Cold Chain Maintenance and Vaccine Stock Management Practices at Public Health Centers Providing Child Immunization Services in Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Multi-Centered, Mixed Method Approach

AbstrakDiskriminasi dan stigmatisasi terhadap ODHA telah dilaporkan terjadi di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta.\Tujuan dari penelitianini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan HIV, keyakinan agama, dan persepsi perawat tentang HIV-stigma mempengaruhisikap terhadap ODHA. Studi deskriptif korelatif dengan menggunakan mix method dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan.Sampel 326 perawat yang merawat ODHA dari 4 rumah sakit dan 5 pusat kesehatan masyarakat di Jakarta, direkrut menggunakanteknik convenience. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sikap terhadap ODHA secara signifikan berbeda antara perawat yang memilikipelatihan HIV dan yang tidak (p= 0,001; α= 0,05), bekerja di rumah sakit dan Puskesmas (p= 0,01; α= 0,05), perawat dengan latarbelakang pendidikan yang berbeda (p= 0,05; α= 0,05), dan perawat yang merasa kompeten atau tidak kompeten untuk merawatODHA (p= 0,001; α= 0,05). Peningkatan pengetahuan HIV diperlukan perawat untuk menurunkan stigma pasien ODHA.Kata kunci: Indonesia, perawat, stigma HIVAbstractDiscrimination and stigmatization towards PLWH has been documented in some hospitals in Jakarta. The purpose of thisstudy is to determine the extent to which the nurses’ HIV knowledge, religious beliefs, and their perception of HIV-stigmaaffect their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Descriptive correlative study with using mixed method in collecting data was used. Aconvenience sample of 326 nurses who are working with PLWH from 4 hospitals and 5 public health centers in Jakarta,Indonesia were recruited. The result shows that attitudes toward PLWH were significantly different between nurses who hadHIV training and not (p= 0.001; α= 0,05), works in hospitals and public health centers (p= 0.01; α= 0.05), nurses withdifferent educational background (p= 0.05; α= 0.05), and nurses who perceived that they are competent or not competent tocare PLWH (p= 0.001; α= 0.05). Increase of HIV knowledge required nurses to reduce PLWH patient’s stigma.Keywords: Indonesia, Nurses, HIV-stigma

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Organization of immunization services for public health

10.33442/vt202118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yauba Saidu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Immunization Service ◽

Immunization Services

Immunization is a key public health intervention that can help nations attain Goal #3 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals as vaccines already prevent about 2–3 million deaths each year. To be effective, immunization services must be designed and delivered in a way to reach populations who need them, irrespective of who they are and where they live. Effective national immunization systems must have clear plans based on a vision of the future and a step-by-step process on how the vision will be translated into reality. Such plans are structured around eight topics that go beyond vaccine licensure and recommendations, including management, financing, logistics, human resources, service delivery, vaccine supply and quality, disease surveillance, advocacy and communication. The cold chain system is the backbone of any immunization program and consists of a network of equipment, material, people, processes, and financial resources that enable safe transportation of vaccines from the factory to the point of administration to the patient. Immunization service delivery includes any strategies and activities for delivering immunization service to a target population. Introduction of a new vaccine in a country program requires coordinated decision-making, considering the burden of disease, the characteristics of the respective vaccine and the capacity of the immunization system to deliver it. Adverse Events Following Immunization is another key component as documentation of vaccine safety is crucial for trust in a vaccination program. Scientifically valid and timely burden-of-disease surveillance as well as vaccine uptake data are core functions of any vaccination program and needed for information of the public and for timely actions.

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Availability and Utilization of WHO Lifesaving Medicines for Children under Five in Public Health Facilities of the Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2020/3505672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tidenek Mulugeta Tujo ◽

Tadesse Gudeta Gurmu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Centers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

The Past ◽

Jimma Zone ◽

Almost All ◽

Medicines For Children

Background. The increased morbidity and mortality rates in children under five in developing countries are mostly attributed to poor availability and failure of prescribing lifesaving medicines. This study was aimed at evaluating the availability and utilization of the WHO-recommended priority lifesaving medicines for children under five in public health facilities. Method. A cross-sectional survey complemented with a qualitative method was conducted in 14 health centers and four hospitals in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. In the facilities, we assessed the availability within the last half year and on the day of the visit. Utilization of the medicines was assessed through a review of patient records of the last one year. Twelve in-depth interviews were carried out to collect the qualitative data, and the analysis was executed using thematic analysis. Results. For treatment of pneumonia, amoxicillin dispersible tablets and gentamycin injection were available in 94.4% of the facilities. For treatment of malaria, artemether/lumefantrine was available in 61.1% of the facilities. For pain management, paracetamol tablets were available in 94.4% of the facilities. AZT+3TC+NEV for HIV/AIDS management was available in all facilities. At least one essential medicine was out of stock in the past six months with the average duration of 33.6 days in health centers and 28.25 days in hospitals. Oral rehydration salt and zinc (84.7%) and AZT+3TC+NEV (100%) had better utilization. However, for almost all cases, other nonpriority medicines were highly prescribed. Lack of administrative commitment, supply of near expiry products, complexity of diseases, and lack of customized child formulations were among the challenges of availability and utilization of those medicines. Conclusions. The overall availability of lifesaving medicines on the day of the visit was fairly good but with poor utilization in almost all facilities. Some products were not available for considerable length of time in the past six months.

