2887-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Mellby ◽  
Andreas P. Nyberg ◽  
Julia S. Johansen ◽  
Christer Wingren ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Serum Biomarker ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Biomarker Signature ◽  
Control Study

Purpose Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of < 10% because of diffuse symptoms leading to late-stage diagnosis. That survival could increase significantly if localized tumors could be detected early. Therefore, we used multiparametric analysis of blood samples to obtain a novel biomarker signature of early-stage PDAC. The signature was derived from a large patient cohort, including patients with well-defined early-stage (I and II) PDAC. This biomarker signature was validated subsequently in an independent patient cohort. Patients and Methods The biomarker signature was derived from a case-control study, using a Scandinavian cohort, consisting of 16 patients with stage I, 132 patients with stage II, 65 patients with stage III, and 230 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 888 controls. This signature was validated subsequently in an independent case-control cohort in the United States with 15 patients with stage I, 75 patients with stage II, 15 patients with stage III, and 38 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 219 controls. An antibody microarray platform was used to identify the serum biomarker signature associated with early-stage PDAC. Results Using the Scandinavian case-control study, a biomarker signature was created, discriminating samples derived from patients with stage I and II from those from controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. This signature, consisting of 29 biomarkers, was then validated in an independent case-control study in the United States. The biomarker signature could discriminate patients with stage I and II PDAC from controls in this independent patient cohort with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. Conclusion This serum biomarker signature might represent a tenable approach to detecting early-stage, localized PDAC if these findings are supported by a prospective validation study.

scholarly journals The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Lewis J. James
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

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