scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALISON MICROORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1040-1048
Author(s):  
Andrew Omachi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

The rise in several deadly diseases like infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria implies re-inventing the wheel on drug discovery. Perhaps, extensive research has been dedicated to identifying alternatives to mitigating the effects of antibiotics resistance. Over the years, plants have contributed significantly to traditional medicine, proven effective in human health care, and were extensively used as alternative antibiotics in certain conditions. Thus, the current studys primary purpose is to determine the phytochemical contents and the antimicrobial activity of T. occidentalison microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The result of the phytochemical analysis conducted on the leaf and seed of T. occidentalisrevealed alkaloids, tannin, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, and saponins. However, it was found that tannins and phenol were mainly deposited in the plants seed. Also, the antimicrobial analysis conducted revealed that S. aureus was more vulnerable to the ethanol, acetone, and hot aqueous extracts of T. occidentalis. At the same time, P. aeruginosa and C. Albicans showed sensitivity to ethanol and acetone exposure but failed to react to the hot aqueous extracts. The study concludes that the observed biological reactions shown by the aqueous extracts of T. occidentaliscorroborate the traditional application of this plant as an alternative antibiotic.

scholarly journals Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIAH AYUNINGRUM ◽  
RHESI KRISTIANA ◽  
AYUNDA AINUN NISA ◽  
SEPTHY KUSUMA RADJASA ◽  
SAKTI IMAM MUCHLISSIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Kristiana R, Nisa AA, Radjasa SK, Muchlissin SI, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019. Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 20: 956-964. Tunicate is a rich secondary metabolites producer with various biological activities whether as an original producer or produced by the associated microorganisms. In this study, a total of 11 tunicate specimens were identified as Polycarpa aurata with four color variations based on morphological characteristic and COI gene identification and BLAST analysis. The P. aurata associated-bacteria were isolated and tested for antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. A total of 86 axenic isolates were successfully purified. Furthermore, nine isolates (10.5%) exhibited antibacterial activity on preliminary screening. Nine prospective isolates were fermented in respective medium (Zobell 2216, modified M1 or modified ISP2 media) then extracted using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts from liquid fermentation were tested against MDR Escherichia coli, MDR Bacillus cereus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Sensitive and Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). As a result, seven isolates (8.1%) still retained the activity at the extract concentration 150 µg/disk. Molecular analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing revealed the most active isolates, TSB 47, TSC 10 and TSB 34 identified as Bacillus tropicus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Virgibacillus massiliensis, with BLAST homology 99%.

Antimicrobial activity and biofilm inhibition of riparins I, II and III and ultrastructural changes in multidrug-resistant bacteria of medical importance

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 104529
Author(s):  
Jorge Belém Oliveira-Júnior ◽  
Everton Morais da Silva ◽  
Dyana Leal Veras ◽  
Karla Raíza Cardoso Ribeiro ◽  
Catarina Fernandes de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Medical Importance

scholarly journals High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Marta Aires-de-Sousa ◽  
Claudine Fournier ◽  
Elizeth Lopes ◽  
Hermínia de Lencastre ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Encoding Genes

In order to evaluate whether seagulls living on the Lisbon coastline, Portugal, might be colonized and consequently represent potential spreaders of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a total of 88 gull fecal samples were screened for detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and for vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). A large proportion of samples yielded carbapenemase- or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 55%, respectively), while only two MRSA and two VRE were detected. Mating-out assays followed by PCR and whole-plasmid sequencing allowed to identify carbapenemase and ESBL encoding genes. Among 24 carbapenemase-producing isolates, there were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%) and Escherichia coli (33%). OXA-181 was the most common carbapenemase identified (54%), followed by OXA-48 (25%) and KPC-2 (17%). Ten different ESBLs were found among 62 ESBL-producing isolates, mainly being CTX-M-type enzymes (87%). Co-occurrence in single samples of multiple ESBL- and carbapenemase producers belonging to different bacterial species was observed in some cases. Seagulls constitute an important source for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment and their gut microbiota a formidable microenvironment for transfer of resistance genes within bacterial species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of surfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis R14 against multidrug-resistant bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo André Vicente Fernandes ◽  
Isabel Renata de Arruda ◽  
Antônio Fernando Amatto Botelho dos Santos ◽  
Ana Albertina de Araújo ◽  
Ana Maria Souto Maior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

scholarly journals Construction of Zinc Oxide into Different Morphological Structures to Be Utilized as Antimicrobial Agent against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Elkady ◽  
H. Shokry Hassan ◽  
Elsayed E. Hafez ◽  
Ahmed Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Zno Nanotubes

