scholarly journals White Matter Dysconnectivity in Panic Disorder with Early Sexual Abuse History: A Preliminary Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
S. Yu ◽  
◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Abuse History ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Brain

Objective: People who have experienced childhood abuse are more likely to experience frequent or generalized anxiety or panic disorder (PD). Although previous studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate structural abnormalities of brain in subjects with PD, there are no study about the brain white matter (WM) connectivity differences between PD with and without early sexual abuse. The objective of this study is to compare the brain WM connectivity between PD with and without early sexual abuse history. Design and Method: Twelve right-handed patients with PD [12 women; 35.91±10.29 (mean±SD) age] who met the diagnostic criteria in Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV were examined by means of MRI at 3 Tesla. We divided the patients with PD into two groups with and without early sexual abuse to compare the WM connectivity. Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R) were administered in PD patients. Results: Tract-based spatial statistics showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) values in PD with sexual abuse history were significantly higher than PD without abuse in the right internal capsule, superior corona radiata, sagittal stratum, fornix. The scores of PDSS, BDI, ASI-R were significantly correlated in the above-mentioned WM regions. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that early sexual abuse could influence the connectivity among emotion related limbic structures in PD.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Female Panic Disorder with Early Sexual Abuse History

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
K. Kyung Min ◽  
◽  
L. Sang Hyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Marriage Education ◽  
Abuse History ◽  
And Coping

Objective: Research has accumulated over the past several years demonstrating a relationship between childhood trauma such as sexual abuse and female panic disorder (PD). Most of studies have generally suffered from methodological limitations, including small sample size and not controlling for psychiatric comorbidity and suicidality which can influence the clinical characteristics. This study aimed to investigate differences of demographic and clinical characteristics between female PD patients with (PD+S) and without early sexual abuse history (PD-S). Design and Method: We examined data from 101 patients diagnosed with PD. We divided the patients with PD into PD-S (69 patients) and PD+S (32 patients) to compare demographic (age, marriage, education, suicidality history, comorbidity) and clinical characteristics [coping strategies, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Panic disorder severity (PDSS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) - agoraphobia subscale, NEO-neuroticism (NEO-N)]. IBM SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no differences between PD+S group and PD–S group with respect to demographics and coping strategies, BAI, BDI, PDSS and ASI. Compared to the PD-S, PD+S group showed higher levels of neuroticism (p=0.00) and agoraphobia (p=0.04). Conclusions: The current study suggests that female PD+S patients can be associated with neuroticism and agoraphobia. Therefore it may be needed to pay attention to the sexual abuse history in female patients with PD.

On the microstructural origin of brain white matter hydraulic permeability

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (36) ◽  
pp. e2105328118
Author(s):  
Marco Vidotto ◽  
Andrea Bernardini ◽  
Marco Trovatelli ◽  
Elena De Momi ◽  
Daniele Dini
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

Brain microstructure plays a key role in driving the transport of drug molecules directly administered to the brain tissue, as in Convection-Enhanced Delivery procedures. The proposed research analyzes the hydraulic permeability of two white matter (WM) areas (corpus callosum and fornix) whose three-dimensional microstructure was reconstructed starting from the acquisition of electron microscopy images. We cut the two volumes with 20 equally spaced planes distributed along two perpendicular directions, and, on each plane, we computed the corresponding permeability vector. Then, we considered that the WM structure is mainly composed of elongated and parallel axons, and, using a principal component analysis, we defined two principal directions, parallel and perpendicular, with respect to the axons’ main direction. The latter were used to define a reference frame onto which the permeability vectors were projected to finally obtain the permeability along the parallel and perpendicular directions. The results show a statistically significant difference between parallel and perpendicular permeability, with a ratio of about two in both the WM structures analyzed, thus demonstrating their anisotropic behavior. Moreover, we find a significant difference between permeability in corpus callosum and fornix, which suggests that the WM heterogeneity should also be considered when modeling drug transport in the brain. Our findings, which demonstrate and quantify the anisotropic and heterogeneous character of the WM, represent a fundamental contribution not only for drug-delivery modeling, but also for shedding light on the interstitial transport mechanisms in the extracellular space.

