scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF THE MYCOLOGY LABORATORY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL CANDIDOSIS IN IMMUNODEPRESSED PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
M. Iken ◽  
◽  
B. Khouloud ◽  
H. Naoui ◽  
L. Boumhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae ◽  
Vitek 2

The authors report a series of 49 cases of oral candidiasis including 20 symptomatic, listed on 100 immunocompromised patients collected at the Mohammed V Military Hospital in Rabat over a 12-month period. The objective of this work was to define the risk factors that lay the foundation for fungal proliferation in the mouth, through early detection in asymptomatic or non-asymptomatic patients. Mycological analysis in the laboratory was based on direct examination and culture on Sabouraud chloramphenicol medium with and without cycloheximide, then identification of the fungal species by API 20 C AUX galleries and the VITEK 2 compact® . The prevalence of oral candidiasis was 49%. The mean age of the patients was 54 years with a sex ratio M / F of 1.04. The contributing factors identified were hyposialia (p = 0.0337), corticosteroid therapy (p = 0.025 and dental removable prostheses (p = 0.000791). The fungal species identified were Candida albicans (79%), Candida dubliniensis (7%), Candida ciferrii (4%), Candida famata (4%), Candida glabrata (4%) and Candida lusitaniae (2%). Conclusion: The oral localization of candidiasis remains very frequent in immunocompromised subjects. Their treatment involves first of all the search for contributing factors and early detection in the presence of asymptomatic forms that only mycological analysis can identify the variety.

scholarly journals The result of treadmill test in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrinivasrao Joshi ◽  
Chandrakant Gunaji Lahane ◽  
Akshay Arvind Kashid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">To study the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The present study was conducted in the Govt. Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad. During December 2012 to November 2014 with 50 patients. It was two year cross sectional study with the patients of asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">12 (24%) out of 50 subjects had positive TMT. It correlated with years of duration of diabetes (9 positive TMT cases with duration of diabetes more than 10 years). 5 (25%) out of 20 had serum cholesterol levels &gt;240, Number of positive TMT were higher in patients with LDL &gt;160 [5 (25%) out of 20]</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Diabetic patients are at very high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of IHD is very important so that pharmacological therapy, which may improve outcome, can be established. Tread mill exercise TMT being a non-invasive test with high safety, has an important role in early detection of IHD. It is recommended that TMT should be a part of routine management in asymptomatic patients with type II DM. </span></p>

scholarly journals Clinical relevance of reporting fatty liver on ultrasound in asymptomatic patients during routine health checkups

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 4447-4454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Ramakant Mahale ◽  
Sonali Dattatray Prabhu ◽  
Muthiah Nachiappan ◽  
Merwyn Fernandes ◽  
Sonali Ullal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Objective Ultrasonography is an efficient technique for detecting fatty liver. Its sensitivity and specificity in detecting moderate to severe fatty liver are comparable to those of histology. Fatty liver is associated with abnormal lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular/renal disease, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions. This study was performed to compare the serum lipid profiles and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients diagnosed with fatty liver on ultrasonography versus controls without fatty liver and evaluate the clinical relevance of an ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver in routine health checkups. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 390 patients who underwent health checkups; 226 were diagnosed with fatty liver (cases) and 164 were not (controls). The lipid profile, serum GOT and GPT levels, and HbA1c level were compared between the cases and controls. Results The cases had considerably higher levels of lipids, liver enzymes (serum GOT and GPT), and HbA1c than controls. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a noninvasive simple tool for early detection of fatty liver in asymptomatic patients and can help clinicians achieve early detection of metabolic syndrome.

