scholarly journals Study of Changes in Physical Parameters of compost and vermicompost of Eucalyptus leaf litters

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Ritu Nagar ◽  
Anurag Titov ◽  
Praveesh Bhati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Later Phase

Vermicompost and compost of leaf litter of Eucalyptus was studied in plastic bins in duplicate sets with two different proportions (100 % and 50 %). For vermicompost experiments, epigeic earthworm species Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae were employed at 10-10 numbers each per vermicompost bins. Cattle dung was taken as control. During the entire process physical factors viz. temperature, pH, moisture content and biomass were measured and compaired. The results were reveal that initial temperature was 35°C ± 2°C in both vermicompost and compost leaf litter and after several weeks, it was set at minimum level. In 50 % leaf litter temperature was 2-3°C higher than 100 % leaf litter. pH of both vermicompost and compost mixtures were acidic in beginning phase while set at alkaline at final stage. Vermicompost had lower pH than compost. Moisture content of leaf litter also decreased in initial phase due to generation of metabolic heat but at later phase it was increased due to decreasing of metabolic heat. More changed was seen in 100 % leaf litter followed by 50 % and then cattle dung. Biomass of leaf litter was more decreased in 100 % waste then 50 % and cattle dung.

Physiochemical Analysis of Sandalwood (Santalum Album) Leaf Litters Degraded by Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Praveesh Bhati ◽  
Ritu Nagar ◽  
Anurag Titov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Eudrilus Eugenia ◽  
Set Up

The decay of leaf litter by microflora and fauna furnish nutrient supply to the soil and also uphold ecological sustainability. Applying of proper technique and exploring of result provides information for the betterment of agricultural system. Vermicomposting of Sandalwood (Santalum album) leaf litters were studied with an emphasis of physio-chemical deviation during the process and also compared with 100 % cattle dung. Obtained result explore that temperate of 50 % leaf litter (LL) and 100 % cattle dung (CD) was slightly elevated (37ºC ±1 ºC and 35ºC ±1 ºC respectively) at beginning phase and later came down to ambient level (20ºC±1 ºC). The total organic carbon (TOC) exhausted 44 % in 50 % LL Vermicomposting mixture while 70 % in 100 % CD during the process. At the final stage, TOC found more in 50% LL as compared to 100% CD. Nitrogen content was found 1.02±0.1 in 50 % LL and 0.88±0.1 in 100 % CD at the initial phase but after completion of Vermicomposting, their level was increased up to 40 to 44 %.  pH was also measured during vermicomposting and found 7.2±0.1 in 50% LL while 8.4±0.1 in 100% CD at the initial phase. The at the end of process pH raised and set up to 8.2 ±0.1 in 50% LL while in 100% CD it was found 8.0 ±0.1.

Simulation of Thrombus Formation Process Using Lattice Boltzmann Method With Consideration of Adhesion Force to Wall

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tamagawa
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann Method ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Blood Pumps ◽  
Boltzmann Method ◽  
Rotary Blood Pumps

Recently artificial organs, especially rotary blood pumps, have been developed in the worldwide, but in this development, thrombus occurs in the pumps. In general, the main physical factors of thrombus formation are considered to be shear rate, wall properties for blood’s adhesion. But, there are no proper CFD codes for predicting thrombus formations using physical parameters in shear flows. In this paper, new model for predicting thrombus formation by considering aggregation and adhesion force to the wall by lattice Boltzmann method is proposed, and the trend of thrombus’s adhesion to the wall can be simulated more adequately than that of previous one.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Mushroom Waste Substrate in Producing Vermicompost: The Decomposer Capacity of Lumbricus rubellus, Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Agus Mulyadi Purnawanto ◽  
Yugi R. Ahadiyat ◽  
Achmad Iqbal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Weight Number

