scholarly journals First ever report on the antimicrobial activities of some selected mangrove halophytes of Sundarban against milk spoilage microflora

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mukherjee ◽  
Subhajit Das ◽  
Sabyasachi Chakraborty ◽  
Anwesa De ◽  
Tarun Kumar De
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Spoilage Microflora

The study was governed by the objective of investigating the antimicrobial effects of mangrove leaf extracts. The fresh and dried leaf extracts from Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Avicennia officinalis L., Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco, Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., Acanthus ilicifolius L, Lumnitzera racemosa Willd., Excoecaria agallocha L. and Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham. were found to have inhibitory effects on the milk spoilage microflora obtained from curd sample. Methanol and Acetone were used as extraction solvents and in comparison, extracts by acetone were observed to suppress the microbial growth to lesser extents. Leaf extracts of A. marina, A. officinalis L. racemosa and A. rotundifolia were able to exert relatively greater inhibitory effect on the milk spoilage microbial broth than others, although all the species expressed some degree of suppression. Interestingly A. rotundifolia, S. apetala, L. racemosa and E. agallocha demonstrated greater efficiency in formation of larger growth inhibition zones on the petri plates. The extracts obtained from dry leaves produced greater adverse effects of the microbes than the raw leaf extracts. The data generated were analyzed with the help of 'ANOVA: Single factor' and 'F-test: Two sample for variance' and data sets were of statistical significance at 0.05 level of significance as null hypothesis was rejected.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Vegetasi Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Bahan Pengayaan Mata Kuliah Ekologi Lahan Basah

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Hardiansyah Hardiansyah ◽  
Noorhidayati Noorhidayati ◽  
Mahrudin Mahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Wetland Ecology ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Descriptive Method

One of the habitats in the wetlands is the Ecosystem of Mangrove which has a diversity of flora and fauna. This study aims to describe the diversity of vegetation in the mangrove forest area of Sungai Rasau Village, Tanah Laut Regency and obtain valid and practical handout teaching materials. The research method used is descriptive method and development research. The main subjects of this study were 2 experts and 5 students as test subjects. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the tree vegetation of Sonneratia alba, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Heritiera littoralis, Avicennia marina, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia caseolaris with a diversity index of 1,848 (medium). Shrubs and herbs, Derris trifociata Acanthus ilicifolius L, Pluchea indica L, Galinsoga parviflora, Cyperus kyllinga, and Fimbristylis dichotoma have moderate diversity index (H'=1.662). The handout developed "Diversity of Mangrove Vegetation in Sungai Rasau Village, Tanah Laut Regency" as Enrichment Material for Wetland Ecology Courses has very valid criteria with very good legibility tests.

scholarly journals Habitat Management Based on Mangrove Sensitivity Assesment in Tulungagung Coastal Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 007 (02) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Dhira K. Saputra ◽  
◽  
Bambang Semedi ◽  
Arief Darmawan ◽  
Oktiyas Muzakky Luthfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Acanthus Ebracteatus ◽  
Avicennia Alba

Tulungagung reflects the typical conditions of southern coast of Java, which dominated bay small bays with thin layer of superficial mud sediments and bordered by hilly terrain. Mangrove distribution in Tulungagung located in there locations, Brumbun Beach, Gerangan Beach and Sine Beach. This research aimed to identify the forest structure, habitat sensitivity and completed with management plan in each location. Data collected includes vegetation structure, hydrooceanography, environmental pressure and anthropogenic activities. An interesting finding is that, despite its narrow areas (2,24 Ha), mangroves in Tulungagung have high species diversity (11 species of true mangrove includes Acanthus ebracteatus, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizopora stylosa dan Sonneratia alba). Rm and Rs stands dominated by >7m height with canopy cover range from 79,4-89,6%. Geomorphological settings and limited mud supply are the primary challenges for mangrove habitat in Tulungagung. On the other hand, observation conservation status and local stakeholders involvement show the need for improvement of mangrove management in Tulungagung coastal areas.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia Leaf Extracts to Acne-Developing Organisms