Nano-ZnO has been successfully implemented in particles, rods, and tubes nanostructures via sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques. The variation of the different preparation parameters such as reaction temperature, time, and stabilizer agents was optimized to attain different morphological structures. The influence of the microwave annealing process on ZnO crystallinity, surface area, and morphological structure was monitored using XRD, BET, and SEM techniques, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide produced in nanotubes structure was examined against four different multidrug resistant bacteria: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa) strains. The activity of produced nano-ZnO was determined by disc diffusion technique and the results revealed that ZnO nanotubes recorded high activity against the studied strains due to their high surface area equivalent to 17.8 m2/g. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanotubes showed that the low concentrations of ZnO nanotubes could be a substitution for the commercial antibiotics when approached in suitable formula. Although the annealing process of ZnO improves the degree of material crystallinity, however, it declines its surface area and consequently its antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Design Solutions for Improving the Activity-Selectivity Product of Peptide Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3526
Author(s):  
Davor Juretić ◽  
Anja Golemac ◽  
Denise E. Strand ◽  
Keshi Chung ◽  
Nada Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Peptide Antibiotics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Selective Antimicrobial Activity

The link between the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of peptides has long been studied, and the number of peptides identified with both activities has recently increased considerably. In this work, we hypothesized that designed peptides with a wide spectrum of selective antimicrobial activity will also have anticancer activity, and tested this hypothesis with newly designed peptides. The spectrum of peptides, used as partial or full design templates, ranged from cell-penetrating peptides and putative bacteriocin to those from the simplest animals (placozoans) and the Chordata phylum (anurans). We applied custom computational tools to predict amino acid substitutions, conferring the increased product of bacteriostatic activity and selectivity. Experiments confirmed that better overall performance was achieved with respect to that of initial templates. Nine of our synthesized helical peptides had excellent bactericidal activity against both standard and multidrug-resistant bacteria. These peptides were then compared to a known anticancer peptide polybia-MP1, for their ability to kill prostate cancer cells and dermal primary fibroblasts. The therapeutic index was higher for seven of our peptides, and anticancer activity stronger for all of them. In conclusion, the peptides that we designed for selective antimicrobial activity also have promising potential for anticancer applications.

scholarly journals Colistin and Kanamycin Together in Association with Coridothymus capitatus to Enhance their Antimicrobial Activity and Fight Multidrug-Resistance Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8608-8625
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

It should be remembered that bacteria continue to spread and develop new types of resistance, so further actions are needed to deal with antibiotic resistance. As a result, antibacterial drugs have become less effective, resulting in the accelerated discovery of available alternative treatments, including essential oils. The aim of this work was to intensify and promote the action of two antibiotics, kanamycin, and colistin, to fight antibiotic resistance thanks to the action of essential oil obtained from the flowers of Coridothymus capitatus grown on the Iblei mountains. To this end, a comparison of biological and chemical assays was carried out. The results showed a broad antimicrobial power of the essential oil itself and a great synergistic activity in combination with Kanamycin and Colistin against multidrug-resistant bacteria. These combinations increased the range of antibiotics, leading us to speculate that it could be incorporated into new pharmaceutical formulations for therapies of infections caused by increasingly dangerous bacteria. Antibiotic resistance represents an ever-greater danger to human health. This work re-evaluates the use of colistin and kanamycin thanks to the synergistic action found with the addition of a natural substance to pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Investigation of the environmental presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria at small animal hospitals in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Kerek ◽  
Ágnes Sterczer ◽  
Zoltán Somogyi ◽  
Dóra Kovács ◽  
Ákos Jerzsele
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria can cause severe nosocomial infections in both human and veterinary clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and antibiotic susceptibility of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas strains at four small animal clinics of Hungary in 2018, as these bacteria can reliably represent the level of antimicrobial resistance in the investigated environment. A total of 177 Staphylococcus colonies were found, including 22 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 13 Staphylococcus aureus. As regards enterococci, 9 Enterococcus faecium, 2 E. faecalis and further 286 Enterococcus strains were isolated. The number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 34) was considered too low for relevant susceptibility testing. Among staphylococci, the highest resistance was found to sulphamethoxazole (82.9%), penicillin (65.7%) and erythromycin (54.3%), while in the case of enterococci, resistance to norfloxacin and rifampicin was the most common, with 25.5% of the strains being resistant to both antibiotics. Ten methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and six vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains could be identified. Only 5.7% of the Staphylococcus isolates were susceptible to all tested agents, while this ratio was 36.2% among enterococci. The results of this study have revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Hungarian small animal clinics, which highlights the importance of regular disinfection processes and stringent hygiene measures in veterinary clinics.

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