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Cost of provision of essential health Services in Public Health Centers of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia; a provider perspective, the pointer for major area of public expenditure

Health Economics Review ◽

10.1186/s13561-021-00334-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diriba Feyisa ◽

Kiddus Yitbarek ◽

Teferi Daba

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Annual Cost ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Health Centers ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Total Annual Cost ◽

Jimma Zone ◽

Cost Center ◽

Provider Perspective

Abstract Background Provision of up-to-date cost information is crucial for not only addressing knowledge gap on the cost of essential health services (EHS) but also budgeting, allocating adequate resources and improving institutional efficiency at public health centers where basic health services are delivered the most. Objective To analyze the costs of essential health services at public health centers in Jimma Zone. Methods A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in public health centers of Jimma zone from April 10, 2018 to May 9, 2018. The study was conducted from a provider perspective using retrospective standard costing approach of one fiscal year time horizon. Step-down allocation was used to allocate costs to final services. All costs for provision EHS were taken into account and expressed in United States dollar (USD). Sixteen public health centers located in eight districts were randomly selected for the study. Results The Average annual cost of providing essential health services at health centers in Jimma zone was USD 109,806.03 ± 50,564.9. Most (83.7%) of the total Annual cost was spent on recurrent items. Nearly half (45%) of total annual cost was incurred by personnel followed by drugs and consumables that accounted around one third (29%) of the total Annual cost. Around two third (65.9%) of the total annual cost was incurred for provision of EHS at the final cost center. The average overall unit cost was USD 7.4 per EHS per year. Conclusion Cost providing an EHS at public health centers was low and so, necessitating funding of significant resources to provide standard health care. The variability in unit costs and cost components for EHS also suggest that the potential exists to be more efficient via better use of both human and material resources.

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Using complexity and volatility characteristics to guide hybrid project management

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business ◽

10.1108/ijmpb-06-2020-0187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Silvana Costantini ◽

Jon G. Hall ◽

Lucia Rapanotti

Keyword(s):

Project Management ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Management Practices ◽

Current Practice ◽

Small Scale ◽

Primary Research ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Type ◽

Method Approach ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeThe paper aims to provide methodological support for hybrid project management, in which the discipline of predictive methodologies combines with the flexibility of adaptive ones. Specifically, the paper explores the extent complexity and volatility dimensions of organisational problems inform choices of PM methodologies both theoretically and in current practice, as a first step towards better methodological support for hybridisation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes a mixed method approach, including both secondary research and primary research with practitioners. Primary research consists of a small scale survey (n = 31) followed by semi-structured interviews, with findings triangulated against secondary evidence.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights on how complexity and volatility of organisational problems can inform hybrid project management practices. Specifically, it suggests a mapping between volatility and complexity dimensions and predictive and adaptive risk controls as a first step towards the systematisation of hybrid combinations in projects.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the small participant sample, the research results may lack generalisability.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of methodological support for setting up hybrid projects in practice.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a gap acknowledged both in the literature and by practitioners.

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Evaluation of vaccine storage and cold chain management practices during intensified mission Indradhanush in community health centers of Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 823

Author(s):

Ram K. Panika ◽

Pankaj Prasad ◽

Sunil Nandeshwar

Keyword(s):

Community Health Centers ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Voltage Stabilizer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chain Management ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Shake Test ◽

Immunization Services

Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective disease prevention strategies and potency of vaccine is dependent on effective management of cold chain at all levels of vaccine handling. An effective cold chain maintenance system is the backbone of success of any immunization program. This study was done to assess the cold chain management and vaccine storage practices in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh.Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out using a structured questionnaire.Results: Dedicated room/space for dry storage not available in any of 03 CHCs. Dedicated table for conditioning of icepacks, dedicated clean clothes for wiping of icepacks after conditioning and power back up was available, ILR and DF were connected to separate functional voltage stabilizer and thermometers were placed correctly only in 66.6% CHCs. ILRs and DFs were properly placed, cabinet temperature of ILR and DFs was maintained in normal range in all the three (100%) CHCs. Record of power failure, records of defrosting/cleaning was maintained in temperature log book and cold chain handlers had knowledge of shake test in only 33.3% CHC.Conclusions: Proper vaccine storage and management of cold chain system is essential for immunization. In order to improve quality of immunization services there is a need of space, temperature monitoring and regular defrosting with record keeping and regular training of cold chain handlers to keep their knowledge and skills updated. Monitoring and supervision of cold chain points by DIO should be on regular basis.

