Physiochemical Analysis of Sandalwood (Santalum Album) Leaf Litters Degraded by Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Praveesh Bhati ◽  
Ritu Nagar ◽  
Anurag Titov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Eudrilus Eugenia ◽  
Set Up

The decay of leaf litter by microflora and fauna furnish nutrient supply to the soil and also uphold ecological sustainability. Applying of proper technique and exploring of result provides information for the betterment of agricultural system. Vermicomposting of Sandalwood (Santalum album) leaf litters were studied with an emphasis of physio-chemical deviation during the process and also compared with 100 % cattle dung. Obtained result explore that temperate of 50 % leaf litter (LL) and 100 % cattle dung (CD) was slightly elevated (37ºC ±1 ºC and 35ºC ±1 ºC respectively) at beginning phase and later came down to ambient level (20ºC±1 ºC). The total organic carbon (TOC) exhausted 44 % in 50 % LL Vermicomposting mixture while 70 % in 100 % CD during the process. At the final stage, TOC found more in 50% LL as compared to 100% CD. Nitrogen content was found 1.02±0.1 in 50 % LL and 0.88±0.1 in 100 % CD at the initial phase but after completion of Vermicomposting, their level was increased up to 40 to 44 %.  pH was also measured during vermicomposting and found 7.2±0.1 in 50% LL while 8.4±0.1 in 100% CD at the initial phase. The at the end of process pH raised and set up to 8.2 ±0.1 in 50% LL while in 100% CD it was found 8.0 ±0.1.

scholarly journals Epigraphic Squeezes: Digitisation, Publication, and Enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Eloisa Paganoni
Keyword(s):  
Relational Database ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Database Architecture ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Greek Epigraphy

"Epigraphic squeezes are a key tool for research and teaching. They also have historical and documentary value. They are reliable copies of inscribed text and become the only evidence that remains if inscriptions are lost or destroyed. This paper describes the Venice Squeeze Project for the preservation and enhancement of epigraphic squeezes in the Department of Humanities at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. For the initial phase of the project, the Ca’ Foscari University collection of epigraphic squeezes was published in the digital ektypotheke E-stampages. The current phase involves developing a web application to digitise epigraphic squeezes according to the metadata architecture of E-stampages. The first part of this paper describes the background of the Venice Squeeze Project and methodological issues, which fostered the partnership with E-stampages. The second part describes the relational database that was set up to digitise the Ca’ Foscari collection. The third part introduces the project initiatives to promote a network of Italian institutions interested in digitizing their collections of epigraphic squeezes. Keywords: Greek epigraphy, squeezes, database architecture"

scholarly journals Study of Changes in Physical Parameters of compost and vermicompost of Eucalyptus leaf litters

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Ritu Nagar ◽  
Anurag Titov ◽  
Praveesh Bhati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Later Phase

Vermicompost and compost of leaf litter of Eucalyptus was studied in plastic bins in duplicate sets with two different proportions (100 % and 50 %). For vermicompost experiments, epigeic earthworm species Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae were employed at 10-10 numbers each per vermicompost bins. Cattle dung was taken as control. During the entire process physical factors viz. temperature, pH, moisture content and biomass were measured and compaired. The results were reveal that initial temperature was 35°C ± 2°C in both vermicompost and compost leaf litter and after several weeks, it was set at minimum level. In 50 % leaf litter temperature was 2-3°C higher than 100 % leaf litter. pH of both vermicompost and compost mixtures were acidic in beginning phase while set at alkaline at final stage. Vermicompost had lower pH than compost. Moisture content of leaf litter also decreased in initial phase due to generation of metabolic heat but at later phase it was increased due to decreasing of metabolic heat. More changed was seen in 100 % leaf litter followed by 50 % and then cattle dung. Biomass of leaf litter was more decreased in 100 % waste then 50 % and cattle dung.

scholarly journals Could We Stop Killing?—Exploring a Post-Lethal Vegan or Vegetarian Agriculture

World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Stefan Mann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

This paper explores both the necessities and the options for an agricultural system in which no animals are killed by reviewing existing literature. It first identifies a causal chain which can be labelled as vegan wave and which might generate a consensus that animals should not be killed for human consumption. By raising issues of nutrient supply, grassland management and beekeeping, the paper shows that vegan-organic agriculture, vegan-conventional agriculture and post-lethal vegetarian agriculture are three options for such a pathway. Yet, many technical and socioeconomic questions still need to be resolved.

The American Farmer in the Eighteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lyman Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

The book argues that all eighteenth-century farmers sought first and foremost to provide basic subsistence for their families. The first aim of all farmers was self-provisioning. Even large planters who exported tobacco or wheat and purchased luxuries sought to provision themselves with their own labor on their own land. All farmers also engaged in trade to obtain what they could not make for themselves. They were subsistence and market farmers at the same time. Besides providing for themselves year by year, farmers hoped to set up their children on farms. With older children coming into the workforce, farmers could acquire enough to provide for those children as they left the family. Tragically, family farming with its assurance of security required ever more land, resulting in the relentless expulsion of Native Americans from their possessions. Within this basic North American farming system, agricultural regimens differed greatly from section to section. Slavery prevailed from Georgia to Maryland because warm winters allowed farmers to use their work force all year around, justifying the cost of slaves. From Pennsylvania northward, farmers relied on family or on cottagers who could be dismissed in winter.The cultural and political division between North and South corresponded to the contours of the climate-based growing season. This agricultural system changed little until after 1800, when the growing urban populations motivated farmers to develop new and more profitable crops. Farmers benefited from expanding markets which enabled them to purchase the goods necessary to achieve middle-class respectability. Although gradually eroded, self-provisioning persisted until after World War II, when it was largely abandoned.