6. What do more intelligent brains look like?

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Connections

‘What do more intelligent brains look like?’ considers a study that used data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 to test the strength of the correlation between the general intelligence scores of the participants and different measures of their brain’s structure. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure total brain volume, brain cortical thickness, brain white matter integrity (or health), and brain white matter hyperintensities. The study showed that people who have higher general intelligence tend to have larger brains, thicker grey matter on the surface of the brain, and healthier white matter brain connections. The associations are not strong, but some aspects of brain structure do relate to intelligence test scores.

Microstructural Hyperelastic Characterization of Brain White Matter in Tension

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Ramzanpour ◽  
Mohammad Hosseini-Farid ◽  
Mariusz Ziejewski ◽  
Ghodrat Karami
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibrous Composite ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Stiffness Ratio ◽  
Fibrous Composite Material ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Axons as microstructural constituent elements of brain white matter are highly oriented in extracellular matrix (ECM) in one direction. Therefore, it is possible to model the human brain white matter as a unidirectional fibrous composite material. A micromechanical finite element model of the brain white matter is developed to indirectly measure the brain white matter constituents’ properties including axon and ECM under tensile loading. Experimental tension test on corona radiata conducted by Budday et al. 2017 [1] is used in this study and one-term Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model is applied to characterize its behavior. By the application of genetic algorithm (GA) as a black box optimization method, the Ogden hyperelastic parameters of axon and ECM minimizing the error between numerical finite element simulation and experimental results are measured. Inverse analysis is conducted on the resultant optimized parameters shows high correlation of coefficient (>99%) between the numerical and experimental data which verifies the accuracy of the optimization procedure. The volume fraction of axons in porcine brain white matter is taken to be 52.7% and the stiffness ratio of axon to ECM is perceived to be 3.0. As these values are not accurately known for human brain white matter, we study the material properties of axon and ECM for different stiffness ratio and axon volume fraction values. The results of this study helps to better understand the micromechanical structure of the brain and micro-level injuries such as diffuse axonal injury.

scholarly journals Microsurgical anatomy of the central core of the brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carvalhal Ribas ◽  
Kaan Yağmurlu ◽  
Evandro de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas ◽  
Albert Rhoton
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
External Capsule ◽  
The Brain

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to describe in detail the cortical and subcortical anatomy of the central core of the brain, defining its limits, with particular attention to the topography and relationships of the thalamus, basal ganglia, and related white matter pathways and vessels.METHODSThe authors studied 19 cerebral hemispheres. The vascular systems of all of the specimens were injected with colored silicone, and the specimens were then frozen for at least 1 month to facilitate identification of individual fiber tracts. The dissections were performed in a stepwise manner, locating each gray matter nucleus and white matter pathway at different depths inside the central core. The course of fiber pathways was also noted in relation to the insular limiting sulci.RESULTSThe insular surface is the most superficial aspect of the central core and is divided by a central sulcus into an anterior portion, usually containing 3 short gyri, and a posterior portion, with 2 long gyri. It is bounded by the anterior limiting sulcus, the superior limiting sulcus, and the inferior limiting sulcus. The extreme capsule is directly underneath the insular surface and is composed of short association fibers that extend toward all the opercula. The claustrum lies deep to the extreme capsule, and the external capsule is found medial to it. Three fiber pathways contribute to form both the extreme and external capsules, and they lie in a sequential anteroposterior disposition: the uncinate fascicle, the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, and claustrocortical fibers. The putamen and the globus pallidus are between the external capsule, laterally, and the internal capsule, medially. The internal capsule is present medial to almost all insular limiting sulci and most of the insular surface, but not to their most anteroinferior portions. This anteroinferior portion of the central core has a more complex anatomy and is distinguished in this paper as the “anterior perforated substance region.” The caudate nucleus and thalamus lie medial to the internal capsule, as the most medial structures of the central core. While the anterior half of the central core is related to the head of the caudate nucleus, the posterior half is related to the thalamus, and hence to each associated portion of the internal capsule between these structures and the insular surface. The central core stands on top of the brainstem. The brainstem and central core are connected by several white matter pathways and are not separated from each other by any natural division. The authors propose a subdivision of the central core into quadrants and describe each in detail. The functional importance of each structure is highlighted, and surgical approaches are suggested for each quadrant of the central core.CONCLUSIONSAs a general rule, the internal capsule and its vascularization should be seen as a parasagittal barrier with great functional importance. This is of particular importance in choosing surgical approaches within this region.

Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN ◽  
DAVID M. FERGUSSON ◽  
L. JOHN HORWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. The objectives of the study were to examine linkages between exposure to childhood abuse and interparental violence and the subsequent development of panic attacks and panic disorder using data gathered on a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand young people studied to the age of 21 years.Method. Data on: (a) exposure to child abuse and interparental violence; (b) the development of panic attacks and panic disorder; and (c) other childhood and related factors were gathered over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study.Results. After adjustment for childhood and related factors, exposure to childhood physical abuse was associated with a significantly increased risk of later panic attack (OR 2·3, 95% CI 1·1–4·9) and panic disorder (OR 3·0, 95% CI 1·1–7·9); childhood sexual abuse was associated with a significantly increased risk of panic attack (OR 4·1, 95% CI 2·3–7·2) and a marginally significant increase risk of panic disorder (OR 2·2; 95% CI 0·98–5·0). Exposure to interparental violence was unrelated to later panic attack or disorder after adjustment.Conclusions. Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse was associated with increased risks of later panic attack/disorder even after adjustment for prospectively assessed confounding factors. However, exposure to interparental violence during childhood was not related to increased risk of later panic attack/disorder after adjustment. These data suggest the need for clinicians to be aware that patients with histories of childhood physical and sexual abuse may be at increased risk for panic during young adulthood.

scholarly journals Reorganizations of latency structure within white matter from wakefulness to sleep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Guo ◽  
Fugen Zhou ◽  
Guangyuan Zou ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Qihong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Cross Covariance ◽  
Latency Analysis ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPrevious studies based on resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data have revealed the existence of highly reproducible latency structure, reflecting the propagation of BOLD fMRI signals, in white matter (WM). Here, based on simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from 35 healthy subjects who were instructed to sleep, we explored the alterations of propagations in WM across wakefulness and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages. Lagged cross-covariance was computed among voxel-wise time series, followed by parabolic interpolation to determine the actual latency value in-between. In WM, regions including cerebellar peduncle, internal capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, genu of corpus callosum, and corona radiata, were found to change their temporal roles drastically, as revealed by applying linear mixed-effect model on voxel-wise latency projections across wakefulness and NREM sleep stages. Using these regions as seeds, further seed-based latency analysis revealed that variations of latency projections across different stages were underlain by inconsistent temporal shifts between each seed and the remaining part of WM. Finally, latency analysis on resting-state networks (RSNs), obtained by applying k-means clustering technique on group-level functional connectivity matrix, identified a path of signal propagations similar to previous findings in EEG during wakefulness, which propagated mainly from the brainstem upward to internal capsule and further to corona radiata. This path showed inter-RSN temporal reorganizations depending on the paired stages between which the brain transitioned, e.g., it changed, between internal capsule and corona radiata, from mainly unidirectional to clearly reciprocal when the brain transitioned from wakefulness to N3 stage. These findings suggested the functional role of BOLD signals in white matter as a slow process, dynamically modulated across wakefulness and NREM sleep stages, and involving in maintaining different levels of consciousness and cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Patients With Chronic Migraine Without History of Medication Overuse Are Characterized by a Peculiar White Matter Fiber Bundle Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Antonio Di Renzo ◽  
Emanuele Tinelli ◽  
Barbara Petolicchio ◽  
Cherubino Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal White Matter ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datato investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, theCM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to theMO group, theCM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated withthe widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.

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