LEVEDURAS EM CASOS DE MASTITE BOVINA SUBCLÍNICA NO SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-807
Author(s):  
Pedro Rassier dos Santos ◽  
Carolina Lambrecht Gonçalves ◽  
Giniani Carla Dors ◽  
Helenice De Lima Gonzalez ◽  
Patrícia Da Silva Nascente
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Vitek 2

Alguns alimentos como o leite tem um importante papel na dieta humana, pois fornece uma série de nutrientes essenciais. A contaminação do leite por micro-organismos indesejáveis, como os fungos, pode causar alterações físico-químicas no mesmo, limitando sua durabilidade e de seus derivados, além de determinar problemas econômicos e de saúde pública. As leveduras são os agentes fúngicos mais frequentemente relacionados às infecções da glândula mamária em bovinos de leite. Para realização deste trabalho, foram coletadas 640 amostras de leite, oriundas dos quartos mamários de vacas em lactação que apresentaram resultado positivos ao Califórnia Mastitis Test (CMT). Previamente foi realizada a desinfecção do teto com algodão embebido em álcool 70ºGL e posteriormente retirou-se as amostras de aproximadamente 10 mL de leite que foram encaminhadas para o Laboratório de Micologia, no Instituto de Biologia da UFPel, semeadas em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose adicionado de Cloranfenicol e armazenadas na estufa por 7 dias a 36 °C. Nas amostras em que houve crescimento leveduriforme, fez-se a identificação através do Sistema Vitek 2. Foram identificados: Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida famata e Candida parapsilosis.

scholarly journals Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease among Hospital Live Birth in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Fatema ◽  
RB Chowdhury ◽  
L Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Paediatric Cardiologist

Background: Incidence of congenital heart disease is 8-10/1000 live birth which is established by many studies carried out in many centers worldwide. In Bangladesh no incidence study was carried out so far. Newborn children presenting with various forms of congenital heart disease is a common problem now a days. Neonatologists and paediatricians are now more conscious about early detection and treatment of newborn with congenital heart diseases. Diagnostic facilities are also available in many places. So an individual incidence record from an ideal center of our country is a demand of the time which led carrying out this study. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka over a period of three years (2004 – 2006). All five thousand six hundred and sixty eight live births weighing more than 500 gm and more than 28 weeks gestational period were subjected to a thorough clinical examination within 72 hours of birth. Those suspected to have any form of congenital heart disease (CHD) were followed up every 4-6 wks for a period of 12 months. Echocardiography with color Doppler was performed in all these newborn including those who reported late but were delivered in obstetrics department of Combined Military Hospital Dhaka. Result: One hundred forty two babies out of 5668 live birth had CHD, ie, 25/1000 live births. Incidence of CHD was higher in pre terms as compared to full term live birth. Some of the patients (18.30%) has other associated somatic anomalies among which Down’s syndrome was commonest (9.15%). Most common congenital heart lesions were Atrial Septal Defect (ASD-26%), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD-16.9%), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA-18%), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF-14%), Pulmonary Stenosis (PS-7.75%) etc. Those who were found to have congenital heart disease were managed accordingly. Some patients had spontaneous closure of defects in first year follow up period. Conclusion: The incidence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) depends upon various factors like nature of the samples (all live birth or all birth) or on the spot examination by a Paediatric cardiologist. A hospital which has Obstetric, Neonatal and Paediatric cardiology unit can carried out this kind of study successfully. In this study screening of asymptomatic high risk neonates also contributes in early detection of many trivial lesions. Severe lesions were also detected by the paediatric cardiologist who usually expire before being referred from other hospitals and before being diagnosis is established. So a higher incidence rate is recorded in this study. Key words: Congenital heart disease; Echocardiography DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8199 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 14-20  

scholarly journals Candida and Oral Candidosis—A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Sachidananda Mallya ◽  
Shrikara Mallya
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oral Candidosis