scholarly journals The effect of urea on epigeic earthworm species (Eisenia foetida)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
WONECA LONG ◽  
ABDULLAH ANSARI ◽  
DIANA SEECHARRAN
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Earthworm Population ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Treatment Dosage

Long W, Ansari A, Seecharran D. 2017. The effect of urea on epigeic earthworm species (Eisenia foetida). Cell Biol Dev 1: 46-50. The use of chemical fertilizers in intensive agriculture has no doubt increased crop production but it has resulted in adverse effect on soil properties over a long period of time. The effects are clearly seen in the soil environment including the soil organisms living in that ecosystem. This study was conducted to determine effects of Urea on epigeic earthworm species (Eisenia foetida) in clay soil. A total of five doses of Urea were used i.e 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 250mg. They were labelled as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. A control group was also set up and the treatment groups were replicated three times. The results indicated that the addition of urea affected the soil chemical properties in treatments inoculated with earthworms (Eisenia foetida). The adult earthworm population was 70% in control when compared to different treatment dosage of Urea 50 mg/kg (T1)-85%, 100 mg/kg (T2)-66.67%, 150 mg/kg (T3)- 68.34%, 200 mg/kg (T4)- 86.67% and 250 mg/kg (T5)- 51.67%. The percentage mortality minimum in treatment T4 and T1 whereas it was maximum in treatment T5 (48%). 250 mg/kg was the most toxic dose of Urea in the soil inoculated with earthworms. The results were significant at p=0.05.

scholarly journals Degradación de hojarasca y aporte de nutrientes del manglar en la Laguna Mecoacán, Golfo de México

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jony R. Torres V. ◽  
Dulce Infante-Mata ◽  
Alberto J. Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Espinoza-Tenorio ◽  
Everardo Barba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Litter Degradation ◽  
Highly Correlated

Leaf litter degradation and nutrient supply in the mangroves of Mecoacán Lagoon, Gulf of Mexico. Mangroves are ecosystems with a high primary productivity that is mainly driven mainly by degradation processes. Energy (nutrients) flows from mangroves toward adjacent zones and the surrounding aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to estimate the daily degradation coefficient (k) of mangrove leaves in relation to physical-chemical soil factors and in situ nutrient supply (phosphorus and nitrogen) in Mecoacán Lagoon, Gulf of Mexico. Leaf litter degradation bags were placed at six monthly monitoring sites to evaluate degradation and to calculate the corresponding degradation coefficients. A rapid degradation of up to 51 % was observed for Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn during the first month in association with leaching resulting from flood conditions. The degradation of Rhizophora mangle (L.) (k= 0.0052±0.0002) (F= 12.2 p< 0.05 n= 216) and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn (k= 0.005±0.0003) (F= 3.7 p= 0.2 n= 108), differed significantly from that of A. germinans (k= 0.009 ± 0.0003) (F= 1.2 p= 0.2 n= 216) did not present significant differences. To reach T50 degradation, R. mangle and L. racemosa required more time (133 and 138 days, respectively) than A. germinans (74 days). Organic matter and soil humidity were significantly correlated with the decay constant of A. germinans (r= 0.65 p< 0.05 and r= 0.55 p< 0.05, respectively). Total nitrogen content was highest in the Pajaral site (2 683 mg.kg) and was also highly correlated with organic matter content (r= 0.9 p= 0.003). Total phosphorus content was highest in the Boca site (2 031 mg.kg) and was also negatively correlated with pH (r= -0.61 p= 0.004). In conclusion, differences in the rate of mangrove leaf degradation depend on the involved species (leaf composition), time of exposure or immersion in water (flooding patterns) and sediment heterogeneity (i.e., texture, pH, humidity content and bulk density). Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 892-907. Epub 2018 June 01. 

scholarly journals The effect of potassium fertilization on the inner values of spice pepper

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Irinyi ◽  
J. Kapitány ◽  
I. Terbe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

To reserve the fertility of soil is the basic condition of successful cultivation. The field specific nutrient supply, based on soil tests is very important in both economy and ecology aspects. Spice pepper plants have high nutrient demands. Proper nutrient supply has importance not only from the point of potential yield levels, but make a major contribution to quality. This is the reason which necessitates the rational development of nutrient supply as an the elements of the production technology. Our objective was to offer a contribution to this job through our nutrient trials. Experiments on the nutrient supply of spice pepper were set up in the 2005 growing season in order to decide whether yields and fruit composition parameters of pepper could be increased by means of increased K fertiliser closes with lower N:K ratios. Several forms of potassium were used, as well as applying microelement top dressings in the single treatments. It was found that higher K doses lead to increased yields, and the influence on dry matter and pigment content proved beneficial too. Potassium applied in the form of patentkali seemed to be better than in that of potassium-sulphate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document