scholarly journals ASSESSING THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) ON MICRO-ORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Andrew Omachi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Micro Organisms

Medicinal plants have assumed the basis of traditional medicine and have proven effective in human health care across the world. There is a growing interest in the role of complementary and alternative medicines to treat various illnesses. The continued consumption of antibiotic with little or no impact on bacteria have negatively affected health care delivery. Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) is a popular shrub belonging to the family Asteraceae and a perennial shrub commonly cultivated as a homestead vegetable and fodder tree in various parts of Nigeria. The current study was conducted to assess the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of bitter leaf on Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The result of the phytochemical analysis conducted on the root and stem bark of V. amygdalina revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, and saponins. However, it was found that tannins and phenol were mainly deposited in the plants stem bark.Also, the antimicrobial analysis conducted revealed that S. aureus was more vulnerable to the ethanol, acetone, and hot aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina. while, P. aeruginosa, and C. Albicans showed sensitivity to ethanol and acetone exposure but failed to react to the hot aqueous extracts.The study concludes that the observed biological reactions shown by the aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina corroborate the traditional application of this plant as an alternative antibiotic.

Antibacterial Activity and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Cladophora glomerate

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusl Abed Al Rassul Ali ◽  
Ahmed S Dwaish
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Made In

Filamentous specie of algae (Cladophora glomerata) collected from Baghdad University –Iraq were tested against bacterial species. Extracts of Cladophora glomerata species were prepared in acetone, hot and cold aqueous extracts. four different concentrations (w/vol.) 12.5 ,25 ,50 and 100 mg/ml were made in each of the above mentioned extracts. Extracts were loaded on agar plates, containing test bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla sp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hot and cold aqueous extracts were inefficiency in all bacterial species, while the hot acetone extract was efficiency for making extract that showed good zone of inhibition in bacterial species maximum up to 18 mm than the lower value was 7.5 mm. Chemical analyses showed that the active chemical compounds for hot acetone extract alga (Cladophora glomerata) extract was contains alkaloids, phenols, Tannins, Flavones, Resins and tannins. The acetone extract was further chemically characterized by using GC–MS in order to be tentative identify the compounds responsible for such activities. The main compositions were Methadone, Benzonitrile, bromobutyloxychalcone, Benzeneethanamine and Cyclodecasiloxane compounds which had antimicrobial activity. These results indicate that the acetone extract of C. glomerata exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activity and could be a source of valuable bioactive materials for health products.

Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Candida albicans

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Perez ◽  
Cristina Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

In previous papers, we reported the antimicrobial activity of plants used in Argentine folk medicine against different micro-organisms. The present study deals with the screening of 11 of these plants against the opportunistic pathogen fungus Candida albicans. Aqueous extracts 6% p/v (6 mg dry plant per 100 ml of water) were checked against fungus cultures by the agar-well diffusion method. Five extracts showed antifungal activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTIONS, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN THE LEAF AND STEM BARK OF SOLANUM PUBESCENS WILLD.

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
SUDHAMA VN ◽  
RAMAKRISHNAN M
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Solanum Pubescens

Objective: The objective of this study was to extract the phytochemicals from leaf and stem bark of Solanum pubescens, perform qualitative analysis, and evaluate antimicrobial activity of the phytochemicals against certain microbial pathogens. Methods: Leaf and stem bark of S. pubescens was subjected to phytochemical extractions using Soxhlet apparatus with five different solvents, identified the major constituents in different solvent extracts using standard protocols and investigated the potential antimicrobial activities of the extracts against certain selected bacterial and fungal pathogens by agar well diffusion method. Results: The maximum yield was in methanolic extracts of leaf and stem bark of the study plant such as 18.51 and 12.5%, respectively, followed by the hydroalcohol extracts (14.23 and 10.00%). Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed maximum number of extracted bioactive compounds when compared to other similar studies. Among the five different solvent extracts of S. pubescens, n-hexane extract of stem bark was found to be active against all the bacterial pathogens and stem bark extracts made with methanol and hydroalcohol showed antifungal activity against all the four fungal pathogens tested. Leaf extracts made with solvents such as n-hexane and ethyl acetate showed inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, hydroalcohol extract was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium while none of the leaf extracts of the study plant showed inhibition zones against fungal pathogens tested. Conclusion: Multiple solvent extraction approach yielded the phytochemicals which are not yet reported and the antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals acknowledged their medicinal value.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of some fractions of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
H.M.G. Abubaka ◽  
H Usman ◽  
Y Karumi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Column Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Micro Organisms