AbstractOral candidiasis (also called candidosis) is an opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa. These lesions are very common and caused by yeast Candida albicans. C. albicans are normal component of oral microflora and around 30 to 50% carry these organisms. The rate of carriage increases with advancing age of the patient. C. albicans are recovered from patient’s mouth over the age of 60 years. Other species such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei are infrequently but consistently isolated. Oral candidosis can be classified into primary and secondary candidiasis. The factors involved in the pathogenicity of C. albicans have been reviewed. The pathogenesis of different biotypes and strains of C. albicans varies. A relationship has been suggested between the adherence of C. albicans to surfaces and its ability to colonize and cause disease. An important aspect of the pathogenicity of C. albicans may be its nonspecific affinity and binding to acrylic resin and other plastics. The factors affecting adhesion of yeasts, related to yeast cells, related to host cells and environmental factors, and the main factors which increase the susceptibility of oral candidiasis have been reviewed. The different types of oral lesions, their identification by different methods, management, and treatment of oral candidiasis also have been highlighted.Oral candidosis as a common opportunistic infection has gained importance after the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Candidiasis was always an endogenous infection. There are few cases of exogenous infection in intravenous drug abusers and contact lens users. Esophageal candidiasis is the earliest and most cases of lesions seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. The diagnosis and reporting of oral candidiasis should be done with utmost care. The finding of yeast cells in large numbers and presence of pseudohyphae indicate invasion and causative agent of infection. The diagnosis of Candida infection can be confirmed by various techniques and recently discovered advanced methods.The confirmation of Candida infection depends on clinical diagnosis, proper collection of specimen, and careful evaluation in methodology and reporting.

scholarly journals Candida auris: a fungus with identity crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taissa Vila ◽  
Ahmed S Sultan ◽  
Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui ◽  
Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Robust Response

ABSTRACT Candida auris is a new fungal species that has puzzlingly and simultaneously emerged on five continents. Since its identification in 2009, the scientific community has witnessed an exponential emergence of infection episodes and outbreaks in healthcare facilities world-wide. Candida auris exhibits several concerning features compared to other related Candida species, including persistent colonization of skin and nosocomial surfaces, ability to resist common disinfectants and to spread rapidly among patients. Resistance to multiple drug classes and misidentification by available laboratory identification systems has complicated clinical management, and outcomes of infection have generally been poor with mortality rates approaching 68%. Currently, the origins of C. auris are unclear, and therefore, it is impossible to determine whether environmental and climactic changes were contributing factors in its recent emergence as a pathogen. Nevertheless, a robust response involving rapid diagnostics, prompt interventions and implementation of precautions, are paramount in curtailing the spread of  infections by this fungal species. Importantly, there is a pressing need for the development of new antifungal drugs. In this article, we present a brief overview highlighting some of the important aspects of C. auris epidemiology, pathogenesis and its puzzling global emergence.

scholarly journals Clinical Implications of Oral Candidiasis: Host Tissue Damage and Disseminated Bacterial Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Kong ◽  
Sona Kucharíková ◽  
Patrick Van Dijck ◽  
Brian M. Peters ◽  
Mark E. Shirtliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Fluconazole Therapy ◽  
Subsequent Exposure

The clinical significance of polymicrobial interactions, particularly those between commensal species with high pathogenic potential, remains largely understudied. Although the dimorphic fungal speciesCandida albicansand the bacteriumStaphylococcus aureusare common cocolonizers of humans, they are considered leading opportunistic pathogens. Oral candidiasis specifically, characterized by hyphal invasion of oral mucosal tissue, is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV+and immunocompromised individuals. In this study, building on our previous findings, a mouse model was developed to investigate whether the onset of oral candidiasis predisposes the host to secondary staphylococcal infection. The findings demonstrated that in mice with oral candidiasis, subsequent exposure toS. aureusresulted in systemic bacterial infection with high morbidity and mortality. Histopathology and scanning electron microscopy of tongue tissue from moribund animals revealed massiveC. albicanshyphal invasion coupled withS. aureusdeep tissue infiltration. The crucial role of hyphae in the process was demonstrated using a non-hypha-producing and a noninvasive hypha-producing mutant strains ofC. albicans. Further, in contrast to previous findings,S. aureusdissemination was aided but not contingent upon the presence of the Als3p hypha-specific adhesion. Importantly, impeding development of mucosalC. albicansinfection by administering antifungal fluconazole therapy protected the animals from systemic bacterial disease. The combined findings from this study demonstrate that oral candidiasis may constitute a risk factor for disseminated bacterial disease warranting awareness in terms of therapeutic management of immunocompromised individuals.

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