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the capacity of Lumbricus rubellus, Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms in vermicompost production utilizing mushroom waste substrate based on weight; number and weight loss of earthworms; temperature; pH; moisture content of media; and C/N ratio. The results showed that, by using 42 g of E. eugeniae, E. fetida and L. rubellus earthworms, there was an increase in weight of earthworms and vermicompost by more than 300% and 75%, respectively. In general, these three species of earthworms were able to produce vermicompost in compliance with quality standards, showing C/N ratio lower than 20.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing based on Reliability for Mobile Ad hoc Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5327-5330
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
And Performance

MANETs is a network which has nodes. Communication is done without use of infrastructure. Quality based routing is developed which considers end to end qualitatiove data communication. A number of protocols were designed and suggested by researchers to achieve effective communication in MANETs. Considering number of quality factors as energy, trust, bandwidth etc a number of protocols are existing. But still there are number of factors those can consider to enhance the performance of the protocols used for the communication purpose. The existing schemes were effective enough but still as factors those were considering only the resources held by a node not the physical factors were present as node is to survive and communication in network. So further enhancements were possible by considering the physical parameters. Inspired from that in this paper a proposed scheme considering physical factor name as Distance is considered as the improvement to the traditional scheme. The distance factor is behaving as finding the physical presence of the node in the network also the distance factor will help to find the appropriate node for the next hop to communicate. A simulation is conducted in MATLAB software and performance factors as throughput and energy are analyzed, also an comparison with existing system is done and the results shows that the proposed scheme is effective enough to achieve QOS based routing with reduced energy consumption and high throughput.

scholarly journals In Situ Determination of Thermal Resistivity of Soil: Case Study of Olorunsogo Power Plant, Southwestern Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Adeyinka Oladunjoye ◽  
Oluseun Adetola Sanuade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria

This study measured in situ the thermal resistivity of soils at Olorunsogo Gas Turbine Power Station (335 MW Phase 1) which is located in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Ten pits, each of about 1.5 m below the ground surface, were established in and around the power plant in order to measure the thermal resistivity of soils in situ. A KD 2-Pro was used for the in situ measurement of thermal properties. Samples were also collected from the ten pits for laboratory determination of the physical parameters that influence thermal resistivity. The samples were subjected to grain size distribution analysis, compaction, specific gravity and porosity tests, moisture content determination, and XRD analysis. Also, thermal resistivity values were calculated by an algorithm using grain size distribution, dry density, and moisture content for comparison with the in situ values. The results show that thermal resistivity values range from 34.07 to 71.88°C-cm/W with an average of 56.43°C-cm/W which falls below the permissible value of 90°C-cm/W for geomaterials. Also, the physical parameters such as moisture content, porosity, degree of saturation, and dry density vary from 13.00 to 16.20%, 39.74 to 45.64%, 40.72 to 63.52%, and 1725.05 to 1930.00 Kg/m3, respectively. The temperature ranges from 28.92 to 35.39°C with an average of 32.11°C in the study area. The calculated thermal resistivity from an algorithm was found to vary from 48.43 to 81.22°C-cm/W with an average of 65.56°C-cm/W which is close to the thermal resistivity values measured in situ. Good correlation exists between the in situ thermal resistivity and calculated thermal resistivity with suggesting that both methods are reliable.

Preservation of the Moringa oleifera Constituents by Freeze-drying

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Semirames Do N. Silva ◽  
Francisco A. C. Almeida ◽  
Josivanda P. Gomes ◽  
Newton C. Santos ◽  
Damião J. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Processing And Storage