The aim of this study was to determine the active phytochemical(s) most probably responsible for microbial inhibitions, following a bioassay guided protocol. Column chromatographic fractions (AG) obtained from n-Butanol partitioned portion of stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis were analyzed for phytochemical composition. These were subjected to antimicrobial activity tests on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Phytochemical screening conducted on the column fraction E revealed the presence of tannins, free anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The anti-microbial test results from fractions A, B, F and G, obtained showed no inhibition against most of the micro-organisms tested, while fractions C, D and E showed significant (P<0.05) activities with diameters of inhibition zone of inhibition ranging from 15.00±1.00 mm to 13.00±6.67 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes at all the concentrations tested (50, 12.5, 6.25 mg/ml equivalent to 3, 1.5 and 0.75 mg/disc). The column fraction E showed the highest inhibition zones with broader concentration dependent pattern with MIC at 12.5 mg/ml. The findings from this study showed the presence of bio-active components against Streptococcus pyogenes with relative higher potency in fraction E. Based on this findings, it can be surmised that Fraction E with significant dose-dependent activity is expected to revealed a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and thus recommended for further purification stages towards compound(s) isolation of a novel antimicrobial agent.Keywords: Antimicrobial, Diospyros mespiliformis, Phytochemical, Potency, Stem Bark

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI SEEDS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Bashyal ◽  
Avijit Guha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of this study is to identify medicinally important phytochemicals and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Trachyspermum ammi seeds. Methods: Four different extracts (methanol, acetone, chloroform, and water) were prepared using a soxhlet apparatus, antimicrobial activity was tested using agar well-diffusion technique. Results: The results revealed the presence of flavonoids and saponins in all the extracts prepared. Similarly, alkaloids and phenols presence were obtained in methanol and aqueous extracts. Glycosides and carbohydrates in methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts. Further, proteins, terpenoids, and tannins presence were found in methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts, respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was found in the methanolic extract (13.5 mm). Acetone, chloroform, and water extracts showed 9 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm respectively, while ciprofloxacin (control) showed 17.5 mm of the zone of inhibition. Conclusion: T. ammi seeds exert biological properties due to the presence of various chemical constituents. Thus, it can be used to obtain novel antibacterial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases in the future.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA (TARO) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gamal Al-Kaf ◽  
Aziza M. Taj Al-Deen ◽  
Samir Ahmed Ali ALhaidari ◽  
Fatima A. Al-Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds

In this study methanolic and aqueous extracts of one plant namely Colocasia esculenta, were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents and tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the results showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and amino acid were present in the methanol extract, with absence of glycosides, and amino acids in the aqueous extracts in leaves plant. TLC tests conducted revealed Rf values in the leaves for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and saponins (0.95-0.96-0.97-0.96-0.97) respectively. The antimicrobial activity extracts against four bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. and a single fungal isolate Candida albicans with concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, and 1,0 mg/ml) of the extract were added to the disc and respective solvent was used as negative control. The antioxidative activity of leaf was evaluated by using 1,1- diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the results showed are 86.5%, lowest from standard, ascorbic acid 87.5%.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Partially Purified Protein from Young and Matured Root of Guiera senegalensis (Moshi Medicine)

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
M. K. Jiyil ◽  
M. I. Shago ◽  
C. E. Mafuyai ◽  
M. Silas ◽  
O. A. Olorunyomi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Young Root ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis

Background: Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is increasing at an alarming rate leading to the need for traditional medicine as an alternative. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic and, aqueous extracts of partial purified protein of young and matured roots of Guiera senegalensis. Methodology: Antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques, Quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by standard procedure, the gel chromatography technique was used to fractionate the crude protein. The test isolates were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Results: The antimicrobial activity showed all the extracts were quite effective against most of the test isolates except Candida albicans (fungus). The crude and partially purified proteins were active against Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition (37.33±5.03b mm) was observed in methanolic extracts of young root against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 mg/ml. Most extracts of methanolic exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the range of 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. The young root was more active than the matured root. Quantitative phytochemicals showed a high amount of saponins (9.98% and 6.42%) in matured and young roots respectively. Conclusion: Guiera senegalensis has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and a potential source of new antibiotics that could be useful for the treatment of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Integration of Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Health care system to combat COVID 19- A Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Vaishali H. Shinde ◽  
Ramesh Bawaskar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicines ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Human mankind has always been under the wrath of various epidemics viz. Spanish Flu, Asian Flu, Hong Kong Flu, influenza A-H1N1 virus, SARS in 2003, etc. The on-going COVID 19 pandemic has posed as a serious concern to humans with no proper treatment and no specific drugs against this virus. There have been various challenges to the current health care delivery system. There is dearth of reported RCTs evaluating effects of antivirals. Corticosteroid treatment has reported to have delayed coronavirus RNA clearance with its widespread use leading to development/exacerbation of fungal diseases like Mucormycosis. Various vaccines designed have many questions about their efficacy that may rise with time, as SARS-CoV-2 has numerous variants, and it can mutate over time. With limited success in developing antivirals, Complementary and Alternative medicines like Traditional Chinese medicines, Ayurvedic and homoeopathic medicines have been gaining momentums in recent years displaying promising results. Methodical researches are warranted to further evaluate the efficacy of Complementary and alternative medicines. For curtailing the devastating effects of COVID 19 requires reviewing the current health policies by integrating complementary medicine with conventional system. To channelize all the available therapeutic options to win the battle against COVID-19 is the need of hour.

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