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Quality of Medical Records in Public Health Facilities of Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southwest, Ethiopia 2021

10.21203/rs.3.rs-864716/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nigusu Endashaw ◽

Bezawit Birhanu ◽

Melese Teka ◽

Gelila Abrham

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Medical Records ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Health Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Jimma Zone

Abstract Background: Comprehensive medical records are cornerstones in the quality and efficiency of patient care, as they can provide a complete and accurate chronology of treatments, patient results, and future plans for care. The study was aimed to assess the quality of medical records in public health facilities of Jimma Zone. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study design supplemented by a qualitative method was used from May 30 to July 29, 2020. A total of 384 medical records were reviewed by using the facility inventory form for quantitative data. The data was entered by EPI data 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 23 and descriptive statistics were used to present the findings. Qualitative data were triangulated with the quantitative data.Result: The majority of the health facility has a shortage of trained and qualified recording personnel in the medical record department. Among 36 health facilities, only one facility have printer in the record room and 3(8%) of them have tracer card. The overall quality of medical records in terms of content completeness as per the standard of health facilities requirements for districts, hospitals, and health centers were 30.62%, 39.49%, 25.79% respectively. Conclusion: The majority of medical records had poor completeness of administrative data, clinical, financial, and legal contents. The overall quality of medical records in Jimma Zone was very low for components of the quality of medical records as per the standard of health facilities requirements.

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Public Health Communication and Engagement on Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.31219/osf.io/7hypj ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Teichmann ◽

Sean Nossek ◽

Aengus Bridgman ◽

Peter John Loewen ◽

Taylor Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Evidence Based Practices ◽

Public Health Communication ◽

Government Communication ◽

Health Related ◽

Cross Platform ◽

Method Approach

Social media provides governments the opportunity to directly communicate with their constituents. During a pandemic, reaching as many citizens as possible with health messaging is critical to reducing the spread of the disease. This study evaluates efforts to spread healthcare information by Canadian local, provincial, and federal governments during the first five months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collect all health-related communications coming from government accounts on Facebook and Twitter and analyze the data using a nested mixed method approach. We first identify quantifiable features linked with citizen engagement, before subsequently performing content analysis on outlier posts. We make two critical contributions to existing knowledge about government communication, particularly during public health crises. We identify cross-platform variations in strategy effectiveness and draw attention to specific, evidence-based practices that can increase engagement with government health information.

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Application of mixed method approach in public health research

Indian Journal of Community Medicine ◽

10.4103/0970-0218.173495 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Manmeet Kaur

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Health Research ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Mixed Method Approach ◽

Method Approach

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Structure and Process Evaluation of Cold Chain Management and Routine Immunization Services in Rural Western Gujarat

Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine ◽

10.51152/jbarbiomed.v6i2.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

Pithadia Pradeep R ◽

Shah Viral R ◽

Makwana Naresh R ◽

Parmar Dipesh

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Skills Training ◽

Health Centers ◽

Routine Immunization ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Immunization Program ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Primary Health ◽

Immunization Services

Maintenance of cold chain points are vital for preserving potency of vaccines for immunization of children and thereby averting vaccine preventable diseases in the community. Cold chain handlers should have sufficient knowledge and skills related to cold chain equipment handling and immunization practices. The present study aims to evaluate maintenance of cold chain facilities at primary health care centers (PHCs), related logistics and observation of Mamta Day (Immunization Day). The observations include knowledge and practice of health workers about immunization activities, their communication skills, training status etc. Methods: There are total 31 Primary Health Centers in Jamnagar district, out of which, we decided to include 50% (15) of primary health centers and observed their cold chain, and Immunization day at a subcentre or Anganwadi centre of the selected PHC to assess the quality of immunization services. We included equal number of cold chain points from each block of the district to make it representative of entire district. Results: Average population served by a cold chain point is 21985. Vaccine related logistics like cold boxes, vaccine carriers etc. were adequate in all facilities. All cold chain equipments were placed as per standard guidelines. The posts of medical officers and pharmacists were vacant in almost one fourth of cold chain points and they were run on deputation from other facilities. The knowledge and skills of health workers related to immunization practices were found to be satisfactory. Conclusion: We observed that routine immunization program was implementing in the district satisfactorily. The posts of medical officers and pharmacists need to be filled up at the earliest for smooth functioning of immunization program in primary health centres.

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