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Qa'dan ◽  
Abdul-Jalil Thewaini ◽  
Dalia A. Ali ◽  
Rana Afifi ◽  
Abdalla Elkhawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

This study aims to present the in vitro inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts on the main developer of acne lesions, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and other organisms that are isolated from acne lesions. Thirty-eight subjects (males and females) who had various types of acne were enrolled in the study. The contents of the acne lesions were cultured and the frequency of P. acnes (alone and with Staphylococci spp.) was 47%, whereas the frequencies for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 13% and 24%, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts, determined by disk diffusion method (zone of inhibition), were compared to tea tree oil (TTO), doxycycline and clindamycin antibiotics. The zones of inhibition due to the Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts ranged from 15.8–17.6 mm against P. acnes, 11.3–15.7 mm against S. aureus and 12.9–15.5 mm against S. epidermidis, respectively. These zones of inhibition were significantly higher than those of TTO and equivalent in case of Staphylococci spp., but less in case of P. acnes, to those obtained from doxycycline or clindamycin. It can be concluded that Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts may be beneficial in treating acne especially when they are known to have anti-inflammatory activities.

Effect of human galanin on the response of circulating catecholamines to hypoglycemia in man

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore C degli Uberti ◽  
Maria R Ambrosio ◽  
Marta Bondanelli ◽  
Giorgio Transforini ◽  
Alberto Valentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Receptor Stimulation

degli Uberti EC, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Trasforini G, Valentini A, Rossi R, Margutti A, Campo M. Effect of human galanin on the response of circulating catecholamines to hypoglycemia in man. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:723–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Human galanin (hGAL) is a neuropeptide with 30 amino acid residues that has been found in the peripheral and central nervous system, where it often co-exists with catecholamines. In order to clarify the possible role of hGAL in the regulation of sympathoadrenomedullary function, the effect of a 60 min infusion of hGAL (80 pmol·kg−1 · min−1) on plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nine healthy subjects was investigated. Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance. Human GAL significantly increased the heart rate in resting conditions and clearly exaggerated the heart rate response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it had no effect on the blood pressure. We conclude that GAL receptor stimulation exerts an inhibitory effect on basal and insulin-induced hypoglycemia-stimulated release of norepinephrine. These findings provide further evidence that GAL may modulate sympathetic nerve activity in man but that it does not play an important role in the regulation of adrenal medullary function. Ettore C degli Uberti, Chair of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy

scholarly journals Do galactic bars depend on environment?: an information theoretic analysis of Galaxy Zoo 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 994-1001
Author(s):  
Suman Sarkar ◽  
Biswajit Pandey ◽  
Snehasish Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Theoretic

ABSTRACT We use an information theoretic framework to analyse data from the Galaxy Zoo 2 project and study if there are any statistically significant correlations between the presence of bars in spiral galaxies and their environment. We measure the mutual information between the barredness of galaxies and their environments in a volume limited sample (Mr ≤ −21) and compare it with the same in data sets where (i) the bar/unbar classifications are randomized and (ii) the spatial distribution of galaxies are shuffled on different length scales. We assess the statistical significance of the differences in the mutual information using a t-test and find that both randomization of morphological classifications and shuffling of spatial distribution do not alter the mutual information in a statistically significant way. The non-zero mutual information between the barredness and environment arises due to the finite and discrete nature of the data set that can be entirely explained by mock Poisson distributions. We also separately compare the cumulative distribution functions of the barred and unbarred galaxies as a function of their local density. Using a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, we find that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected even at $75{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence level. Our analysis indicates that environments do not play a significant role in the formation of a bar, which is largely determined by the internal processes of the host galaxy.

scholarly journals The Phytochemical Analysis of Vinca L. Species Leaf Extracts Is Correlated with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3040
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ciorîță ◽  
Cezara Zăgrean-Tuza ◽  
Augustin C. Moț ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Marcel Pârvu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration

The phytochemical analysis of Vinca minor, V. herbacea, V. major, and V. major var. variegata leaf extracts showed species-dependent antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects correlated with the identified phytoconstituents. Vincamine was present in V. minor, V. major, and V. major var. variegata, while V. minor had the richest alkaloid content, followed by V. herbacea. V. major var. variegata was richest in flavonoids and the highest total phenolic content was found in V. herbacea which also had elevated levels of rutin. Consequently, V. herbacea had the highest antioxidant activity followed by V. major var. variegata. Whereas, the lowest one was of V. major. The V. minor extract showed the most efficient inhibitory effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, V. herbacea had a good anti-bacterial potential only against S. aureus, which was most affected at morphological levels, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. The Vinca extracts acted in a dose-depended manner against HaCaT keratinocytes and A375 melanoma cells and moreover, with effects on the ultrastructure, nitric oxide concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Therefore, the Vinca species could be exploited further for the development of alternative treatments in bacterial infections or as anticancer adjuvants.

scholarly journals W.S. Gosset and Some Neglected Concepts in Experimental Statistics: Guinnessometrics II

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Ziliak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractStudent's exacting theory of errors, both random and real, marked a significant advance over ambiguous reports of plant life and fermentation asserted by chemists from Priestley and Lavoisier down to Pasteur and Johannsen, working at the Carlsberg Laboratory. One reason seems to be that William Sealy Gosset (1876–1937) aka “Student” – he of Student'st-table and test of statistical significance – rejected artificial rules about sample size, experimental design, and the level of significance, and took instead an economic approach to the logic of decisions made under uncertainty. In his job as Apprentice Brewer, Head Experimental Brewer, and finally Head Brewer of Guinness, Student produced small samples of experimental barley, malt, and hops, seeking guidance for industrial quality control and maximum expected profit at the large scale brewery. In the process Student invented or inspired half of modern statistics. This article draws on original archival evidence, shedding light on several core yet neglected aspects of Student's methods, that is, Guinnessometrics, not discussed by Ronald A. Fisher (1890–1962). The focus is on Student's small sample, economic approach to real error minimization, particularly in field and laboratory experiments he conducted on barley and malt, 1904 to 1937. Balanced designs of experiments, he found, are more efficient than random and have higher power to detect large and real treatment differences in a series of repeated and independent experiments. Student's world-class achievement poses a challenge to every science. Should statistical methods – such as the choice of sample size, experimental design, and level of significance – follow the purpose of the experiment, rather than the other way around? (JEL classification codes: C10, C90, C93, L66)

Inhibitory Effect of Commercial Green Tea and Rosemary Leaf Powders on the Growth of Foodborne Pathogens in Laboratory Media and Oriental-Style Rice Cakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN-YOUNG LEE ◽  
SO-YOUNG GWON ◽  
SEUNG-JU KIM ◽  
BO KYUNG MOON
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rice Cake ◽  
Rice Cakes

The antimicrobial effects of green tea and rosemary added to foods as antagonists to foodborne pathogens were determined in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes. The growth of each pathogen (Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Typhimurium, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) in tryptic soy broth or rice cake with or without addition of green tea or rosemary leaf powders before autoclaving or cooking, respectively, was investigated after inoculation. The addition of 1% green tea or rosemary produced similar results for inhibiting the growth of pathogens in tryptic soy broth. However, green tea was more effective than rosemary for inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. Both botanicals had inhibitory effects against all pathogens tested in this study. Green tea was particularly effective against B. cereus, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, and rosemary was strongly inhibitory against B. cereus and S. aureus. The addition of 1 or 3% green tea or rosemary to rice cakes did not significantly reduce total aerobic counts; however, levels of B. cereus and S. aureus were significantly reduced in rice cakes stored for 3 days at room temperature (22°C). The order of antimicrobial activities against B. cereus in rice cake was 1% rosemary < 1% green tea < 3% rosemary = 3% green tea. These results indicate that the use of natural plant materials such as green tea and rosemary could improve the microbial quality of foods in addition to their functional properties.

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