Aims: Moringa oleifera is an edible plant. A wide variety of nutritional and medicinal virtues have been attributed to its roots, barks, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the preservation of the constituents of the powder obtained from the moringa seeds by freeze-drying comparing it with the in natura (natural extract). Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil, in the period from August to November 2018. Methodology: The seeds were peeled and macerated manually. Freeze-drying was done in a Liotop® L101 benchtop freeze drier. After dehydration the samples were disintegrated and the physical and physico-chemical constituents were evaluated before and after freeze-drying in terms of apparent density, real density, porosity, compacted density, compressibility index, Hausner factor, solubility, moisture content and activity, ash, titratable total acidity, pH, protein, lipids and carbohydrates. Results: The in natura powder presented better results for the physical analyzes of the densities: apparent, real and compacted, however, it was observed that for the other physical parameters and physicochemical constituents the freeze-drying promoted the preservation of these in front of the in natura. Freeze-drying caused a significant reduction in moisture content, pH and lipid activity, making the powders more stable and contributing to the maintenance of their physico-chemical qualities. The inverse was observed for the ash, protein and carbohydrate contents, where freeze-drying promoted increases in their contents. Conclusion: Freeze-drying presents as an appropriate method in the preservation of moringa constituents, with emphasis on physicochemical.

Temperature profiles with respect to inhomogeneity and geometry of the human body

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Werner ◽  
M. Buse
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Temperature profiles within the human body are highly dependent on the geometry and inhomogeneity of the body. Physical parameters such as density and heat conductivity of the various tissues and variables such as blood flow and metabolic heat production of different organs are spatially distributed and thereby influence the temperature profiles within the human body. Actual physiological knowledge allows one to take into account up to 54 different spatially distributed values for each parameter. An adequate representation of the anatomy of the body requires a spatial three-dimensional grid of at least 0.5-1.0 cm. This is achieved by photogrammetric treatment of three-dimensional anatomic models of the human body. As a first essential result, the simulation system has produced a realistic picture of the topography of temperatures under neutral conditions. Compatibility of reality and simulation was achieved solely on the basis of physical considerations and physiological data base. Therefore the simulation is suited to the extrapolation of temperature profiles that cannot be obtained experimentally.

scholarly journals Classification of Different Blueberry Cultivars by Analysis of Physical Factors, Chemical and Nutritional Ingredients, and Antioxidant Capacities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Juan Song ◽  
Qiong Shi ◽  
Si-Min Yan ◽  
Hai-Yan Fu ◽  
Si-Zhan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Nutritional Components

Blueberry fruits of different cultivars are featured with different quality indices. In this work, three types of quality factors, including 6 physical parameters, 12 chemical and nutritional components, and 3 antioxidant indices, were measured to compare and classify blueberry fruits from 12 different cultivars in China. Using the autoscaled data of quality factors, unsupervised principal component analysis was performed for exploratory analysis of intercultivar differences and the influences of quality factors. A supervised classification method, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), was combined with the global particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and two multiclass strategies, one-versus-rest (OVR) and one-versus-one (OVO), to select discriminative quality factors and develop classification models of the 12 cultivars. As a result, OVO-PLSDA with 8 quality factors could achieve the classification accuracy of 0.915. This study will provide new insights into the quality variations and key factors among different blueberry cultivars.

Extraction and characterization of Ethiopian palm leaf fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn Atalie ◽  
Rotich K. Gideon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Palm Leaf

Purpose This study aims at extracting and characterizing palm leaf fibers from Elaeis guineensis species of palm trees found in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach The fibers were extracted using three methods: manually, through water retting and chemically with sodium hydroxide. Physical parameters of the extracted fibers were evaluated, including tensile strength, fiber fineness, moisture content, degradation point and functional groups. Its cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents were also analyzed. Findings The results showed that the palm leaf fibers have a comparable fiber strength (170-450 MPa), elongation (0.95-1.25 per cent), fiber length (230-500 mm) and moisture regain (8-10 per cent) to jute, sisal and flax and thus can be used for technical textile application. Originality/value The fibers extracted using the water retting method had better properties than the other extraction methods. Its fiber length of 307 mm, cellulose content of 58 per cent, strength of 439 MPa and elongation of 1.24 per cent were the highest for all the extracted fibers. When compared with other fibers, palm leaf fiber properties such as tensile strength (439 MPa), elongation (1.24 per cent), moisture content (7.9-10.4 per cent and degradation point (360-380°C) were consistent with those of jute, sisal and ramie fibers. Hence, palm leaf fibers can be used for technical textile applications such as composite reinforcement.

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